Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute viral hepatitis type B was observed in three patients convalescing from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-negative viral hepatitis. The two types of viral hepatitis were clearly differentiated by serial HBs Ag determinations with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. These findings provide additional evidence of the lack of cross-immunity between the two types of viral hepatitis and indicate that patients with HBs Ag-positive and HBs Ag-negative acute viral hepatitis should be separated.
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PMID:Occurrence of viral hepatitis type B and type non-B in three patients. 5 Oct 40

Acute viral hepatitis B is considered to be an occupational risk to health-care workers worldwide. At the 1977 annual meeting of the Danish Society of Surgeons, 224 participants were examined for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HGsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) with use of a radioimmunoassay. None of the surgeons was HBsAg-positive, but 23% had anti-HBs. The prevalence of anti-HBs was five times higher among these surgeons than that in an age-matched control population. Hepatitis acquired during occupation as a surgeon was predominantly of type B, in contrast to hepatitis acquired before entering the surgical profession. Danish surgeons must be regarded as a group at high risk of hepatitis B infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus infections among Danish surgeons. 54 25

Twelve cases of childhood fulminant hepatitis seen over a 4-year period are described. Six had hepatitis A, five hepatitis B and one non-A non-B hepatitis. Encephalopathy, the cardinal feature of fulminant hepatitis, was usually evident within 2 weeks of onset of illness, and the median duration of illness in fatal cases was 19 days. Deep jaundice, prolongation of the prothrombin time and raised serum ammonia were invariable. Eight children died and the four survivors were critically ill before recovering. Acute viral hepatitis is generally a benign illness in childhood. Although infrequently recorded, fulminant hepatitis may, however, ensue and is associated with a high mortality.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatitis in children: report of 12 cases. 171 18

Acute viral hepatitis A, B and D share a common clinical complex including 4 phases: incubation, pre-icteric phase, icteric phase and convalescence. The diagnosis, suggested by clinical symptoms and by biochemical abnormalities that are often characteristic, must be confirmed by viral serology. Hepatitis A never becomes chronic. With hepatitis B or B and D, evolution to chronicity is possible, and the patients should be investigated for the return to normal values of transaminases, the disappearance of the HBs antigen and the appearance of anti-HBs antibodies. There is no specific treatment of acute viral hepatitis, but in case of hepatitis B prophylactic measures must be taken in the husband, the wife or the partner.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and monitoring of acute viral hepatitis A, B and C]. 237 16

The aetiologic types of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in 169 pregnant women were compared with those of 70 non-pregnant women and 287 adult men. The majority of pregnant women (87.6%) came with acute hepatitis in the last trimester of pregnancy. Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis accounted for 81.6% of hepatitis during pregnancy in comparison with 48.6% in non-pregnant women and 57.1% in adult men. Hepatitis A was extremely uncommon during pregnancy. Hepatitis B infection accounted for 17% of all cases in pregnant women compared with 45% in controls. Acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy had a poor outcome as assessed by maternal and/or fetal mortality (28.5%). The outcome was equally bad in hepatitis NANB and hepatitis B. Pregnant women generally had significantly lower immunoglobulin levels in comparison with non-pregnant women. In acute NANB hepatitis during pregnancy, serum IgG and IgM levels were lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in non-pregnant women and pregnant women with acute hepatitis B. It is suggested that an immune suppression during pregnancy might be responsible for increased susceptibility to acute NANB viral hepatitis, which, by itself, seems to induce only a transient acute phase IgM response.
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PMID:Aetiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy. 249 Dec 4

Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnant women. In Western Europe and North America acute hepatitis is equally frequent and severe during and outside pregnancy, whereas its frequency and severity are higher during pregnancy in developing countries. The foetal prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the disease in the mother; there is no increase in the incidence of congenital malformations or mongolism. The mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother to foetus is well known. The risk is particularly high in HBe Ag-positive women. In the majority of cases the disease is transmitted during labour or by maternal nursing after birth. Transmission through milk is of minor importance and transmission before birth is rare. It is now possible to prevent maternal foetal transmission by giving infants of HBs Ag-positive mothers an injection of anti-HBs gammaglobulins at birth and by vaccinating them against hepatitis B virus in the same way as adults. Neonates respond well to vaccination. These prophylactic measures offer hopes of eradicating chronic hepatitis, virus-induced cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Viral hepatitis in pregnancy and materno-fetal transmission of the B virus]. 315 31

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients in Bangkok was surveyed. There were 14.7% (10 out of 68 patients) HBAg carriers; 26.5% (18 out of 68 patients) positive for HBAb. Total exposure rate of HBV (28 out of 68 patients) was 41.2% at the beginning of dialysis. The exposure rate converted to be 50% (34 out of 68 patients) at the time of survey. Five cases with abnormal liver function expired while being on the hemodialysis. Acute viral hepatitis was thought to be the cause. One case of possible non A- non B viral hepatitis was discussed.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus infection in Thai hemodialysis patients. 407 Dec 1

Acute viral hepatitis is in most of the cases a self-limited disease. Therefore, therapeutic procedures are concentrated upon chronic aggressive hepatitis. Thus far immunostimulation has proven to be not very effective, Antiviral therapy with interferon, poly I:C, vidarabine, or ribavirin seems to be more promising, but at present, immunosuppressive treatment is still the therapy of choice despite its obvious disadvantages. The shortcomings of therapy, accord the prophylaxis of viral hepatitis the greater chance. Against hepatitis A, passive immunisation can be achieved with ordinary gamma-globulin, whereas against hepatitis B, hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIg) has to be used. Active immunisation is presently possible against hepatitis A and B. In a few years, the necessary quantities of vaccine will be available to commence vaccination on a large scale. Some promising results are obtained in our endeavour against hepatitis non A non B, but an effective prophylaxis will not be available in the near future.
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PMID:[New developments in therapy and prophylaxis of viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. 616

Travellers' hepatitis has been investigated by comparing clinical and serological data. The histories of 876 persons examined after their return from tropical countries were analysed for type, location, and length of stay abroad, prophylactic administration of gamma-globulin and past hepatitis. In addition to clinical investigations, 528 of the patients underwent radioimmunoassays for hepatitis markers. HBs antigen was detected in 1.1%, anti-HBs antibodies in 14.2%, and anti-HA antibodies in 37.3% of the patients. The prevalence of anti-HA antibodies increased with age, but the mean value for those over 20 years was only 8% above the mean for the corresponding age groups of Swiss residents. Significant differences in prevalence of anti-HA antibodies were only observed in persons who had stayed in the tropics for more than 5 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was 2-3 times higher in persons returning from the tropics than in volunteer Swiss blood donors. Contrary to hepatitis A, the hepatitis B markers were related neither to age nor to the length of stay abroad. Patient's histories and serological tests revealed a high frequency of unapparent infections, i.e. 74% of hepatitis A and 88% of hepatitis B infections. Acute viral hepatitis was newly diagnosed in 17 out of the 2032 tropical patients who consulted us during 1979. The yearly incidence of hepatitis in this population was thus 8.5%, which is about 10 times higher than that estimated for the Swiss population as a whole. Only 5 of the 17 cases showed hepatitis of type A. One third of the cases were anicteric. The study clearly shows the importance of non-A hepatitis among travellers. In consequence, questions arise as to the prophylactic use of gamma-globulin and the epidemiology of traveller's hepatitis.
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PMID:[Incidence of hepatitis virus infections and diseases in travelers returning from the tropics]. 700 71

Subacute hepatic failure has been a controversial diagnosis ever since it was first identified more than 15 years ago. The Working Committee on Subacute Hepatic Failure has attempted to redefine this entity in which exclusion of preexisting cirrhosis on liver biopsy has been emphasized. Acute viral hepatitis in a patient with asymptomatic chronic liver disease (e.g., hepatitis B or C, Wilson's disease) can be misdiagnosed as subacute hepatic failure in the absence of a liver biopsy. This situation is common in developing countries where the prevalence of feco-orally transmitted (hepatitis A [<20 years] and hepatitis E [>20 years]) and parenterally transmitted (hepatitis B) viruses is high. To obtain and interpret liver biopsy specimens in such a situation is difficult and hazardous, and hence rarely performed. Acute viral hepatitis in a patient with asymptomatic chronic liver disease should be carefully looked for and excluded, especially in developing countries, before a diagnosis of subacute hepatic failure is confirmed.
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PMID:Subacute hepatic failure: diagnosis of exclusion? 956 18


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