Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in chronic HBsAg positive hepatitis with and without hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection was analysed in percutaneous liver biopsy specimens from 50 patients. Each specimen was divided into two--one part for histological evaluation and for the detection of HBcAg and delta antigen; the other part was tested for HBV-DNA using Southern blotting. Ten cases were of chronic lobular hepatitis, 10 of chronic persistent hepatitis, and 30 of chronic active hepatitis. Ten cases were delta antigen positive and showed high grade lobular activity but no evidence of HBV-DNA episomal forms or HBcAg reactivity. Twenty one cases showed HBV-DNA replicative intermediate forms; 19 had high grade lobular activity, which occurred in five cases without evidence of free viral DNA. Of the 21 biopsy specimens with HBV-DNA episomal forms, 14 were positive for HBcAg; only one of the 19 cases without detectable viral DNA was positive for such antigen. These data indicate that the presence of HBV or HDV active infection correlates with the histological finding of prominent lobular necrosis. Moreover, intrahepatic HBV-DNA seems to be a more sensitive marker than the presence of viral antigens for indicating HBV replication.
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PMID:Hepatitis B-DNA replication and histological patterns in liver biopsy specimens of chronic HBsAg positive patients with and without hepatitis delta virus superinfection. 276 Feb 30

Serum type-III procollagen aminopropeptide (PIIIP) has been considered a marker of hepatic fibrogenesis. In an attempt to evaluate the clinical significance of serum PIIIP in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases, the levels of the peptide were measured in 66 healthy adults and 200 patients with HBV-related liver diseases. As compared with the healthy adults (12.3 +/- 3.1 ng/ml), the serum PIIIP levels were significantly elevated in patients with acute hepatitis (17.4 +/- 6.6 ng/ml), chronic persistent hepatitis (18.3 +/- 4.9 ng/ml), and inactive liver cirrhosis (22.1 +/- 7.1 ng/ml). The PIIIP levels in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (33.9 +/- 23.1 ng/ml) were the highest among HBV-related liver diseases and had a tendency to increase with the severity of CAH. Of the liver-diseased patients with serum PIIIP levels greater than 30 ng/ml, 91% had a recent episode of severe hepatocellular damage, whereas 56% of patients with greatly elevated serum liver aminotransferase levels had no associated high increase in serum PIIIP levels. Thus, we suggest that fibrogenesis in HBV-related liver diseases is initiated by severe hepatocellular damage, but liver damage can also take place without prominent hepatic fibrogenesis. Serum PIIIP may be a serum marker to predict the active fibrogenesis of HBV-related liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum type-III procollagen aminopropeptide in hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. 276 52

Peripheral B and T cells sensitized to human serum albumin (HSA) were found in a cohort of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Throughout this study, two groups of symptomatic chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers could be distinguished, characterized by divergent T-cell regulation of the spontaneous IgG anti-HSA secretion. Patients in a quiescent phase of the disease [patients with chronic persistent hepatitis B (CPH), anti-HBe reactivity and absence of viral replication, group A] had circulatory in vivo HBsAg-HSA preactivated B cells with the capacity to secrete spontaneously IgG antibodies with specificity for HSA when isolated and cultured. The addition of autologous T lymphocytes at a T/B-cell ratio of 8.0 suppressed the spontaneous anti-HSA secretion. In contrast, patients in an active stage of the disease exhibited in vivo preactivated T cells exerting helper cell functions on the spontaneous IgG anti-HSA secretion. Memory T cells, sensitized to low concentrations of HBsAg-HSA with disparate regulatory functions, were also detectable in the two groups of patients.
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PMID:Regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B virus and human serum albumin. II. Spontaneous secretion of antibodies with specificity for albumin in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 278 25

Serum-soluble Tac peptide was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 12 patients with acute type B hepatitis, 33 patients with chronic type B hepatitis, and 15 age- and sex-matched controls. All 12 patients with acute type B hepatitis had elevated levels of soluble Tac peptide with a mean (+/- SD) of 1527 +/- 432 U/ml, significantly higher than that of normal controls (264 +/- 74 U/ml) or patients with chronic type B hepatitis (646 +/- 399 U/ml). Serial follow-up showed that serum levels of soluble Tac peptide tended to return to normal 2-4 months after onset of acute hepatitis along with the normalization of alanine aminotransferase and seroconversion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to anti-HBs. Patients with chronic type B hepatitis also had significantly higher levels of soluble Tac peptide than normal controls, although only 63.6% (21/33) of them had a level greater than the upper limit of normal. Serum levels of soluble Tac peptide in patients with chronic type B hepatitis varied considerably with the inflammatity in liver. The hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic active liver disease had significantly higher levels of soluble Tac peptide (928 +/- 424 U/ml) than HBeAg-positive (412 +/- 146 U/ml) or anti-HBe-positive (424 +/- 175 U/ml) patients with chronic persistent hepatitis or minimal histological change. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between serum levels of soluble Tac peptide and alanine aminotransferase. These findings suggested that activation of T cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic type B hepatitis. Assay of serum-soluble Tac peptide might provide a simple and useful means to better understand the immune mechanisms of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Serum levels of soluble Tac peptide in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 278 45

As many as 132 children with verified virus hepatitis were examined. Cortisol content in blood serum was measured and the parameters of cellular-humoral immunity were determined over time in the acute period and in the catamnesis up to 1 year. In the cyclic self-limiting forms of hepatitis B, the children developed immunologic unbalance with progressive hypercortisolemia, being an adequate reaction of the stressor systems and not requiring prednisolone administration. In protracted and chronic persistent hepatitis, the children developed immunosuppression and monotonous hypercortisolemia requiring short-term prednisolone treatment. The children afflicted with the grave and malignant forms of hepatitis B demonstrated, within the early times of the disease, secondary immunodeficiency and a considerable drop of cortisol content, demanding early prednisolone administration.
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PMID:[Cortisol level and immunosuppression in viral hepatitis B in children and the approach to its treatment with glucocorticoids]. 278 67

B-cell differential factor (BCDF) activities were determined in 58 patients with various types of hepatitis B. In comparison with normal subjects, BCDF activities were significantly increased in patients with FH and CAH (P less than 0.01), markedly decreased in HBsAg carriers (P less than 0.01) and presented no change in patients with CPH and AH. It is interesting that there was a significant positive correlation between BCDF activity and serum titer of anti-HBC or serum globulin levels. No correlation was observed between BCDF activity and serum anti-HBs levels. It is suggested that abnormal BCDF activity might attribute to aberration of immunoregulation of HBV infections.
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PMID:[B-cell differential factor (IL-6) in peripheral mononuclear cells in viral hepatitis B infections]. 280 37

As hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in renal transplant recipients is associated with a high incidence of progressive liver disease it may be inadvisable to transplant hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B antigenemia. To determine the natural history of HBV disease in hemodialysis patients, all 49 patients on hemodialysis treatment for at least 1 year, at 3 centers, who developed circulating hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG), were studied. A subgroup of these patients (n = 31) aged less than or equal to 50 years, followed for 55 +/- 6 months after detection of HBsAg was compared with 22 previously studied HBsAg-positive transplant patients followed for 81 +/- 9 months. Significantly more transplant patients developed chronic hepatitis defined biochemically (P less than .001) and none of the transplant patients became HBsAg-negative compared with 19% of the hemodialysis group. Taking difference in follow-up into account, mortality was significantly higher in the transplant recipients (P less than .005) following development of HBsAg antigenemia, and the mortality difference was attributable to deaths from liver disease. A total of 36 serum samples from 14 of the 22 HBsAg-positive renal transplant recipients was analyzed for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HD), and hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBVDNA) concentration. No serum sample was anti-HD-positive. Twelve of the 14 patients were HBeAg-positive. Five patients became HBeAg-negative, 3 of whom developed aggressive liver disease. One HBeAg-negative anti-HBe-positive patient had progression of liver disease from asymptomatic carrier status to chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Of 14 patients, 9 developed progressive CAH. HBVDNA concentration was not diagnostic of disease activity on liver biopsy. However only 1 sample of 10 measured in 5 patients with nonprogressive disease had a level greater than 100 pg/L, compared with 9 of 17 in the group who progressed to CAH. During the interval when the liver histology progressed from asymptomatic carriage or chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) to CAH, the HBVDNA concentration increased by greater than 10 times baseline in 4 of 5 patients who had serial samples, whereas this did not occur in 4 patients with nonprogressive disease. We conclude that the long-term outcome of hepatitis B infection in transplant recipients is significantly worse than in hemodialysis patients. Therefore it may be inadvisable to transplant HBsAg-positive hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis B disease in dialysis and transplant patients. Further epidemiologic and serologic studies. 282 93

In 272 patients with virus hepatitis A and B the content of theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes (T-suppressors) and theophylline-resistant lymphocytes (T-helpers) in the peripheral blood was determined. Differences in the content of T-suppressors in cases of acute virus hepatitis A and B with an equal degree of severity were revealed: at the peak of hepatitis A infection in the mild form of the disease the number of the cells was decreased, while at the peak of hepatitis B infection an increase in their number was observed in the mild and moderate forms of the disease and a decrease, in the severe form of the disease. In chronic persistent hepatitis a decrease in the content of T-suppressors and an increase in the content of T-helpers were observed, and in chronic active hepatitis (at the period of remission) and increase in the T-helpers occurred. Changes in the content of the cells of both types are not characteristic of HBsAg carriership.
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PMID:[Characteristics of immune response regulation in viral hepatitis A and B]. 293 78

To investigate the relationship between liver damage and immune regulation in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 68 patients with HBsAg in serum and a spectrum of liver damage have been studied and compared with 25 controls. In HBsAg carriers, spontaneous IgG production was elevated only in those with chronic active hepatitis (P less than 0.05) whilst those with less severe inflammation had values comparable to normals. Concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor cell regulation of IgG producing cells was impaired in those with chronic active hepatitis (P less than 0.01) and those with chronic persistent hepatitis (P = 0.05) and there was a correlation in both groups of patients with the severity of portal tract inflammation (P less than 0.05). In contrast those with minimal liver damage had values in the normal range. Patients presenting with acute hepatitis B also had elevated spontaneous IgG production (P less than 0.01) and impaired Con A induced suppressor cell regulation of IgG production (P less than 0.01). Sequential study of three patients prior to the detection of HBsAg in serum and subsequently during and after acute hepatitis B showed that such abnormalities were transient and closely related to the onset of liver damage.
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PMID:In vitro study of IgG production and concanavalin A induced suppressor cell function in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 294 23

The high rate of infection with hepatitis B virus in certain defined populations in industralized countries and among the general population in many non-industrialized countries stresses the need for hepatitis B vaccines. Hepatitis B, one of at least six different forms of viral hepatitis, may progress to chronic liver disease, including chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Primary liver cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world today. Immunization against hepatitis B is required therefore for groups at high risk of infection according to epidemiological patterns, socioeconomic factors, cultural and sexual practices and the environment.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccines. 295 11


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