Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

A 71-yr-old male presented with a 2-month history of fever, malaise, and weight loss. Physical exam revealed chorioretinitis. Laboratory studies were notable for elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Immunoglobulin G antibody to Toxoplasma gondii was positive to a dilution of 1:4096, whereas serologic studies for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Brucella, and Tularemia were negative. A percutaneous biopsy of the liver revealed hepatic granulomas. Culture of the biopsy specimen was negative for growth of mycobacteria or fungi. Spontaneous improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters occurred over a 4-month period.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and hepatic granulomas. 222 Jul 41

Immunological studies were performed on Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma to test the hypothesis that the high rate of persistence of hepatitis-associated antigen in these patients is the result of defects in host immune response. The responses to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene sensitization and to a battery of recall skin test antigens were normal, as was the humoral antibody response to tularaemia antigen. Neither hypogammaglobulinaemia nor specific immunoglobulin deficiencies were found. Thus it appears unlikely that generalized defects in host immune responses can account for the high incidence of persistent hepatitis B virus infection found in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunological studies in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 434 3

The data accumulated from 1969 to 1979 in the Diagnostic Immunology portion of the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program were evaluated for evidence of change in performance among the participating laboratories. Evidence of improved performance was found for the rubella, rheumatoid factor, tularemia, quantitative immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G, A, and M), and hepatitis B tests. No evidence of change was detected for the streptococcal enzyme, C-reactive protein, infectious mononucleosis, antinuclear antibodies, Salmonella and Brucella agglutinins, and syphilis tests. Data obtained from other tests were inadequate to determine trends. In most tests, deficiencies were identified which could be corrected and thereby could improve performance. It is pointed out that proficiency testing not only improves laboratory performance, but also can be used to evaluate performance levels, identify method, standard, or performance deficiencies, educate, estimate impact of possible changes, serve as external quality control, and document changes.
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PMID:Assessment of laboratory improvement by the Center for Disease Control Diagnostic Immunology Proficiency Testing Program. 625 2

Since 1990, Mongolia's health system has been in transition. Impressive gains have been accomplished through a national immunization program, which was instituted in 1991. Nevertheless, the country continues to confront four major chronic infections: hepatitis B and C, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). As of 2001, only two cases of HIV infections had been detected in Mongolia, but concern grows that the rate will increase along with the rising rates of STDs and increase in tourism. Other infectious diseases of importance in Mongolia include echinococcosis, plague, tularemia, anthrax, foot-and-mouth, and rabies.
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PMID:Emerging infectious diseases in Mongolia. 1472 Mar 88

According to WHO health profile, Iran has better situation in controlling some infection disease like leprosy, dengue fever, tularemia and hepatitis B than United States, even though Iran is in a more dangerous area than the USA. Achieving optimum control for infectious disease in the Middle East requires huge financial costs, equipment and a great time. Some of Iran's actions to control infectious diseases include: special attention of the Iran government to the health issue, training and developing human resources, membership and close cooperation with international organizations like WHO, detecting and monitoring emerging diseases before their arrival and distribution in Iran, expanding and updating national immunization and vaccination program since 1992, national project implementation titled "Health system development plan", supplying and manufacturing most of drugs required in Iran by the Iranian companies as a strategic planning, great coordination between different departments of the MOHME and other relevant institutions to Iran Army and Ministry of Intelligence to prevent the emergence of bioterrorism, and etc. We believe that Iran has obtained an acceptable score in the control of infectious diseases; but it still has very big challenges to reach the ideal level.
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PMID:Brief outcome of five decades of battle with infectious diseases in Iran. 3220 93