UMLS:C0019163 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma of cAMP and cGMP in 30 cases of chronic active hepatitis (group of cholestatic patients) as well as in 20 cases of chronic hepatitis with submassive or massive necrosis (group of chronic severe hepatitis patients) were studied with 125I-marked radioimmunoassay. 50 cases with their serum bilirubin levels higher than 171 mumol/L were selected as subjects for this study. Among them, 42 were diagnosed as hepatitis B, 6 as coinfection of hepatitis A and B. According to differentiation of symptoms and signs of TCM, 24 were diagnosed as simple hepatitis due to blood stasis and blood heat, 17 as hepatitis due to blood stasis and blood heat accompanying symptoms of Yang deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney. 20 healthy persons were selected as controls. The results were as follows: cAMP was 56.82 +/- 25.54 ng/L and 80.32 +/- 20.73 ng/L, and cGMP was 9.07 +/- 6.56 ng/L and 19.49 +/- 9.34 ng/L in the group of cholestatic patients and in the group of chronic severe hepatitis patients respectively. Both were higher than those in the control group whose cAMP was 14.12 +/- 3.25 ng/L and cGMP was 5.87 +/- 1.44 ng/L (P less than 0.01). Increase in cGMP and decrease in the ratio of cAMP and cGMP in the cases accompanying symptoms of Yang deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney were much higher than those in the other two types of hepatitis patients (P less than 0.01 and 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relation of changes in plasma cAMP, cGMP and the clinical conditions, pathology and the type of traditional Chinese medicine in 50 cases of chronic severe icteric hepatitis]. 216 73

A total of 102 children aged 5 to 14 years with virus hepatitis B were examined for the status of the mononuclear phagocytic system in accordance with the absolute monocyte count in the circulating blood, esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the monocytes, for function of organ macrophages of the liver and spleen using dynamic scintigraphy with TC-colloid and for macrophages of the skin by the "skin window" method. The rise of the absolute count and lowering of the functional and metabolic activity of blood monocytes were directly proportional to the gravity of virus hepatitis B. The changes persisted for a long time, namely up to 1.5 to 3 months since the disease onset. There was a progressive drop of the functional activity of Kupffer cells in the liver with a maximum decrease seen within 4 to 6 weeks since the disease onset, followed by returning to normal in cyclic disease and preservation of the changes in lingering and chronic virus hepatitis B. Spleen macrophages play an active compensatory role, maintaining normal "purifying" function of the mononuclear phagocytic system. That compensatory response tension appeared high in lingering and especially in chronic virus hepatitis and may serve as a criterion for process chronicity. The changes in the mononuclear phagocytic system observed in cyclic course of mild and medium-gravity virus hepatitis B may be regarded as normal adaptive reaction and do not require any drug correction. The latter one may only be indicated in patients with grave, lingering or chronic disease patterns associated with break down or depletion of the adaptive mechanisms of the system in question.
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PMID:[Functional-metabolic activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the blood, liver, spleen and skin in children with hepatitis B]. 225 75

Balb/c mice were immunized with aluminium hydroxide [alum, Al (OH)3]-adjuvanted hepatitis B (HB) vaccines of subtypes adr, ayw or adw. Spleen cells from the immune animals were fused with SP2/O cells. Eight hybridoma clones producing antibodies specific for HB surface antigen (HBsAg) were selected. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of four clones were specific for group-specific antigen/a, and the other of four clones were specific for subtype antigen/d, y, r, or w. The anti-HBs/a mAbs were classified into three non-competitive groups. Quantitation of group-specific determinant a of HBsAg (HBsAg/a) was performed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which a solid phase of anti-HBs guinea-pig polyclonal antibodies (pAb), the HBsAg for testing, anti-HBs/a mouse mAb and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse IgG were used. The unadsorbed HBsAg was used to establish the standard curve of HBsAg/a. The lower detection limits were 0.5 to 1 ng/ml of HBsAg. Methods of solubilization of alum were investigated to quantify HBsAg/a in adsorbed HB vaccines. The recovery rate was more than 60% if vaccines were prediluted. The recovery of HBsAg/a in HB vaccines produced by the same manufacturer showed the similar recovery rate, and the contents of HBsAg/a in adsorbed HB vaccines could be estimated by the recovery rate determined for adsorbed HB vaccines.
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PMID:Quantitation of group-specific a antigen in hepatitis B vaccines by anti-HBs/a monoclonal antibody. 946 33

Profound thrombocytopenia resulting from portal hypertension may exacerbate gastrointestinal bleeding, precipitate spontaneous bleeding, preclude surgical intervention for associated disorders, and severely limit life-style because of the danger of splenic injury. Although splenectomy can reverse the thrombocytopenia, the procedure should be avoided in children. We reviewed our experience with distal splenorenal shunting (DSRS) in children, particularly when performed for the sole purpose of reversing severe thrombocytopenia resulting from portal hypertension. DSRS was performed in 11 children between the ages of 7 and 15 years: five for severe thrombocytopenia (group 1), four for advanced hypersplenism and congenital hepatic fibrosis prior to renal transplantation (group 2), and two for esophageal bleeding (group 3). One child in group 1 with severe heart disease and Child's class C cirrhosis due to hepatitis C died of progressive cardiac failure and was excluded from further analysis. Of the eight remaining patients in groups 1 and 2, four children had congenital hepatic fibrosis, two had portal vein thrombosis, one had hepatitis B, and one had Wilson's disease. After DSRS, the mean platelet count increased from 37,000 +/- 18,000 to 137,600 +/- 81,000 (P = 0.01). The platelet count improved significantly in all seven children with presinusoidal portal hypertension or stable cirrhosis but did not increase in the child with hepatitis B and Child's class B cirrhosis. The white blood cell count increased from an average of 3.3 +/- 1.1 to 5.4 +/- 2.6 (P= 0.02). There were no postoperative complications in this group. The improved platelet count allowed the four children with congenital hepatic fibrosis and renal failure to undergo renal transplantation with full posttransplant immunosuppression including azathioprine. Postoperative Doppler ultrasound examination demonstrated shunt patency at 6 months in all cases. Spleen size decreased appreciably in all children in groups 1 and 2. All children were able to resume full activity including contact sports. In summary, DSRS effectively controls profound thrombocytopenia resulting from presinusoidal portal hypertension or stable cirrhosis without sacrificing the spleen and should be the treatment of choice for this condition.
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PMID:Distal splenorenal shunts for the treatment of severe thrombocytopenia from portal hypertension in children. 1045 41

Two plasmid DNA vectors, pCAGGS(S) encoding the genes of the major envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and pCAGGS(S + preS2) encoding the genes of the middle envelope protein were used to study the mechanism and therapeutic potential of DNA-based immunization. Injection of these plasmids into the regenerating bilateral tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of normal C57BL/6 mice induced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Seventy-two hours after injection of pCAGGS(S), infiltrating cells including antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) were localized around the injection site and HBsAg was expressed by both muscle cells and infiltrating cells. Spleen DC from the mice were exposed to HBsAg for up to 32 weeks after a single injection of pCAGGS(S), because these DC induced the proliferation of HBsAg-specific memory lymphocytes in culture without exogenous HBsAg. A single injection of pCAGGS(S) or pCAGGS(S + preS2) resulted in the clearance of HBsAg in 28 out of 30 HBV-transgenic (Tg) mice. In contrast, more than 7 monthly injections of an HBsAg-based vaccine were required for the clearance of HBsAg in 6 out of 29 HBV-Tg mice. Infiltrating DC at the DNA vaccine injection site may have a role in initiating HBsAg-specific immune response, whereas the persistence of HBsAg exposed spleen DC may contribute to long-lasting immunity. This study also suggested that DNA-based vaccines may be a potent tool for treating chronic HBV carriers.
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PMID:Mechanism and therapeutic potential of DNA-based immunization against the envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus in normal and transgenic mice. 1138 Jun 96

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. The diagnosis of acute and chronic hepatitis B infection is based on the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We report here the development of hybrid cell producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for HBsAg using hybridoma technology. BALB/c mice were immunized with a mixture of HBsAg subtype "ad" and subtype "ay." Spleen and lymph nodes were used as a source of high-titer antibody producing lymphocytes and removed and fused with myeloma cells of F0 origin separately. In the five fusion experiment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed that among 1594 hybridomas only 5 hybrids (9D12, 2B7, 4G5, 2G3, and 6E7) reacted with HBsAg. These MAbs were characterized for use in the development of diagnostic kits based on sandwich ELISA test system. The MAbs were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and used in the quick sandwich ELISA system. This system is a quite practical and time-saving test system when compared with common and commercial sandwich ELISA for diagnosis of hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum.
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PMID:Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B viruses and application of a quick sandwich ELISA. 1295 3

Recently a new field of immunological research and clinical application of vaccines for therapeutic purposes (vaccine therapy) has been developed for treating several chronic viral infections including chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Administration of vaccine containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 1 year has resulted in negative HBsAg and development of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in some, but not in all, HBV transgenic mouse (HBV-Tg). In order to develop more potent regimen of vaccine therapy for chronic HBV carrier, we prepared a dendritic cell (DC)-based therapeutic vaccine and evaluated their therapeutic potential in HBV-Tg. DCs were isolated from single cell suspensions of murine spleen cells by collagenase digestion, density centrifugation and depletion of lymphocytes. Spleen DCs were cultured with HBsAg (100 microg) for 24 h to produce HBsAg-pulsed DCs. HBV-Tg expressing HBsAg and HBV DNA in the sera were randomly assigned to receive either HBsAg-pulsed DCs (n = 20) or unpulsed DC (n = 20) or vaccine containing HBsAg (n = 39) or complete Freund's adjuvant (n = 20) or left untreated (n = 20). Only two intraperitoneal injections of HBsAg-pulsed DCs resulted in negative HBsAg and production of anti-HBs in the sera in all HBV-Tg (n = 20). However, administration of un-pulsed DCs (n = 20) or vaccine containing HBsAg (n = 39) or only complete Freund's adjuvant did not induce negative HBsAg or production of anti-HBs in any HBV-Tg within 6 months of therapy commencement. Taken together, this study showed that HBsAg-pulsed DCs represent a highly potent therapeutic vaccine for chronic HBV infection and inspire optimism of using this vaccine in clinical conditions. A clinical trial of HBsAg-pulsed DC in patients with chronic hepatitis B is warranted.
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PMID:Production and efficacy of a dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccine for murine chronic hepatitis B virus carrierer. 1525 81

Vaccines containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induce antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in most normal individuals and protects them from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, these vaccines are not efficient at inducing anti-HBs in immunosuppressed individuals, especially in immunosuppressed HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to prepare and to assess the efficacy of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine in an immunosuppressed HBV transgenic mouse (HBV-Tg), an animal model of the HBV carrier state. In order to prepare immunosuppressed HBV-Tg, HBV-Tg were injected with FK-506, an immunosuppressive agent, once daily, intraperitoneally for 15 days. Spleen cells of immunosuppressed HBV-Tg expressed very little mRNAs for interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. DCs were isolated from the spleen of immunosuppressed HBV-Tg and cultured with HBsAg (100 microg) for 48 h to prepare HBsAg-pulsed DCs. Immunosuppressed HBV-Tg expressing HBsAg in the sera were administered with HBsAg-pulsed DCs or unpulsed DCs or HBsAg in adjuvant for different durations. Immunosuppressed HBV-Tg (n = 8) twice administered with HBsAg-pulsed DCs expressed anti-HBs in the sera within 6 weeks of first injection. Seven of eight immunosuppressed HBV-Tg remained positive for anti-HBs in the sera for the next 12 weeks of observation in spite of receiving daily injection of FK-506 for the entire duration. However, immunosuppressed HBV-Tg administered with unpulsed DCs or HBsAg in adjuvant did not express anti-HBs in the sera. The data show that DCs from immunosuppressed HBV-Tg can be loaded with HBsAg to prepare immunogenic HBsAg-pulsed DCs. HBsAg-pulsed DCs induced anti-HBs in immunosuppressed HBV-Tg. This approach may be of use to induce and maintain anti-HBs in immunosuppressed human HBV carriers.
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PMID:Production of hepatitis B surface antigen-pulsed dendritic cells from immunosuppressed murine hepatitis B virus carrier: evaluation of immunogenicity of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in vivo. 1556 19

Hepatitis B is one of most etiologies of Liver cirrhosis in China, and clinically lacks the effective strategy for Hepatitis B caused cirrhosis (HBC) therapy. As a complementary and alternative medicine, Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM) has special therapeutic effects for HBC. Here, we focus on the evolution process of HBC TCM syndromes, which was from Excessive (Liver-Gallbladder Dampness-Heat Syndrome, LGDHS) to Deficient (Liver-Kidney Deficiency Syndrome, LKYDS) via Excessive-Deficient syndrome (Liver-Depression and Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome, LDSDS). Using R package, 16 miRNAs in LGDHS/Normal, 48 miRNAs in LDSDS/LGDHS, and 16 miRNAs in LKYDS/LDSDS were identified, respectively. The miRNA-target networks show that the LDSDS was most stability and complicated. Subsequently, 4 kernel miRNAs with LGDHS-LDSDS process, and 5 kernel miRNAs with LDSDS-LKYDS process were screened. Using RT-qPCR data, p1 (hsa-miR-17-3p, -377-3p, -410-3p and -495) and p2 miRNA panel (hsa-miR-377-3p, -410-3p, -27a-3p, 149-5p and 940) were identified by Logistic Regression Model, which clearly improve the accuracy of TCM syndrome classification. The rebuilt miRNA-target network shows that the LDSDS is a critical point and might determine the evolution directions of HBC TCM syndrome. This study suggests that the identified kernel miRNAs act as potential biomarkers and benefit to evaluate the evolution tendency of HBC TCM syndromes.
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PMID:MiRNA-target network analysis identifies potential biomarkers for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome development evaluation in hepatitis B caused liver cirrhosis. 3233 18

In the last few years, notable technical progress has taken place in ultrasound elastography. Qualitative methods have been replaced by quantitative ones, such as: transient elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse and shear wave elastography. Owing to the fact that the spleen is superficially located, it is possible to obtain reliable measuring accuracy of its hardness using sonoelastography. Lately, many researchers have been investigating how spleen elasticity changes in patients infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus and in patients suffering from liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, esophageal varices or myelofibrosis. In this article, we review the role and current status of accessible qualitative ultrasound elastography methods, including recent advances in the evaluation of spleen stiffness and its clinical utility. As study results demonstrate, spleen stiffness correlates with liver fibrosis and is helpful in determining the level of fibrosis in the METAVIR scoring system. In patients infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, spleen stiffness increases even when liver elasticity remains unaltered. Furthermore, it is useful in diagnosing portal hypertension or predicting existence of esophageal varices. Moreover, in patients suffering from biliary atresia after Kasai portoenterostomy, spleen sonoelastography may be helpful in selecting patients for liver transplantation as well as for choosing the best strategy for portal vein reconstruction before liver transplantation. In myelofibrosis, spleen stiffness correlates with bone marrow fibrosis and may be used to assess the response to treatment. Spleen sonoelastography is also useful in the monitoring of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt function.
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PMID:Clinical applications of spleen ultrasound elastography - a review. 2984 39

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