Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An RGD-containing epitope from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 protein was inserted into the e1 loop of the hepatitis B virus core (HBc) protein. This chimeric protein was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli and spontaneously assembled into virus-like particles which could be readily purified. These fusion particles elicited high levels of both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay- and FMDV-neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. The chimeric particles bound specifically to cultured eukaryotic cells. Mutant particles carrying the tripeptide sequence RGE in place of RGD and the use of a competitive peptide, GRGDS, confirmed the critical involvement of the RGD sequence in this binding. The chimeric particles also bound to purified integrins, and inhibition by chain-specific anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies implicated alpha 5 beta 1 as a candidate cell receptor for both the chimeric particle and FMDV. Some serotypes of FMDV bound to beta 1 integrins in solid- phase assays, and the chimeric particles competed with FMDV for binding to susceptible eukaryotic cells. Thus, HBc particles may provide a simple, general system for exploring the interactions of specific peptide sequences with cellular receptors.
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PMID:Chimeric hepatitis B virus core particles as probes for studying peptide-integrin interactions. 864 42

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral disorder that manifests a mucosal reaction to a variety of aetiological factors, including liver disorder. This study investigated the relationship between OLP and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by studying the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection or liver disease in 45 patients with OLP in the Northern Kyushu region of Japan where the prevalence of HCV infection is the highest in the country. Serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in only four patients. Serum anti-HCV or serum HCV RNA was positive in 28 (62%) and 27 (60%) of 45 OLP patients, respectively. The majority (35 of 45, 78%) of OLP patients suffered from liver disease, including chronic hepatitis C (22/45, 49%), HCV-related liver cirrhosis (two), and HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (two). These results suggest that HCV is a major cause of OLP.
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PMID:Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus in the northern Kyushu region of Japan. 871 30

Using recombinant DNA technology, construction and bacterial expression of genes was carried out which code for hybrid proteins, human tumor necrosis factor and hepatitis B core protein fused to immunogenic epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus, strains A22 and O1-194. Hybrids of tumor necrosis factor with foot-and-mouth disease antigenic determinants protected laboratory animals against the experimental challenge with a homologous strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Hybrid protein that contained immunogenic regions of two strains, A22 and O1-194, protected animals against infection with both A and O serotypes. Hybrid proteins based on hepatitis B virus core antigen retained the ability to assemble into core-like particles.
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PMID:[Bacterial synthesis of immunogenic epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus fused either to human necrosis factor or to hepatitis B core antigen]. 915 45

Purified integrin alpha v beta 3 was used in solid-phase binding studies with chimeric hepatitis B cores which carry the RGD-containing loop of VP1 protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). High levels of specific binding between the integrin and the particles were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The binding was Mn2+ cation dependent and could be competed with fibronectin, vitronectin, and the peptide GRGDSPK. Particles in which the RGD motif had been mutated to RGE failed to bind, indicating that the chimeric cores bound specifically to the ligand binding site of integrin alpha v beta 3. Electron micrographs showed several individual alpha v beta 3 molecules bound to the surface of each chimeric particle. Collectively, these data constitute firm evidence that the RGD-containing loop of FMDV is critical for binding to alpha v beta 3 and provide support for identification of alpha v beta 3 as a potential cellular receptor for FMDV.
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PMID:Specific interactions between human integrin alpha v beta 3 and chimeric hepatitis B virus core particles bearing the receptor-binding epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 942 54

Reviews published reports on the progress in development of DNA vaccines protecting from viral diseases. Emphasizes the advantages of the preparation injection into the epidermis and the possibility of stimulating the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines with adjuvants and cytokines. Discusses the results of studies on the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines from human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, influenza and measles viruses, rotavirus, rabies virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, etc., and the safety of DNA vaccines.
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PMID:[Progress in developing viral polynucleotide (DNA) vaccines]. 1050 Sep 80

In the middle 80s, recombinant hepatitis B virus cores (HBc) gave onset to icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) as a basic class of non-infectious carriers of foreign immunological epitopes. The recombinant HBc particles were used to display immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B, C, and E virus, human rhinovirus, papillomavirus, hantavirus, and influenza virus, human and simian immunodeficiency virus, bovine and feline leukemia virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, murine cytomegalovirus and poliovirus, and other virus proteins, as well as of some bacterial and protozoan protein epitopes. Practical applicability of the HBc particles as carriers was enabled by their ability to high level synthesis and correct self-assembly in heterologous expression systems. The interest in the HBc VLPs was reinforced by the resolution of their fine structure by electron cryomicroscopy and X-ray crystallography, which revealed an unusual alpha-helical organization of dimeric units of HBc shells, alternative packing into icosahedrons with T = 3 and T = 4 symmetry, and the existence of long protruding spikes. The tips of the latter seem to be the optimal targets for the display of foreign sequences up to 238 amino acid residues in length. Combination of numerous experimental data on epitope display with the precise structural information enables a knowledge-based design of diagnostic, and vaccine and gene therapy tools on the basis of the HBc particles.
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PMID:HBV core particles as a carrier for B cell/T cell epitopes. 1150 71

The Proceedings here reviewed are those of the meeting held in Geneva in October, 1983, which led to the establishment of the World Health Organization's Program for the Accelerated Development of New Vaccines. These papers reflect the state of the art in the development of vaccines for cholera, leprosy, pertussis, salmonella, shigella, dengue, foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, herpes simplex, influenza, poliomyelitis, Chagas' disease, malaria, and schistosomiasis. The identification and isolation of epitopes and other antigenic fragments is presented, as well as considerations of mucosal immunity, antigenic determinants and antigenic variations, antigen presentation and T-cell activation, the use of anti-idiotypes as antigens, the development of recombinant viruses for use in vaccines, and the use of circumsporozoite antigens in the preparation of a malaria vaccine.
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PMID:New approaches to vaccine development. Proceedings of a meeting organized by the World Health Organization. Book review. 1222 27

A novel plant-based vaccine protecting against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was developed by inserting the VP21 epitope into the internal region of the hepatitis B virus core antigen gene (HBcAg). The specific sequence of the VP21 epitope is located within the VP1 capsid protein of the FMD virus (FMDV). It spans 21 amino acids located between positions 140 and 160 of the G-H loop. The fusion gene, HBCVP, was inserted into the plant binary vector pBI121 and then transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. The presence of HBCVP in the tobacco genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); its transcription was verified by reverse transcription-PCR; and the recombinant protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results of immunologic microscopic observation demonstrated that recombinant fusion protein HBCVP can form a virus-like particle (VLP) structure in transgenic tobacco leaves. Mice, immunized intraperitoneally with a soluble crude extract of transgenic tobacco leaves, were found to produce specific antibody responses to both HBcAg and FMDV VP1. A virus challenge demonstrated that the immunized mice were highly protected against virulent FMD. This work describes a new way to develop an FMD vaccine from plants that will aid the development of new vaccines using HBcAg fused to the conserved epitopes of other pathogenic antigens.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of the epitope of the foot-and-mouth disease virus fused with a hepatitis B core protein as expressed in transgenic tobacco. 1635 33

Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles, self-assemble into capsid particles and are extremely immunogenic, hold promise as an immune-enhancing vaccine carrier for heterologous antigens. However, formation of virus-like particles (VLP) can be restricted by size and structure of heterlogous antigens. In the study, we investigated formation of VLP by modified HBc fused with specified foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) multiepitopes and evaluated their immune effects. Firstly, three HBc display vectors (pHBc1, pHBc2 and pHBc3) were constructed by deletions of different lengths within the HBc c/e1 region: 75-78 amino acid (aa), 75-80 aa and 75-82 aa respectively. Secondly, we inserted different compositions of FMDV multiepitopes, BT [VP1(141-160)-VP4(21-40)] and BTB [VP1(141-160)-VP4(21-40)-VP1(141-160)], into modified regions. As a result, only plasmid pHBc3-BTB of six recombinant vectors was expressed as soluble protein, which resulted in the formation of complete VLP confirmed by electron microscopy. Recombinant VLP could be taken up by cells and presented in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the modified VLP displayed a significantly stronger immunogenicity than other five recombinant proteins and GST-BTB with a higher titer of peptide-specific and virus-specific antibody, elevated IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 production, especially enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. The results encourage further work towards the development of FMDV vaccines using hepatitis B virus core particles fused with FMDV epitopes.
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PMID:Enhanced immunogenicity of modified hepatitis B virus core particle fused with multiepitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. 1738 22

The RNA viruses replicate as complex distributions of closely related genomes termed viral quasispecies. The behavior of the evolving quasispecies and its response to selective pressures such as antiviral treatment is influenced by the ensemble of mutants that compose the viral population. One such influence is the presence of minority subpopulations in the mutant spectra of viral quasispecies. Biologically relevant mutants have long been known to be present as minority components of replicating viral populations. However, experiments designed with specific mutants of the animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture explained the presence of a class of minority genomes termed memory genomes. They descend from those variants that were dominant at an earlier phase of quasispecies evolution, and arise as a consequence of quasispecies dynamics, when viral populations are subjected to discontinuous selective pressures. The presence of memory genomes has also been documented during intrahost evolution of HIV-1 in vivo. The analysis of sequential viral samples of different HIV-1-infected patients showed that two distinct types of memory can operate in retroviruses: a replicative memory analogous to that observed in foot-and-mouth disease virus, as well as a reservoir memory derived from the integrative phase of the retroviral lifecycle. Despite being hidden as minority components of the HIV-1 viral population (ranging from about 0.1 to 20% of the total number of genomes in the quasispecies analyzed), memory genomes can drive the evolution of the virus during HIV-1 infections under antiviral therapy. The limited availability of current experimental data on minority HIV-1 subpopulations in vivo implies that further studies are required in order to define the cutoffs of clinically relevant minority genomes. Nevertheless, it is already evident that such low-abundance genomes remain undetectable by traditional genotyping methods such as consensus sequencing or conventional hybridization techniques. Several experimental systems are currently available for the detection and characterization of minority components of the mutant spectra of viral quasispecies including HIV, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus. Some of these biotechnological approaches could, in the near future, be taken over and exploited in the clinical setting as useful biosensors with which to improve the management of HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Minority report: hidden memory genomes in HIV-1 quasispecies and possible clinical implications. 1861 20


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