Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the sera of 217 patients with uveitis the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM as well as beta1A (a measurable metabolic product of the third component of complement) were measured by radial immunodiffusion. IgG was below normal levels in 12% of the patients, IgM was increased in 12%, while reduced beta1A concentrations could be found in 28%. 95 sera were also tested for the presence of antibodies against cell nuclei, smooth muscle and thyroglobulin. There was no significantly increased incidence of any of these antibodies. The data were interpreted as not being in favor of the hypothesis that autoimmune phenomena play a key role in the pathogenesis of uveitis. An unexpected finding was the high frequency of hepatitis B antigen (13%) and corresponding antibodies (23%) in sera of uveitis patients compared to other hospitalized patients and blood donors. At present, there is no explanation for this phenomenon.
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PMID:Nonspecific immune parameters and hepatitis B antigens in patients with uveitis. 108 42

S-Antigen (S-Ag) is a well characterized 45,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis, a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and of the pineal gland. In this study we found an amino acid sequence homology between a uveitopathogenic site of S-Ag, several viral proteins and one additional nonviral protein. An experimental autoimmune uveitis and pinealitis was induced in Lewis rats with these different synthetic peptides, corresponding to the amino sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, gag-pol polyprotein of Baboon endogenous virus and gag-pol polyprotein of AKV murine leukemia virus and potato proteinase inhibitor IIa, which contain three or more consecutive amino acids identical to peptide M in S-Ag. Lymph node cells from rats immunized with either peptide M or the different synthetic peptides showed a significant degree of cross-reaction. Mononuclear cells from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) immunized with peptide M also showed significant proliferation when incubated with either peptide M or synthetic peptides as measured by in vitro lymphocyte mitogenesis assay using [3H]TdR. Based on our findings we conclude that a viral infection may sensitize the mononuclear cells that can cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoantigenic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response.
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PMID:Molecular mimicry between a uveitopathogenic site of S-antigen and viral peptides. Induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. 168 49

Retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in laboratory animals. EAU may serve as an animal model for studying human uveitis. As a first step we have determined the nucleotide sequence of an S-Ag gene and its cDNAs. The amino acid sequences were deduced from the cDNAs of various animals and human. Four uveitopathogenic sites in bovine S-Ag were characterized. One of the sites (peptide M) has sequence homology with non-self proteins from baker's yeast, potato, E. coli, hepatitis B virus, moloney murine leukemia virus, Moloney murine sarcoma virus, AKR murine leukemia virus and baboon endogenous virus. Mononuclear cells from animals immunized with peptide M showed significant proliferation when incubated with synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequences of the above-mentioned foreign proteins. In addition, all the peptides induced EAU in Lewis rats with a dose of 10-2000 micrograms. Moreover, native histone H3 from baker's yeast histone H3 induced EAU in Lewis rats. Thus, we found several examples of antigenic mimicry between self and non-self proteins. These findings establish a base to study further the mechanism of autoimmune inflammation.
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PMID:S-antigen: from gene to autoimmune uveitis. 219 11

A case is reported of secondary syphilis with ocular signs in a patient who had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B infections and from whose urine cytomegalovirus was cultivated. Treatment with penicillin resulted in rapid recovery from his retinitis and uveitis. The case highlights the importance of testing for syphilis in all patients with HIV infection.
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PMID:Syphilitic retinitis in a homosexual man with concurrent HIV infection: case report. 280 82

The aetiology of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in the great majority of cases is unclear. Various infective agents have been postulated, however, as playing a direct or indirect part in the disease process, possibly via an immune-complex vasculitis. In an earlier study we concluded that, contrary to a previous report, hepatitis B virus (HBV) played only a small role, if any, in the pathogenesis of uveitis in Great Britain. Since we did not look for other markers of HBV infection other than hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), it is possible that some cases of recent HBV infection may have been missed. In the present study 49 patients with AAU were tested for markers of hepatitis B infection. Sera from all patients tested were found to be negative for HBsAg and for antibody to the HBV core (anti-HBc), excluding HBV as a significant cause of AAU in this country. Since the quest for an infective agent in AAU may remain unproductive, future research on the aetiopathogenesis of AAU should include the study of tissue 'vulnerability' and the local and systemic immunoregulatory factors which modulate inflammatory responses.
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PMID:Acute anterior uveitis and hepatitis B virus infection. 654 Jan 15

Viruses have been demonstrated or suspected as the causative agents of various types of uveitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), apart from causing hepatitis, has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis, for example in glomerulonephritis and polyarteritis nodosa. It is therefore possible to postulate that a similar vasculitic process might occur in the eye leading to intraocular inflammation. A recent report from Switzerland suggests that HBV may be implicated in the aetiology of uveitis, as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 13% of cases of uveitis. Since the status of HBV in the aetiology of uveitis in Great Britain has not been investigated, we have examined serum from 200 cases of uveitis of various clinical types for the presence of circulating HBsAg. Only 4 cases (2%) were found to be HBsAg positive. This study failed, therefore, to confirm HBV as an important cause of uveitis in this country, but one cannot exclude the possibility that it may play a pathogenetic role in a small proportion of such cases.
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PMID:Status of hepatitis B virus in the aetiology of uveitis in Great Britain. 661 55

A patient with autoimmune hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) developed uveitis during the course of her disease. The occurrence of this eye disorder provides additional support for an autoimmune pathogenesis for CAH. Clinicians should be alert to the association of uveitis with CAH, so that patients at risk may be examined for this potentially serious ocular disease.
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PMID:Uveitis complicating autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. 663 34

Since 1973, we have identified and collected follow-up data on 16 patients with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Preliminary diagnostic criteria are the presence of typical urticarial skin lesions and low levels of serum complement (all components), plus two of the following: dermal venulitis, arthritis, glomerulo-nephritis, episcleritis or uveitis, recurrent abdominal pain, and C1q precipitin in plasma. Exclusions are systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, elevated antinuclear antibody titer, hereditary deficiency of a complement component or of C1 esterase inhibitor, and presence of anti-native DNA or hepatitis B antigen. The renal involvement is relatively benign, and generally the patients do well and respond to specific treatment when this is indicated. Eight of 10 smokers studied had evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1 of whom died of this complication. In three patients, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developed at a young age after relatively low pack-year cigarette smoking histories. Lung disease probably results from the interaction of two major risk factors-smoking and an immunologically mediated process that has not been identified.
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PMID:Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 704 Aug 25

A total of 133 subjects aged 15 to 55 were followed up, the main group (n = 87), patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus, and two reference groups, 26 patients with uveitis and 20 normal subjects, 13 and 4 subjects of each group, respectively, were Australian antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Functional disorders of the retina were detected in 93.2% of group 1 patients, as well as intensified local (tears) and total system (blood) autoimmune reactions to tissue-specific retinal S-antigen (mol.mass 48 kD). An increased detection rate of antibodies to S-antigen and its higher titers were found in healthy virus carriers as compared to HBsAg-seronegative donors. These data may be regarded as evidence of an increased risk of uveoretinal pathology in subjects infected with hepatitis B virus, this being confirmed by a higher incidence (50%) of latent virus carriership in the group of patients with uveoretinitis. Stabilizing effect of cavinton in functional changes of the retina was revealed, this recommending this drug for combined therapy of patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver and for prevention of ocular diseases. The majority of the examinees in whom retinal abnormalities were found being young, the authors draw attention to the social aspect of the problem.
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PMID:[Clinical and immunological signs of retinal lesions and possibilities of their correction by drugs in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology and carriers of Australia antigen]. 787 48

A 26-year-old male patient with mitral valve prolapse and HLA-B27 antigen received endodontic treatment for dental caries. Two weeks later fever, dysuria, diarrhea, sterile inflammatory arthritis of lower limbs, enthesitis, dactylitis, conjunctivitis, and uveitis consecutively developed. Blood culture performed at the time of active arthritis yielded Streptococcus viridans. He did not have any history of psoriasis, acute infectious diarrhea, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases. Laboratory studies also excluded the possibility of infections by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, chlamydia, and streptococci from the upper airway. This report indicates that Streptococcus viridans can be the triggering microorganisms of Reiter's syndrome in some circumstances.
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PMID:Reiter's syndrome caused by Streptococcus viridans in a patient with HLA-B27 antigen. 1089 81


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