Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of an acutely beginning histologically proved panarteritis is described which was initiated by hepatitis B caused by blood transfusions. After one year of steroid therapy the arteritis was no longer seen histologically, Australia-antigen became negative. Terminally the patient developed an apoplexy, renewed gastric bleeding, septicemia with obstructive jaundice, nose bleeding, increasing renal insufficiency, and cardiac failure. The Australia-antigen reappeared in the serum. It could be assumed that the panarteritis had progressed. Immune complexes of Australia-antigen and corresponding antibodies which are deposited in the vascular wall and cause an inflammatory reaction, are being held responsible for the panateritis. They were proved serologically and by immunofluorescence in the vascular wall. In cases of panarteritis of unknown origin Australia-antigen can be found in a high percentage, as was demonstrated by a second case.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-B-surface antigen and panarteritis (author's transl)]. 4 44

The reliability of lipoprotein-X demonstration in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice was tested in 660 patients (1105 samples) and compared with other biochemical studies. Groups of 100 patients each with morphologically proven liver or biliary-tract disease were analyzed in order to determine the frequency with which the demonstration of lipoprotein X and biliary stasis coincided. There was no direct connection between hepatitis B antigen and lipoprotein X. Total cholesterol concentration provided no help in the differential diagnosis of jaundice, although in a series of cases with and without obstruction the mean concentrations differed significantly. Intra- and extrahepatic causes of jaundice and their aetiology could not be clarified merely by demonstrating the presence or absence of lipoprotein X. Nonetheless, it is a simple and safe method for proving biliary stasis.
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PMID:[The significance of lipoprotein X in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice: comparison with other biochemical tests (author's transl)]. 24 Jun 65

An unusual case of prostatic carcinoma presenting as severe obstructive jaundice is reported. After treatment with stilbestrol and bilateral orchidectomy, liver function tests became normal and lung metastases disappeared. During a second episode of jaundice due to serum hepatitis, liver function deteriorated following stilbestrol administration, and the drug was temporarily discontinued. The patient has been followed up for three years and liver function tests remain normal.
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PMID:Obstructive jaundice associated with carcinoma of the prostate. 116 79

The usefulness of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST): serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio as a guide to the presence of alcoholism was evaluated in four groups of patients. In alcoholics with elevated transaminases the mean AST:ALT ratio was found to be 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-1.51), in hepatitis B infection 0.51 (95% CI: 0.50-0.52), in liver cancer 1.25 (95% CI: 1.20-1.29), and in nonmalignant obstructive jaundice 0.59 (95% CI: 0.57-0.61). In alcoholics with normal transaminases the AST:ALT ratio was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.61-1.67). The combination of an AST:ALT ratio of greater than 1.00 with an erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV) above 90.0 fL resulted in a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 88.9% for detecting alcoholism in these four groups of patients.
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PMID:A combination of raised serum AST:ALT ratio and erythrocyte mean cell volume level detects excessive alcohol consumption. 238 15

Using chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, we measured biliary alkaline phosphatase (BALP; EC 3.1.3.1) activities in sera from 182 patients, most with hepatobiliary disorders but some with non-hepatobiliary diseases. Relative BALP activities were extremely low in otherwise healthy carriers of hepatitis B virus (mean: 5.4 U/L) and in patients with non-hepatobiliary diseases (mean: 5.3 U/L). Although BALP activities were detectable in some cases of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, these values were generally low (respective means: 12.6 and 12.0 U/L). High BALP activities were detected in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, secondary metastatic liver tumors, and obstructive jaundice: mean values were 27.2, 37.2, and 73.6 U/L, respectively. There was no correlation between BALP activity and bilirubin concentration in patients with obstructive jaundice, nor between BALP activities in obstructive jaundice caused by stones and in those caused by extrahepatic tumor. Some patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma had high BALP but low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values, some others the reverse. Based on AFP alone, the sensitivity for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma was 79%; adding BALP in parallel improved the sensitivity to 97%. We found minicolumn chromatography on DEAE-cellulose useful for determining BALP activity in hepatobiliary diseases.
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PMID:Biliary alkaline phosphatase measured by mini-column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose: application to detection of hepatobiliary diseases. 247 88

The pathologic findings of 232 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) autopsied during the past ten years at Kurume, Japan, were analyzed from the point of view of global epidemiology, in relation to clinical feature, and in regard to incidence, age, sex, etiologic factors, size of liver, changes in noncancer parenchyma, gross type of tumor, extrahepatic metastases, intravascular and intraductal growths, cancer cell histology, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hepatocytes and cancer cells, liver cell dysplasia, and frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of minute HCC. Furthermore, postmortem hepatic arteriography and portography were done in 152 livers for comparison with gross anatomy and celiac angiograms. It was found that: (1) epidemiologically, HCC in Japan is distinct from that in the West that it is frequently encapsulated, livers are generally small because of frequent and advanced cirrhosis and small cancer, minute HCC, is not uncommon at autopsy, cirrhosis most commonly associated is the one with thin stroma and medium size nodules, and micronodular cirrhosis is very rare despite frequent alcohol abuse; (2) HCC is increasing in incidence; (3) HBsAg is frequently found in parenchyma; (4) liver cell dysplasia is indirectly related to HBsAg with no evidence for premalignancy; (5) the lung is the most frequent site of metastasis but peritoneal dissemination is unusual; (6) intraportal tumor growth is very common and the hepatic vein is less frequently affected; (7) growth in the major bile duct is frequently associated with intraportal growth and clinically presents as obstructive jaundice; and (8) tumor is supplied solely by arteries and celiac arteriograms are closely correlated with gross pathologic findings.
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PMID:Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. 232 Consecutive cases autopsied in ten years. 629 17

Hepatitis B virus-like particles including: small spheres and filaments 15--25 nm in diameter together with a 35--40 nm Dane particle-like virion have been identified in sera of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. In a coded serological study, such particles were detected transiently in 3/4 acute, and persistently in 7/8 chronic cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis with non-A, non-B antigenemia. Only 2/12 similar cases without non-A, non-B antigens (Ag) in serum had detectable particles but neither patients with drugs, or type A hepatitis, nor cases of obstructive jaundice. The particles did not express hepatitis B surface (HBs) or non-A, non-B Ag at their surface but were associated, in three patients, with significant endogenous DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, particles similar to hepatitis B cores (BHc) and also associated with DNA polymerase activity were demonstrated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of a liver homogenate obtained from a patient who had died of non-A, non-B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B hepatitis virion described here appears, therefore, as a hepatitis B-like virus. The exact kinship between these two agents is currently being investigated.
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PMID:Non-a, non-b hepatitis: identification of hepatitis-B-like virus particles in serum and liver. 677 42

We report a patient with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) growing into the common bile duct (CBD) and showing obstructive jaundice within 2 years of the onset of the disease. The patient was a 59-year-old Japanese man in whom, at the age of 57 years. a hepatic tumor was discovered by diagnostic imaging during follow-up of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive liver cirrhosis. The tumor was diagnosed as HCC. Epirubicin was injected twice, intraarterially. The patient then received oral etoposide therapy for the next 14 months. The treatment was initially effective, but approximately 2 years after the hepatic tumor was discovered, local recurrence of the tumor and a tumor thrombus in the CBD were discovered. Although he was treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), to reduce obstructive jaundice, the jaundice was irreversible and he died of severe hepatic failure. The autopsy findings confirmed that the hepatic tumor was HCC-CC, in which the HCC and CC components expressed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), respectively, which accurately reflected the disease process. The underlying mechanism of the growth of HCC-CC into the CBD may differ from the underlying mechanism of the development of icteric-type HCC.
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PMID:Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma growing into the common bile duct. 1177 13

The Fibrolamellar variant of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare form of liver cancer that presents in the 3rd decade of life, is rarely associated with cirrhosis or chronic Hepatitis B/C virus infection, and usually presents with normal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. FLHCC presenting during pregnancy is extremely rare, with only 4 cases reported. We present a case of FLHCC in pregnancy and discuss the dilemmas in management. A 26 year-old primigravida, 26 weeks of gestation presented with a month's history of obstructive jaundice secondary. Investigations revealed a mass in the left lateral segment of the liver with extension down the left hepatic duct into the common bile duct. Following an emergency caesarean section at 31 weeks, she underwent a left hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct excision. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathology showed FLHCC. In conclusion, liver tumors presenting during pregnancy should be managed in a multidisciplinary setup with facilities for neonatal intensive care. Management depends on the presumed pathology, period of gestation and family preferences.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting during pregnancy: management dilemmas. 2831 45

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver malignancy and the third cause of cancer-related death in the Western Countries. The well-established causes of HCC are chronic liver infections such as hepatitis B virus or chronic hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consumption of aflatoxins and tobacco smocking. Clinical presentation varies widely; patients can be asymptomatic while symptomatology extends from right upper abdominal quadrant paint and weight loss to obstructive jaundice and lethargy. Imaging is the first key and one of the most important aspects at all stages of diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of patients with HCC. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System remains the most widely classification system used for HCC management guidelines. Up until now, HCC remains a challenge to early diagnose, and treat effectively; treating management is focused on hepatic resection, orthotopic liver transplantation, ablative therapies, chemoembolization and systemic therapies with cytotocix drugs, and targeted agents. This review article describes the current evidence on epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:From diagnosis to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An epidemic problem for both developed and developing world. 2883 28


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