Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) and antibody (anti-HBs), and antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen ( anti-HBc) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 46 current or former narcotic users who underwent liver biopsy for evaluation of chronic liver disease. Significant alcohol abuse was found in 38 narcotic users (82.6%). On liver biopsy, 24 had cirrhosis (52.2%), nine had chronic active hepatitis (19.6%), five had lipid accumulation (10.9%) and eight had other diagnoses (17.4%). At least one marker for hepatitis B was found in 45 of 46 narcotic users (97.8%). Five had HBsAg and anti HBc (10.9%), one had anti-HBs alone (2.2%), 30 had anti-HBs and anti-HBc (65.2%) and nine had anti-HBc alone. Although almost all narcotic users with chronic liver disease have active or resolved hepatitis B infection, alcohol abuse appears to be the major factor in the development of cirrhosis in the subset of narcotic users studied.
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PMID:Hepatitis B serologic studies in narcotic users with chronic liver disease. 723 35

We designed a multicenter cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of alcohol abuse, the hepatitis viruses and other pathogenic factors in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 1,829 consecutive cirrhosis patients, with or without HCC, was enrolled over 6 mo in 21 centers throughout Italy. The etiological categories and diagnostic criteria were preestablished. The median age of the patients was 59 yr (range, 13 to 85 yr); 63.6% of the patients were graded as Child class A, 23.4% as Child class B and 13% as Child class C. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 72.1% of cases (47.7% alone, 21.2% with alcohol abuse, 3.2% with hepatitis B virus); HBsAg was present in 13.8% (4.2% alone, 3.2% with hepatitis D virus, 3.2% with hepatitis C virus, 3% with alcohol abuse), alcohol abuse with no concomitant viral infection was recorded in 8.7%, primary biliary cirrhosis was found in 1.8%, other causes were found in 1.4% and cryptogenic cirrhosis was only present in 5.3%. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 11.9% of patients (217 cases). The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was more frequent in males than females (14.7% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001) and increased with worsening Child class (8.3% in Child class A, 16.9% in Child class B, 19.9% in Child class C, p < 0.001). The highest prevalences of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed in hepatitis B virus infection, with or without alcohol abuse (20% and 16%, respectively) and in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, with or without alcohol abuse (16% and 10.3%, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. 752 73

The aim of the present was to define prognosis and life expectancy in patients with chronic liver disease of different etiologies and to relate them to an age- and sex-matched normal population. After a follow-up of 15 years, life expectancy of 620 patients with chronic liver disease was retrospectively calculated and compared with an age- and sex-matched normal population. Among patients with cirrhosis, prognosis was dependent upon Child classification (P = 0.001). Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and fatty liver disease were younger (P = 0.01) and had a lower life expectancy than patients with other causes of chronic liver disease (P = 0.004). Patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C cirrhosis showed a comparable prognosis and a significantly lower life expectancy than the age- and sex-matched population. Cryptogenic and autoimmune liver diseases showed a comparable life expectancy but a significantly shorter life expectancy than the normal population. In patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency-associated cirrhosis, a high viral coinfection rate was found (P = 0.01). For patients with noncirrhotic hemochromatosis, prognosis was poorer than that for the age- and sex-matched population. In patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis B, and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency without cirrhosis, life expectancy was equal to that of the normal population. Prognosis and life expectancy in chronic liver disease depend on stage, cause, and symptoms of chronic liver disease; age; and possibilities of treatment. In patients with hereditary liver disease, additional viral infection of alcohol abuse lead to a significant deterioration of life expectancy. Patients with alcoholic chronic liver disease have the poorest prognosis.
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PMID:Prognosis and life expectancy in chronic liver disease. 764 84

A double case control study evaluated the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcohol drinking, and tobacco smoking as potential risk factors for cepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifty-one patients with HCC, 34 of whom had underlying cirrhosis, were analyzed against 51 hospital controls and 34 patients with cirrhosis, respectively. Sera from patients of all three groups were tested for HBV markers and anti-HCV antibodies. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect HCV RNA in the anti-HCV-positive samples. Alcohol drinking and smoking habits were recorded for all patients. HCC risk was significantly related to the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [relative risk (RR) = 18], HCV infection (RR = 8), and alcohol abuse (RR = 4). When the presence of cirrhosis was taken into account, only HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with HCC development (RR = 6.7), indicating that HCV infection and alcohol abuse are related to HCC indirectly through the cirrhotic process. No significant interaction between HCV and HBV infection in the causation of HCC was found. Through the computation of population-attributable risk, it was found that 46% of the HCC cases in Greece could be attributed to HBsAg positivity but only 4% to HCV infection. In conclusion, HBV infection is the major risk factor in the development of HCC in Greece, either by inducing cirrhosis or by direct oncogenic effect. HCV infection is also related to HCC development, albeit indirectly through the cirrhotic process.
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PMID:The leading role of hepatitis B and C viruses as risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. A case control study. 779 31

Data on the prevalence of chronic liver disease, derived from selected series of hospitalized patients or from mortality registers, underestimate the prevalence of chronic liver disease. The Dionysos Study is a cohort study that investigated for the first time the prevalence of chronic liver disease in a general population. All the citizens of two towns in northern Italy, Campogalliano and Cormons, aged 12 to 65 yr were contacted by letter. From March 1991 through March 1993, 6,917 of a total of 10,150 citizens were enrolled (compliance, 69%). The standardized protocol for each enrollee included (a) a color-illustrated food questionnaire on dietary habits and alcohol intake; (b) a detailed medical history, including questions on risk factors for chronic liver disease; (c) a physical examination; and (d) blood tests for AST, ALT, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, mean cell volume, platelet count and hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus markers. Signs suggestive of chronic liver disease were seen in 21.3% of the subjects, and who then underwent further liver function tests, upper abdominal ultrasonography and, when necessary, liver biopsy. Persistent signs of chronic liver disease were present in 17.5% of the subjects, including 1.1% with cirrhosis and 0.07% with hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus positivity (second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were 1.3% and 3.2%, respectively. Alcohol abuse was the etiological agent in 23%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic liver disease in the general population of northern Italy: the Dionysos Study. 798 43

In a consecutive series of 317 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 (10.1%) had 35 extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) (3 patients had triple cancers). Twenty-five PMNs occurred before the diagnosis of HCC, 7 were synchronous and 3 metachronous. These 35 PMNs were: 6 cancers of the colon, 3 of the stomach, 1 of the rectum, 4 of the breast, 2 of the lung, 1 of the larynx, 3 of the prostate, 1 of the penis, 1 of the urinary bladder, 1 of the uterus, 2 of the skin, and the remaining 10 were immunoproliferative cancers, all of B cell origin (7 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 multiple myeloma, and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Thus, in this series, B-lymphocyte-derived neoplasms were the most frequent PMNs associated with HCC. These 10 patients showed no difference for age, male:female ratio, HCC cytotype, presence of cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, markers related to hepatitis B and C virus, and serum level of alpha-fetoprotein when compared with the 22 patients with HCC and other PMNs and the 285 with HCC alone. B cell neoplasms constitute half of the synchronous or metachronous cancers, and must, therefore, be kept in mind in the management of HCC patients.
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PMID:Extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: high occurrence of B cell tumors. 805 89

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined in 105 patients with biopsy-proven chronic liver disease and 128 comparison patients without any evidence of liver pathology living in Lima, Peru. Using a second-generation EIA screening and supplemental immunoblot assay, anti-HCV was detected in four of 13 patients with chronic hepatitis, in 11% of 85 patients with cirrhosis, and in none of seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Only two (1.6%) comparison patients without liver disease had anti-HCV. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in 23% of patients with chronic hepatitis, 12% of patients with cirrhosis, and three of seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse (reported by one-third of subjects) in 48% of chronic liver disease patients. These preliminary data suggest that among this South American population neither hepatitis B nor hepatitis C infection is the predominate cause of chronic liver disease and that other infectious or environmental factors may be important.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in Peru: role of viral hepatitis. 815 7

Twelve years after receiving radiation therapy with thorium X (280 microCi) for long-standing Bechterew's disease (ankylosing spondylitis) a 52-year-old man was found, by ultrasonography and computed tomography, to have a round mass, 11 x 12 cm, in the left lobe of the liver. Laparoscopy discovered coarse, discoloured nodes on the surface of the right and left lobes of the liver which histologically showed hepatocellular carcinoma. There were no known risk factor for liver carcinoma (like cirrhosis, positive hepatitis B serology, alcohol abuse, haemochromatosis or alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency). As exploratory laparotomy found the tumour to be inoperable, 15 chemotherapeutic embolizations were performed. An abdominal wall metastasis was resected after 17 months. At the time of this report, 20 months after the diagnosis was first made, the patient is in a poor general condition. Internal radiotherapy with thorium X was used, all else having failed, in the treatment of severe ankylosing spondylitis. Although it is not possible to prove a direct causal relationship between the thorium X radiation and development of a liver carcinoma, the coincidence is remarkable.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma following intravenous thorium X therapy]. 818 11

To assess whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is associated with particular risk factors, a retrospective, case-control study was performed. Eighty-six patients with HCC (90% had underlying cirrhosis of the liver) were compared with 86 controls who had cirrhosis but not hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were evaluated; and alcohol and nicotine abuse were assessed by history. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was similar in both, case and control patients. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus were detected more frequently among patients with HCC and cirrhosis (37%) compared to cirrhosis alone (22%). Alcohol abuse was found more frequently in patients with cirrhosis alone. Smoking habits were comparable between the two groups. None of the tested variables were related to an increased risk for HCC. Using an ordinary logistic regression approach, none of the variables could be identified as an independent risk factor for HCC. However, the combination of hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis C virus infection was more prevalent in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis (48%) when compared to patients with cirrhosis alone (13%) (odds ratio 6.364; CI 1.149-35.229). In conclusion, we failed to identify independent risk factors for the development of HCC in Germany. However, the combination of hepatitis B and C virus infection increases the risk for liver cancer. Molecular analyses have to be performed to elucidate viral hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Evaluation of viral and other risk factors in a low-endemic area for hepatitis B and C. 819 9

A medical technology assessment of the liver transplantation programme of Groningen University Hospital, which was commissioned by the Dutch National Health Insurance Board, is discussed. The results of all 152 liver transplantations performed between 1979 and November 1990 were analysed. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of liver transplantation. Five years after transplantation 59% of the adult patients were still alive. The survival probability depended greatly on the primary liver disease. Mortality and morbidity occurred mainly within the first year after transplantation. Thereafter the prospects for the patients were excellent, with regard to both the probability of survival and the quality of life. The costs of liver transplantation could be calculated only for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and other forms of biliary cirrhosis, not caused by hepatitis B infection or alcohol abuse. For these patients the costs of a liver transplantation were estimated at HFl. 263,000--(with a 10% margin), 10 years of follow-up included and corrected for the costs that would have been made for the treatment of the liver disease. For this population of patients a liver transplantation costs between Hfl. 64,000--and Hfl. 79,000--per life year gained, 10 years of follow-up included. Costs of cyclosporin still take up a major part of the costs. The need for liver transplantation in the Netherlands was estimated at between 35 and 126 transplantations per year, depending on indications, contraindications, referral policy and the percentage of retransplantations.
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PMID:[Cost-effectiveness analysis of long-term liver transplantation; the liver transplantation program of Groningen 1979-1991]. 849 32


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