Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer incidence is rising rapidly in the Far East. Liver and lung cancers are the dominant neoplasms, but the incidence of breast and colorectal cancers has been increasing over the past 30 years, as Asians gradually adopt Western diet and lifestyle. Over the same period, the incidence of gastric cancer declined, although it remains a major health problem in many Asian countries. Malignancies presumed to be virus associated, such as liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, cervical cancer, and adult T-cell leukemia, are far more common in Asia than in the United States and other parts of the world. Preventive measures, such as hepatitis B immunization to prevent liver cancer, may prove effective for some of these malignancies in the years to come. Meanwhile, cancers that are related to smoking and diet, such as, cancer of the lung, breast, and colorectum, will become increasingly common in the Far East.
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PMID:Cancer epidemiology in the Far East--contrast with the United States. 831 62

PURPOSE. This paper is based on the author's keynote address given at the Seventh International Conference on the Health Problems of Chinese in North America. METHODS. The author/speaker reviewed the literature related to Chinese American health problems within the context of the broader demographic and aggregated health data reported on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. FINDINGS. In addition to background demographic statistics provided on Chinese Americans, the author/speaker focused on two categories of diseases: (1) communicable diseases; and (2) chronic diseases because of the greater availability of data on these categories. Communicable diseases from which Chinese Americans appear to suffer disproportionally are tuberculosis and hepatitis B. Infection with the hepatitis B virus also makes Chinese Americans much more susceptible to chronic liver diseases including cancer. Chinese also suffer disproportionally more from nasopharyngeal cancer; because of higher than average adult male smoking rates, these men can be expected to suffer disproportionally from a future epidemic of lung cancer cases. Unhealthy acculturation patterns in food consumption point towards changing profiles of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as higher rates of dietary related cancers. OBSERVATIONS. Rather than conclusions, observations of the current health status of Chinese Americans were offered. Four measures that organizations such as the Chinese medical societies and Chinese American health professionals can pursue to advance the health status of Chinese Americans, particularly in the area of heaslth policy, are: (1) voting; (2) collecting data on health status; (3) writing for professional journals; and (4) being active in policy development. KEY WORDS. Chinese Americans; health status; tuberculosis; hepatits B; cancer; diet; acculturation; smoking
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PMID:KEYNOTE ADDRESS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HEALTH OF CHINESE IN NORTH AMERICA: Health Status of Chinese Americans: Challenges and Opportunities. 1156 92

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have remained a major burden of public health in Southern China. The screening for early disease in asymptomatic individuals has potentially been the most promising tool to improve cancer treatment outcomes. The present study aims to evaluate the compliance rates and characteristics of cancer incidence in the population of NPC and HCC screening. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was performed in this population. NPC high/medium risk and HCC high risk individuals were followed-up for a number of years. The compliance rate, cancer incidence and early diagnosis rate of the screened population were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) In the preliminary screening, the compliance rate for NPC screening was significantly higher than that for HCC screening (29.3% vs. 26.2%; P<0.05). The compliance rates for screening were positively associated with age in these two screenings (P<0.01). (2) In the NPC screening, the compliance rates for the first year follow-up among NPC high/medium risk individuals were 74.9%, which was higher than that (60.2%) for the second year follow-up (P<0.05). The compliance rates for fiberoptic endoscopy among high risk individuals decreased along with the frequency of screening (P<0.016). The rates of missed diagnosis by non-compliance and the poor diagnostic accuracy of indicators were 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively. The average annual incidence and early diagnosis rate of the compliers were higher than those of the non-compliers (94.3 per 100,000 vs. 29.0 per 100,000; P<0.05 and 77.8% vs. 18.5%; P<0.05). (3) In the preliminary HCC screening, the compliance rate for ultrasonography among high risk individuals was 61.8%. The compliance rates for the follow-up were unsatisfactory. The rates of missed diagnosis by non-compliance and the poor diagnostic accuracy of indicators were 12.3% and 24.6%, respectively. There was no significant differences in average annual incidence and the rate of early diagnosis between compliers and non-compliers (79.4 per 100,000 vs. 54.6 per 100,000, P>0.05; 49.1% vs. 38.5%, P>0.05). Conclusion: The compliance rates for NPC and HCC screening needs to be improved. In particular, public health policies for HCC should be implemented. The present NPC screening could be the preferred strategy. However, the efficiency of HCC screening remains substantially unsatisfactory and needs to be further discussed.
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PMID:A Retrospective Cohort Study of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Screening and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Zhongshang City. 3120 49