Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 187 sera positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) were collected from blood banks and clinics representative for the various regions of Poland. 139 sera were from symptomless carriers of HBSAg, 34 sera--from patients with acute hepatitis, and 14 sera--from patients with chronic hepatitis. In the group of HBSAg carriers, subtype HBSAg/adw was found in 80,6% of cases, and sybtype HBSAg/ayw--in 19.4% of cases; in patients with acute hepatitis subtype adw was found in 82,5% of cases, and subtype ayw--in 17,5% of cases; in patients with chronic hepatitis subtype adw was found in 78,6% of cases, and subtype ayw--in 21,4% of cases.
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PMID:[Subtypes of HBs antigen in Poland]. 98 66

An immunoassay now permits the determination of human exposure to aflatoxin at an individual level and consequently allows a better assessment of the role of aflatoxin, and its interaction with hepatitis B virus infection, in the aetiology of liver cancer. Measurements of aflatoxin bound to serum albumin in children and adults from various African countries show that between 12 and 100% contain aflatoxin-albumin adducts, with levels up to 350 pg AFB1-lysine equivalent/mg albumin. In Thailand, lower levels and prevalence of this adduct were observed, while no positive sera were detected from France or Poland. Data are presented showing that exposure to this carcinogen can occur throughout life and the relevance of these observations to the understanding of the multifactorial aetiology of liver cancer in these countries is discussed.
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PMID:Aflatoxin-albumin adducts in human sera from different regions of the world. 226 78

The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in association with immunoglobulins and complement components within the glomerular basement membranes of adults having chronic active hepatitis has been well documented. In addition, investigators in Poland have demonstrated HBsAg immune complexes in glomeruli of children who did not have clinical evidence of hepatitis. More recently, a single case of childhood membranous glomerulonephritis in an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus was cited by observers in Canada. Reported here is the deposition of HBsAg immune complexes in the glomerular basement membranes of a 13-year-old black boy who had membranous glomerulopathy but not clinical evidence of hepatitis. This may be the first reported case in the United States of HbsAg-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in a child asymptomatic for hepatitis B virus, and only the second such case in North America. However, unlike previous studies of childhood glomerulopathy in association with hepatitis B virus, this patient is seropositive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs (antibody for hepatitis B surface antigen). Similar "rare" serologic findings were found for the patient's eldest male sib.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephritis in a child asymptomatic for hepatitis B virus. Concomitant seropositivity for HBsAG and anti-HBs. 701 71

Twenty children with diabetes received Engerix B vaccine against virus hepatitis B. The antibody level was studied one month after completion of accelerated vaccination course. All patients achieved protective antibody level. The number of patients with diabetes in Poland is increasing. Virus hepatitis B makes worse the prognosis. Good effects of vaccinations are the encouragement to undertaking such management in all diabetic clinics in Poland.
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PMID:[Engerix B vaccine in prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection in children with diabetes]. 797 33

Hepatitis B is more frequent in many countries in eastern Europe than in the western part. In Poland the incidence is as high as 34 notified cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In the Baltic states the incidence is between 10 and 20, and in Russia 23 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In the Baltic states the incidence has declined since 1986. This reduction has been most prominent in Lithuania, with 69%, followed by Latvia with 43% and Estonia with 23%. The infection is very often (> 50%) spread by non-sterile medical instruments.
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PMID:Hepatitis B in parts of former USSR. 853 59

A 1995 study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 836 students 6-15 years of age attending the Viqarunnessa Noon Girls' School in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All children were of high socioeconomic status and apparently healthy at the time of serum collection. HBsAg prevalence was 2.3% (19 cases) by the Latex quick test but fell to 0.8% (7 cases) when positive samples were rechecked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This was the first study to explore HBsAg prevalence among school-age children in Bangladesh. Comparison of these findings with studies conducted in other countries indicates that urban Bangladeshi children from high socioeconomic status backgrounds have significantly lower HBsAg prevalence than their counterparts in Egypt, India, Greece, Poland, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Tanzania, Senegal, Romania, and Cameroon (range, 5.0-23.2%). Further studies are recommended, however, to determine the HBsAg prevalence among schoolchildren of low socioeconomic status and investigate the HBsAg subtypes and main modes of hepatitis B virus transmission in Bangladesh.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Viqarunnessa noon girls' school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 945 21

The aim of the study was to estimate the HBV infection preventive measures used in the twelve dialysis centres in north Poland. In all of the centres hepatitis B vaccination and segregation of HBV infected patients (dedicated machines or separate rooms), which are the two basic HBV infection control methods, were introduced. Our results point out that in some of the centres certain modification of these methods would be possible, including universal predialysis vaccination programme, changes in hepatitis B vaccination schedules with most effective routes of vaccination only and dedication for HBV infected patients not only separate rooms but separate dialysis staff as well.
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PMID:[Evaluation of prophylaxis and actual prevalence of HBV infection in twelve hemodialysis centers of Northern Poland]. 949 8

This study evaluated the epidemiology and impact of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. Serum samples were obtained from 128 consecutive untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B (72 cases) or C (56 cases). The presence of HGV RNA was determined by PCR amplification of the 5'untranslated region; the sensitivity of the assays was ten template copy equivalents. The prevalence of HGV RNA in hepatitis B and C was found to be 25% and 34%, respectively. HGV-positive and HGV-negative patients did not differ with respect to risk factors for infection, age, sex, or alanine aminotransferase activity. Similarly, there was no difference in the severity of liver disease, as assessed with HAI score. In conclusion, we found a very high prevalence of HGV infection in chronic hepatitis B and C patients in Poland. Nevertheless, no evidence was found that HGV coinfection has any impact on the severity of the underlying disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis G virus coinfection in chronic hepatitis B and C patients in Poland. 956 82

We have studied the HLA-DRB and -DQB1 alleles of 42 paediatric patients who have suffered from membranous nephropathy associated with a hepatitis B infection (HBVMN). These patients were all from the Gdansk area of Northern Poland and the disease was diagnosed by light and electron microscopy. The control population consisted of 55 healthy children, approximately age matched, from schools in Gdansk. In addition we have also analysed 40 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B, without any renal involvement, as hepatitis B disease controls. The HLA alleles were defined using PCR/SSP. As idiopathic membranous nephropathy and low responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine have been found to be associated with DR3 in Caucasoids, our hypothesis was that the HBVMN patients would show an increase in DR3. Our results indicate that, although there is a small increase in the frequency of DRBl*0301 in the HBVMN patients (16/42 38%) when compared to the healthy controls (15/55 31%), this does not approach significance. There is a significant increase in the frequency of DQB1*0303 in the HBVMN patients vs the healthy controls, after correction for the number of antigens detected (Pc)(13/42 vs 2/55, RR=11.6, P=0.0007, Pc=0.02). A similar increase in DQB1*0303 is seen in the HBVMN patients when compared to the hepatitis controls (13/42 vs 4/40) but this is only significant before correction (RR=4.3, P=0.04).
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PMID:HLA-DRB and -DQB1 alleles in Polish patients with hepatitis B associated membranous nephropathy. 975 1

In 1993 the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board focused its attention on the serious threat hepatitis B poses to the community at large. The Cannes 1993 meeting "Action Towards Control of Hepatitis B as a Community Health Risk" was the first initiative and the springboard for other activities. The rationale behind universal hepatitis B vaccination strategies and the prerequisites for implementing these strategies were analyzed. Background information on country-specific hepatitis B epidemiology and on the feasibility of vaccination strategies were presented and discussed. The congress participants concluded that it is insufficient and ineffective to focus a vaccination campaign on a limited subset of the population (the so-called 'risk groups'), and the need for universal hepatitis B immunization was clearly recognized. Since Cannes 1993 many countries have responded to the call for universal hepatitis B immunization. Many have performed economic evaluation studies, while others have initiated sero-epidemiological studies to generate input data for burden of disease calculation. These studies indicate that epidemiological and economic arguments cannot be used to delay the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination. Some countries have improved their surveillance systems and included viral hepatitis in the surveillance programmes. Others have put hepatitis B on the political agenda. Where are we now? In the six years since the Global Advisory Group of the Expanded Programme on Immunization set 1997 as the target for integrating HB vaccination into national immunization programmes world-wide, more than 90 countries have included hepatitis B vaccine as part of their routine infant or adolescent immunisation programmes. In the WHO European Region, Albania, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Andora, Austria, Greece, Malta, Switzerland, Israel, Slovenia and Spain have implemented universal vaccination programmes. Belgium, the Netherlands and several other European countries are seriously studying the issues or are making budgetary provisions for the introduction of HB into their vaccination programmes. Most of the European countries which now use the vaccine routinely have started with adolescent immunization. Italy and France have begun with both adolescent and infant HB immunization. The rewards of effective implementation of immunization programmes in these countries are becoming apparent and their success offers an exemplary model for other countries. The deadline was 1997! In Europe, work remains to be done before interventions, that will bring us closer to the WHO goal of universal immunization and to the goal of controlling hepatitis B in the community, are implemented. To this end, the VHPB has continuously supported the efforts of countries in Europe to meet the WHO target by convening meetings of international experts and issuing publications on the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.
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PMID:From Cannes 1993 to the present. 991 24


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