Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As many as 97 patients with myocardial lesions: congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP), postmyocarditis CMP (PM CMP), myocarditis (MC), alcoholic heart injury (AHI), coronary heart disease (CHD), vegetodysovarian myocardiodystrophy were examined by means of a complex of the virological tests (for Coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B viruses) and immunoassays (for antibodies to different components of the myocardium, leukocyte migration inhibition test, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test, measurements of T and B lymphocytes and their subpopulations, and so forth). Virus infection was shown to be of a role for the onset of acute MC (usually reversible) and congestive CMP. At the same time the autoimmune mechanisms of the lesions were conclusively ascertained in MC associated with heart failure and in PM CMP. In patients with congestive CMP and AHI coupled with heart failure, antibodies to nerve fibers of the myocardium could be demonstrated in the presence of T-lymphocyte deficiency and high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. This does not allow excluding myocardial denervation leading to refractory heart failure. Some immunological parameters made use of in the study provide an opportunity of an objective evaluation of the effect glucocorticoid treatment produces on patients suffering from MC and PM CMP.
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PMID:[The viral and immunological characteristics of cardiomyopathies and myocarditis]. 227 78

The major autopsy findings from 22 patients (6 children, 16 adults) having undergone therapeutic orthotopic liver transplant are summarized. The mean age for children was 4.2 yr (range 4 mo to 9 yr) and 41 yr (range 20 to 57 yr) for adults. The mean posttransplant survival time in these patients was 16.7 d for children and 72.5 d for adults. The changes present in hepatic allograft included graft rejection (13), viral infections (11), massive necrosis due to hepatic arterial thrombosis (6), and recurrent hepatitis B (3). Infectious complications were present in 20 of 22 patients. The extrahepatic organs primarily involved by infection were lungs and brain. Bronchopneumonia and abscess formation were the most common lung findings, whereas cerebral edema and herniation, and infection occurred in the brain. Cardiac findings included acute myocardial infarction, mycotic mural thrombus and cytomegalovirus myocarditis. The gastrointestinal tract, adrenals, and kidneys were virtually spared. No significant changes were found in the pancreas and urogenital tract.
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PMID:Main autopsy findings in liver transplant patients. 266 41

Two patients with hepatitis B virus infection and myocarditis are reported. The implicated pathogenesis was an immune complex mechanism in one patient. Both patients presented with heart failure and arrhythmia which were controlled with conventional medical therapy. Echocardiography played an important role for early detection of left ventricular dysfunction. The efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy is still conjectural. Acute hepatitis B infection should be a differential diagnostic consideration in the etiology of acute myocarditis.
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PMID:Myocarditis and hepatitis B virus. 316 31

A 48 year-old-man, with fulminant hepatitis complicated with myocarditis was treated. Despite intensive care, he died of fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed myocardial infarction-like changes when he went into a deep coma. Microscopically, scattered foci of myocardial cell damage and cell death associated with clusters of inflammatory cells were present in the heart at autopsy. However, there were no findings related to myocardial infarction and staining for hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen were nil. The concentration of plasma catecholamine was elevated concomitantly with high level of ECG changes. We consider that abnormal ECGs may reflect a hypersecretion of catecholamine and suggest that our patient had a catecholamine cardiopathy.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic changes related to hypersecretion of catecholamine in a patient with fulminant hepatitis. 341 84

Myocarditis may be a serious extrahepatic complication of hepatitis. In this fatal case of serologically documented hepatitis B viral hepatitis, acute myocarditis was present, with histologic features consistent with a viral pathogenesis. Hepatitis B surface antigen was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase methods in small intramyocardial vessels, suggesting that hepatitis B virus infected the heart. The resulting inflammatory heart disease may have been caused either directly, by virus infecting the myocardium, or indirectly, by an immune-mediated mechanism.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus and myocarditis. 637 62

Women may be infected during pregnancy with infectious agents that are often passed unnoticed; however, the causative agent may still traverse the placenta and infect the developing embryo and fetus. Several of these agents (i.e. rubella, cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma Gondii) may cause severe fetal damage, but most other infections in pregnancy seem to be much less dangerous to the fetus. In this review we discuss the effects of several viral infections during pregnancy where the effects on the developing embryo and fetus are infrequent, but they may sometimes cause severe neonatal disease. The following viruses are discussed: coxsackie and echoviruses, measles and mumps, polioviruses, Japanese and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses, West Nile virus and hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E. Coxsackie B virus may cause an increase in early spontaneous abortions and rarely, fetal myocarditis; echoviruses do not seem to damage the fetus; measles and mumps may cause increased early and late fetal death and neonatal measles or mumps. The viruses affecting the nervous system may increase early and late spontaneous abortions and, rarely, cause severe damage to the fetal brain. Hepatitis B virus has a high rate of vertical transmission causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis. Hepatitis A, C and E are rarely transmitted trans-placentally; if transmitted, they may cause hepatitis. There is no evidence that immunization in pregnancy against these diseases (with attenuated viruses) may adversely affect pregnancy outcome.
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PMID:Pregnancy outcome following infections by coxsackie, echo, measles, mumps, hepatitis, polio and encephalitis viruses. 1648 Aug 51

We report the first cases of tissue-proven eosinophilic myocarditis after single vaccine administration of conjugate meningococcal C and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively. The nature of histopathologic findings strongly supports hypersensitivity reaction and negates viral etiology, which is typically characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate. Both episodes resolved with corticosteroid therapy. To enhance discussion of our cases, we performed a systematic review of the literature on postimmunization myocarditis or pericarditis, and identified 37 publications, reporting 269 cases during the search period (1966-2007). Time of onset of cardiac symptoms in all patients ranged from 1 to 30 days postimmunization.
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PMID:Eosinophilic myocarditis temporally associated with conjugate meningococcal C and hepatitis B vaccines in children. 1866 32

Due to the threat of bioterrorism, large-scale clinical trials of a new cell culture smallpox vaccine were conducted. Biologically false positive (BFR) serological reactions to viruses (hepatitis B and C, HIV) and syphilis were evaluated. BPR rapid reagin tests (RPR) to syphilis occurred in 19% and false positive tests for antibody to hepatitis B in 3.3% of 90 healthy adults undergoing primary vaccination. Most subjects (94%) were RPR-positive on Day 15 after vaccination and all seroreverted within 2 months thereafter. One subject with myocarditis was RPR-negative. One RPR-positive and 1 RPR-negative subject had elevated CK-MB enzymes without other evidence for myocarditis.
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PMID:Possible autoimmune reactions following smallpox vaccination: the biologic false positive test for syphilis. 1902 22

The '2nd Workshop on Paediatric Virology', which took place on Saturday the 8th of October 2016 in Athens, Greece, provided an overview on recent views and advances on Paediatric Virology. Emphasis was given to HIV-1 management in Greece, a country under continuous financial crisis, hepatitis B vaccination in Africa, treatment options for hepatitis C virus in childhood, Zika virus in pregnancy and infancy, the burden of influenza on childhood, hand-foot-mouth disease and myocarditis associated with Coxsackie viruses. Other general topics covered included a critical evaluation of Paediatric Accident and Emergency viral infections, multimodality imaging of viral infections in children, surgical approaches of otolaryngologists to complex viral infections, new advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral conjunctivitis and novel molecular diagnostic methods for HPV in childhood. A brief historical overview of the anti-vaccination movement was also provided, as well as presentations on the educational challenge of Paediatric Virology as a new subspecialty of Paediatrics. This review highlights selected lectures and discussions of the workshop.
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PMID:Paediatric Virology: A rapidly increasing educational challenge. 2835 3

Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a newly introduced cytokine to interleukin-1 family. Many studies have demonstrated that IL-37 owns immunosuppressive effects against both innate and acquired immune responses via inhibition of several inflammatory mediators. Thence, IL-37 has anti-inflammatory action in some diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases. Recent investigations have reported the important role of IL-37 in immunity against viral, bacterial and fungal infections as they prevent inappropriate immune activation and suppress the inflammation induced by these infectious agents. Thus, IL-37 could play a crucial role in protecting host tissues from injury during infections by damping excessive inflammatory reactions. However, the precise roles of IL-37 in infectious diseases remain largely unknown. The current review shed light on the pivotal role of IL-37 in infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), viral myocarditis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), tuberculosis, leprosy, pneumococcal pneumonia, listeria infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis and eumycetoma. In conclusion, this review reported that IL-37 has a crucial role in reducing infection-associated inflammation and has a good impact on inflammation-induced pathology. However, tight regulation that achieved balance between effector immune responses that required for pathogen elimination and limited tissue damage that resulted from excessive inflammation should be existed in the potential IL-37 therapy to prevent clinical complications of a disease.
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PMID:The potential role of interleukin-37 in infectious diseases. 3163 47


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