Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Researchers compared data on 333 newborns with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency at 5 public and 5 private hospitals in Taiwan with data on 653 birth date, sex, and delivery hospital matched newborns to examine the peak serum bilirubin (PSB) level and incidence of neonatal jaundice of both G-6-PD deficient and G-6-PD normal newborns. They also wanted to determine whether an association exists between G-6-PD activity level and incidence of neonatal jaundice and associations between G-6-PD deficiency and other likely risk factors of neonatal jaundice. A significant association between G-6-PD deficiency and neonatal jaundice existed among male neonates but not female neonates. Male neonates had a considerably higher incidence of neonatal jaundice than did female neonates (11.6% vs. 6.2%). There was a significant inverse dose-response relationship between G-6-PD activity and neonatal jaundice among the male neonates (p.01). For example, the relative risk was 1.78 for 20.1-29.9 relative intensity, 2.01 for 15.1-20, 2.61 for 10.1-15, and 4.07 for 10. Maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier status and hypoxia/asphyxia significantly increased the risk for G-6-PD deficiency in male neonates (p.05). The multiple regression analysis indicated a significant effect of G-6-PD deficiency on the PSB level and the incidence rate of severe neonatal jaundice. There was a similar significant interaction between G-6-PD deficiency and maternal HBsAg carrier status.
 ...
PMID:Association between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal jaundice: interaction with multiple risk factors. 146 58

The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B antigenemia on perinatal outcome. Perinatal outcome of 824 women with hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) was compared with 6281 women without hepatitis B surface antigen (control) from June 1996 to September 1998. The maternal characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Perinatal outcome was comparable between groups. The incidences of preterm birth, premature prelabor rupture of membranes, prelabor rupture of membranes, small for gestational age, neonatal jaundice, fetal distress, perinatal asphyxia, congenital abnormality, gastrointestinal tract abnormality, and perinatal mortality were similar among the two groups. We conclude that the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant women does not pose additional risk for the pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B carrier and perinatal outcome in singleton pregnancy. 1077 65

Recent work in Darwinian medicine has suggested that physiological neonatal jaundice (PNJ) might serve an adaptive function in scavenging reactive oxygen species that in later life are removed by the mature antioxidant enzyme system in the liver. This treatise examines this hypothesis in light of novel epidemiological and genetic findings which suggest that the incidence of PNJ is significantly increased in East Asian populations. Though found across all ethnic groups, it has been established that neonates of East Asian origin are at a significantly greater risk of developing PNJ, with more than one studying finding the incidence to be near double. For any Darwinian explanation of physiological neonatal jaundice to be considered in clinical circles, it is essential that the elevated incidence of PNJ in this population be explained both mechanistically and in terms of adaptation. Recent work has linked PNJ to a specific enzyme polymorphism, a variation of the UGT1A1 gene, in the glucoronidation pathway which is essential for bilirubin metabolism and is strongly correlated with ethnic origin. In this paper it is hypothesized that the elevated incidence of PNJ in East Asian populations is not random or due to a flaw in the system but rather due to an evolved mechanism. Two potential pressures which might have selected for an elevated neonatal bilirubin in East Asian populations versus other ethnic groups are a diminished ability to reduce harmful oxidant radicals due to variations the P450 liver metabolic pathway and the endemic nature of Hepatitis B in the Asia-Pacific region. This is the first work to attempt to explain PNJ through a Darwinian yet clinically relevant lens while suggesting a specific proximate mechanism that is correlated with a pre-existing evolutionary environment and can be associated with differential reproductive success.
 ...
PMID:The question of ethnic variability and the Darwinian significance of physiological neonatal jaundice in East Asian populations. 2020 85