Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period between January 1975 and August 1976, 203 liver biopsies were received at the Singapore General Hospital from patients with a variety of liver diseases. A histological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis was made in 29 patients: 13 cases of Chronic Aggressive Hepatitis (C.A.H.). 10 cases Chronic Persistent Hepatitis (C.P.H.) and 6 of Chronic Lobular Hepatitis (C.L.H.). C.P.H. and C.L.H. were found mainly in the third and fourth decades. C.A.H. was more common in the fifth to seventh decades and occurred principally in females. Hepatitis B antigenaemia was detected in 48.3% of these cases using the immunoelectroosmophoresis (EOP) technique and showed an even scatter in all histological sub-types. Using the reverse passive haemagglutination (rPHA) method for detection by HBs antigen and the radioelectrocomplexing (REC) method for anti-HBs, an immune sub-group (HBs Ag+/anti-HBs+) was identified in greater proportions in C.A.H. and C.P.H. compared to normal controls. This was interpreted to mean that these patients suffered from a primary immunodeficiency characterized by failure of production of high avidity anti-HBs with resulting failure to clear HBsAg leading to perpetuation of liver damage due to circulating immune complexes. It is also suggested that patients with C.P.H. belonging to this immune sub-group may progress to C.A.H. with its more ominous prognosis.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody status in biopsy proven chronic hepatitis in Singapore. 52 86

The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis, acute hepatitis B and rheumatoid arthritis as well as from normal controls was studied in a microcytotoxicity assay according to COHEN et al. using 125I-iododeoxyuridine labeled embryonal liver cells and Chang cells as target cells. Unfractionated lymphocytes of the peripheral blood from patients with chronic active hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis showed a high frequency of cytotoxic activity. The lymphocytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis was significantly increased in comparison to normal controls at the EC/TC of 10:1 and 100:1. Specificity of the cytotoxic reaction to target cells could not be demonstrated. Addition of autologous serum to the cytotoxic assay blocked the lymphocytotoxicity in patients with chronic active hepatitis. A weak potentiating effect on lymphocytotoxicity was observed in patients with hepatitis B after addition of autologous serum. It is discussed that this reaction is due to the presence of HB-antigen in the serum since addition of HB-antigen from other sources increased also the lymphocytotoxicity in hepatitis B patients. This effect was observed neither in HB-antigen positive nor in HB-antigen negative patients with chronic active hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatisis.
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PMID:Studies on lymphocytotoxicity in acute and chronic liver disease. 60 46

168 HBAg seropositive and 105 HBAg seronegative liver biopsies were studied for correlations between anti-HBc titers (indirect immunofluorescence method) and tissue expression of HBsAg and HBcAg (immunofluorescence), Dane particles in blood (immune electron microscopy) and inflammatory reaction. 98.8% of the HBAg seropositive patients were positive for anti-HBc. The mean titers showed statistically significant differences mainly between chronic aggressive hepatitis (1:2(11.3)) versus lobular hepatitis (1:2(10.1)), chronic persistent hepatitis (1:2(9.9)) and nonspecific reactive hepatitis (1:2(7.6)). Due to the considerable deviation of titers within the histological groups, however, titers below 1:2(11) are of low diagnostic relevance, whereas titers above 1:2(12) are mainly indicative of chronic aggressive hepatitis, although acute lobular hepatitis with signs of possible transition to chronicity or chronic persistent hepatitis with strong inflammatory activity may occur. Among HBAg seronegative patients 20% were positive for anti-HBc (mean titer = 1:2(7.7)). Among 78 patients also tested for anti-HBs, 10.2% were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. In an additional 12.8%, anti-HBc was the only marker of past hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBs was the only marker in a further 33%. In none of the HBAg seronegative patients and in only 59% of all HBAg seropositive patients, there was an association of anti-HBc with complete virus synthesis as measured by the demonstration of HBcAg in tissue or Dane particles in blood. It is concluded that anti-HBc is not a criterion of infectiosity but a specific, although non-characteristic, marker for HBAg seropositive acute and chronic hepatitis as well as for terminated HBV infection of all possible inflammatory and HBAg expression types.
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PMID:[Anti-HBc within the framework of hepatitis B virus infection: correlation to the form of inflammation and to the viral expression]. 62 36

Discrimination between hepatitis A and B is becoming easier as the serologic and clinical characteristics of each type become better known. Hepatitis A is generally a benign pediatric illness with few sequelae. In contrast, hepatitis B is more often associated with complications and may progress to chronic liver disease in as many as 10% of cases. Chronic persistent hepatitis appears to be a benign disorder not requiring therapy. Occasionally related etiologically to virus B, chronic active hepatitis is often associated with severe clinical illness. However, it generally responds to steroid therapy, at least initially, and may be arrested or cured.
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PMID:Acute and chronic hepatitis in children. 62 29

A study was made of latent hepatic diseases in university students. 1.4% to 1.6% of the students were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 10.3% for anti-HBs. Of 28 students with HBs-antigenemia, 2 had chronic persistent hepatitis, and 3 minimal hepatitis, 23 being healthy carriers. Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) was detected in 44% of the students with HBsAg, and anti-HBe in 13%. Anti-HBe was significantly more frequently found in female students with HBsAg than in male students. Though most of the students with HBsAg had high titer of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), there were a small number of cases showing low titer. HBsAg and anti-HBs was detected in the same serum specimens of 2 carrier students. Liver damage was also found in 3 students without HBs-antigenemia.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in university students. 66 37

In order to assess the frequency of significant liver disease in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with normal liver tests, 54 such individuals were identified and prospectively followed for 4 to 48 months with monthly liver tests. Upon testing, 4 were found to carry e antigen and 14 carried e antibody (anti-e). During follow-up, only 4 patients, none of whom were e antigen-positive, developed persisting abnormalities in liver tests. Of the 23 patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsies, normal histologies were found in 2, nonspecific changes (ground glass hepatocytes, focal necrosis, fatty changes, etc.) in 18, and chronic persistent hepatitis (with or without other nonspecific changes) in 3. Chronic active hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, lesions which may carry more serious prognostic implications, were not seen in any biopsies. Two of the 4 e antigen-positive patients consented to biopsy, both of whom had chronic persistent hepatitis. All 6 patients with anti-e who underwent biopsy had ground glass hepatocytes, which were found in only about 50% of the remaining patients. It is concluded that hepatitis B surface antigen carriers should be followed with serial liver tests, and those whom tests remain normal should not be considered for liver biopsy.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen carriers--to biopsy or not to biopsy. 70 Mar 27

Dane particles-associated hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 61 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HGsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis. HBc antigenemia was observed in 61% of patients, especially in those with epidemiological risk factors. Patients with chronic active hepatitis as well as those with chronic persistent hepatitis may have HBc antigenemia. The highest levels of HBcAg were observed in male homosexuals. Follow-up determinations indicate the general tendency of HBcAg to decrease or disappear. HBcAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis had a poor prognosis, whereas HBcAg-negative patients frequently had a favorable clinical course of the disease (P less than 0.001). The assay of HBcAg in the serum of patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis is a useful parameter with both clinical and epidemiological importance.
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PMID:Dane particles-associated hepatitis B core antigen in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis. 70 Mar 28

Twelve patients on haemodialysis for 6 months to 3 years contracted AgHBs positive hepatitis, 9 being also Ag e positive. They continued to carry the same antigens. Histological surveillance was begun from the 6th month of the disease onwards, with 2 to 4 repeated biopsies in 1,5 to 3,5 years in 9 patients, the last 3 having only one biopsy between the 8th and the 15th month. In 6 patients, the first biopsy revealed chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and in other 6 (5 male and 1 female) chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH). Subsequent biopsies revealed cirrhosis in a patient treated with alphamethyldopa (Ag e +), the absence of any changes in 7 other patients (4 CPH including 3 Ag e + and 3 CAH including 2 Ag e +), and an improvement in the last. Long term surveillance of hepatitis B by repeated biopsies in haemodialysed patients reveals that histological lesions are stable at 2 years, that certain drugs may have an aggravating role and that Ag e has no prognostic value.
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PMID:[B virus chronic hepatitis in the haemodialysed uraemic patient. Correlation between hepatic lesions and the presence of antigen e in 12 patients (author's transl)]. 71 64

Anti-HBc, the antibody to core antigen of hepatitis B virions, was assayed by a new solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay inhibition method in the sera of 26 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The sensitivity of the method was validated by finding anti-Hb titers averaging greater than 1:1000 in a group of 8 chronically HBsAG-positive individuals, 4 of whom had chronic persistent hepatitis and 4 of whom had no histological or biochemical evidence of liver disease. However, anti-HBc was not detectable in any of the 26 patients with HBsAg-negative CAH. Sera from 2 of the 31 PBC patients contained anti-HBc but only in low titers, a distribution of anti-HBc similar to that found among a comparison group of medical personnel. Anti-HBc testing among PBC patients and control subjects identified a few persons in whom negative tests for HBsAg and anti-HBs failed to identify previous hepatitis B infections. Nevertheless, the uniformly negative tests for anti-HBc among our HBsAg-negative patients with CAH provide additional evidence that this subgroup, typically young-middle age females, seldom derive CAH from hepatitis B infection.
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PMID:Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: evaluation by a new autologous solid phase radioimmunoassay. 83 11

The sensitivities of three technqiues used to detect serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were compared in 411 patients with various types of chronic liver disease. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis proved an unreliable test. Two haemagglutination technqiues were slightly less sensitive than radioimmunoassay but were more rapidly performed. Less sensitive techniques were particularly unreliable in active liver disease where HBsAg titres were low. HBsAg was detected in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, chronic active liver disease with or without cirrhosis, and primary liver cell carcinoma. Forty-six of the 68 (68%) HBsAg positive subjects were males coming from outside the United Kingdom. The HBsAg titres in 13 subjects with chronic persistent hepatitis were significantly higher (P less than 0-001) than those in 43 subjects with chronic active liver disease. Corticosteroid therapy did not alter the HBsAg titre significantly. None of the 28 HBsAg positive subjects studied serially for up to two years cleared HBsAg from the serum. Anti-HBs was examined by passive haemagglutination and found in 35 subjects, 26 of whom had no evidence of liver disease, 80% came from abroad. Anti-HBs was believed to be of epidemiological rather than of pathological importance.
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PMID:Detection, by three techniques, of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and determination of HBsAg and anti-HBs titres in patients with chronic liver disease. 83 98


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