Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis B has long been recognized as hyperendemic among persons residing in the western Pacific. Effective control strategies have not been described. From December 1988 through October 1989, the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) conducted a campaign to immunize children through age 6 years with three doses of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. In addition, HB vaccination was incorporated into the routine immunization schedule for all children born in FSM, with the first dose given to newborns. Between December 1988 and October 1989, a total of 64,085 doses of HB vaccine were administered to the children. After the start of the campaign, the subject group was enlarged to include children through 15 years of age in the States of Yap and Kosrae. Fifty-nine percent of the enlarged group in all States received a complete series of HB vaccinations. During each client encounter, individual immunization records were examined and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, oral polio vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella antigens were administered to children who were not adequately immunized. The annual immunization assessment for 1990 showed coverage improved significantly from previous years in every FSM State.
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PMID:The hepatitis B immunization campaign for children in the Federated States of Micronesia. 141 Feb 37

Dramatic changes have been made in the recommended schedule for immunizations, and for a variety of reasons: greater understanding of risks associated with whole-cell pertussis vaccine; introduction of more immunogenic vaccines to prevent invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B; a national epidemic of measles that affected many vaccinated individuals; and the failure of targeted use of vaccine in high-risk patients to reduce the occurrence of hepatitis B. Additional changes in recommended regimens can be anticipated as new products are introduced. However, for vaccines to have their greatest impact, improved adherence to recommended immunization practices is necessary.
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PMID:Recent developments in vaccines and immunization practices. 148 May 5

During the 1970s and the early 1980s, immunization practices in the United States were unchanged. Immunization against pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, and polio were routinely administered to children. Infections with these organisms declined dramatically. Nonetheless, research was vigorous, culminating in the 1980s in new vaccines and changes in immunization strategies and practices. This presentation will focus on these changes: universal hepatitis B immunization; two-dose schedule for the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, Hemophilus influenza type B vaccine for infants, acellular pertussis vaccine as booster immunizations, the inactivated polio vaccine, and the yet-to-be-licensed live varicella vaccine.
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PMID:Immunization update. 149 Jun 20

Family physicians can play a key role in reversing the resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses by making sure that patients are fully immunized. Childhood immunization schedules have recently changed. A second dose of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine should be given at age four to six years. It has been recommended that hepatitis B vaccine be administered routinely to all infants in the United States. Both hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be given to offspring of hepatitis B carriers. Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) should be administered to all infants, beginning at two months of age. Vaccines can be safely administered to patients with mild illnesses, allergic rhinitis, low-grade fever or penicillin allergy, as well as to those taking antibiotics. If indicated, several vaccines, such as diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, oral poliovirus, HbCV and MMR, can be given simultaneously.
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PMID:Childhood immunizations: a practical approach for clinicians. 155 51

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

We studied the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine integrated with of EPI. 180 children (0-9 months of age) from three towns of Shunde County were randomly divided in to three groups (two trial groups and one control group). Which were vaccinated by three different immunization schedule. The serum antibodies to different vaccines were measured before and after immunization. The results show that the seroconversion rate and GMT of each EPI vaccine are conformed with the expected EPI indexes. The seroconversion rate of anti-HBs antibody is found no significantly different among the three groups. The titres of pertussis agglutinating and three types polio neutralizing antibody is higher in trial groups than that in the control group. We conclude that the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine can be integrated into the EPI schedule. And third dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be simultaneously given with measles vaccine.
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PMID:[Immunization of hepatitis B vaccine integrated with expanded program on immunization schedule in children]. 158 48

On June 13, 1991, President George Bush announced in a White House ceremony a local planning effort to break down barriers and provide better access to immunization in six representative localities "to solve the problem of late immunization." (children need to be immunized appropriately by their second birthday, not just in time for school.). The community "Immunization Action Plans" (IAP) are one of several Federal, State, and local responses to an outbreak of measles that produced 27,600 cases and 89 deaths in 1990. The community effort and subsequent early childhood immunization plans around the country are also part of a much broader effort initiated by Secretary Sullivan as a Healthy People Year 2000 goal to increase immunization levels to at least 90 percent for the nation's children by their second birthday. These efforts also respond to 13 recommendations for improving immunization availability made by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee in January 1991. The recommendations focused on improvements in the management of immunization delivery and in methods for measuring immunization status, increasing appropriate consumer demand, and other prevention needs. Although measles prompted the action, the immunization initiative is aimed also at eight other communicable childhood diseases--diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or whooping cough, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubella, and Haemophilus influenza type b that causes bacterial meningitis, and hepatitis B. Details are described of the immunization action plans developed by Dallas, TX; Maricopa County (Phoenix), AZ; South Dakota; Detroit, MI; San Diego, CA; and Philadelphia, PA, to ensure that children are fully immunized not just by the time they enter school but by age 2 years. The six were chosen by the Centers for Disease Control as representative of many without adequate childhood immunization coverage.
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PMID:Six areas lead national early immunization drive. 159 33

New vaccine developments will reflect achievements of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), as well as resistance from the public toward increasing numbers of vaccines. WHO's EPI program has concentrated on tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and measles. 35 countries are attempting to control hepatitis B with universal vaccination. Now some countries are also recommending vaccination against Haemophilus influenza, mumps, and rubella. The complexity of multiple injections has prompted new research on acellular vaccines for pertussis, hepatitis A and B, varicella, and malaria. Combined vaccines and new adjuvants are also targets of intense research. Vaccines are a priority, because they are among the most cost-effective of medical interventions.
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PMID:New developments in vaccinology. 163 65

Epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the Bordetella pertussis outer membrane protein P.69 (pertactin) were mapped using a series of amino- and carboxy-terminal deletion mutants expressed in Escherichia coli. mAb were found to bind predominantly to a region of pertactin spanning a (Pro-Gln-Pro)5 repeat motif and one mAb was found to bind to another region spanning a (Gly-Gly-Xaa-Xaa-Pro)5 repeat motif. To localize further the mAb-binding sites, a panel of synthetic peptides, a series of 94 overlapping hexameric peptides, and a P.69 30-amino acid fusion to a hepatitis B core protein (HBcAg-69), were synthesized. This combined approach has identified the binding site for the mAb BBO5: Pro-Gly-Pro-Gln-Pro-Pro; mAb BBO7, E4A8 and E4D7: Ala-Pro-Gln-Pro-Pro-Ala-Gly-Arg; and mAb BPE3: Thr-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Ala-Glu-Ser-Asn-Ala-Leu-Ser-Lys-Arg. We have used a non-lethal murine respiratory model of B. pertussis infection to investigate the ability of a peptide containing the epitope of the mAb BBO5 to elicit protective immunity. Immunization of mice with the HBcAg-69 protein prevented growth of B. pertussis in the lungs compared to mice receiving HBcAg alone, and protection correlated with high titers of anti-P.69 antibodies.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of a protective immunodominant B cell epitope of pertactin (P.69) from Bordetella pertussis. 170 65

Intraperitoneal injection of adsorbed diphtheria-purified pertussis-tetanus combined vaccine (DPPT) often causes an ascites-accumulating (A-A) reaction in guinea pigs. Those vaccines which caused A-A reaction increase the vascular permeability (VP) of the skin tissue at the intracutaneous injection sites. A total of 23 lots of DPPT were assayed for A-A and VP-increasing activities. A positive correlation between the volume of ascites accumulated and the intensity of VP was significant. Other kinds of aluminum-adsorbed (Al-Ad) vaccines such as Al-Ad tetanus and Al-Ad diphtheria-tetanus combined and Al-Ad hepatitis B vaccines induced little or no A-A reaction. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of quality control in the process of the production of DPPT.
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PMID:Accumulation of ascites and increase in skin vascular permeability observed by injection of adsorbed diphtheria-purified pertussis-tetanus combined vaccine in guinea pigs. 180 65


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