Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis B virus, 14 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were delivered to the Division of Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. These chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the West Africa, had been reared for two to six months. Several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with Ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; It was found that one of them was in malnutrition, and that another had dislocation of the shoulder joint and the associating abscess. All of them were negative for tuberculin test. In the bacteriological examination, Shigella sonnei was detected in the feces from one of them. Mycoplasma sp. was detected in the materials from the oral cavity of four head. As intestinal parasites, Ascaris sp. were detected in two head, Enterobius vermicularis in eight, Strongloides sp. in two, Oesophagostomum sp. in nine, tape worms in four, and Entamoeba coli in twelve. Microfilaria as blood parasite was detected in 11 of them. The laboratory used for the experimental infection was a room occupying about 42 m2, which had been built by renovating a part of our division building. Each of the cages used for rearing the chimps was contained in the isolation box made of stainless steel. The contaminated air in the isolation box was discharged forcedly into the exhausting duct with a fan, and further passed through the HEPA filter and the Miraceram honeycomb heater, and was then conducted to the already existing ventilation duct of the division building. Each chimp was fed on a ration of 200-350 g of the imported "Purina Monkey Chow 25" and also one grapefruit and one banana daily for the supply of vitamin C. The chimps weighed 16.1 kg on the average on delivery, but gained an average weight of 4.2 kg during the following four months.
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PMID:[Rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis B virus (author's transl)]. 55 3

From 1980 to 1985, 14,465 refugees arrived in Israel from Ethiopia. Typhoid fever, tuberculosis, or malaria was present in 1.8% to 9% of immigrants; as many as 93% were infested with intestinal parasites. Extreme malnutrition was common, and serologic evidence of syphilis and hepatitis B was frequently encountered. A program for diagnosis, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis following the massive influx of African refugees is described.
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PMID:Infectious disease among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. 291 1

Forty asymptomatic homosexually active men seen at a Boston community health center and 39 men with generalized lymphadenopathy were interviewed and filled out detailed epidemiologic questionnaires. Twenty percent of the asymptomatic men and 92 percent of those with lymphadenopathy had antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). None of the men have subsequently had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seropositivity was associated with receptive anal intercourse and oral exposure to ejaculate, a history of hepatitis B, anal gonorrhea, or intestinal parasites, but no other sexually transmitted diseases, and did not correlate with the use of recreational drugs. More of the seropositive men had multiple partners from New York City. An association with seropositivity was less evident in relation to the numbers of partners from San Francisco or Los Angeles, since the whole cohort generally had fewer contacts with partners from these cities. The data suggest that educational programs among homosexual men attempting to decrease AIDS risk should focus on decreasing the number of partners, receptive anal intercourse, oral exposure to ejaculate and other intimate rectal contact, and sexual contact with men from areas of increased HTLV-III seroprevalence.
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PMID:Association of human T lymphotropic virus type III antibodies with sexual and other behaviors in a cohort of homosexual men from Boston with and without generalized lymphadenopathy. 300 86

The health status of 239 Ethiopian refugees in the United States was evaluated. Over 70 per cent were males 15-30 years old. Positive PPDs (purified protein derivative of tuberculin) were observed in 72 per cent and 3.4 per cent had abnormal chest x-rays. One patient had active tuberculosis. Other laboratory abnormalities included: intestinal parasites (36.7 per cent), anemia (14.9 per cent), eosinophilia (14 per cent), positive syphilis serology (7.5 per cent), and hepatitis B surface antigenemia (9.4 per cent). The most prevalent intestinal parasites were Giardia lamblia, Trichuris trichiura, and Schistosoma mansoni.
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PMID:Health status of Ethiopian refugees in the United States. 367 56

Over 8000 foreign-born children, almost all from third-world countries, are adopted by citizens of the United States each year. Most primary care practitioners do not have enough experience to evaluate and manage their problems efficiently. We reviewed the medical care of the foreign-born adoptees followed up in a single pediatric group practice. The 128 children arrived from one of eight countries in Asia or Latin America at ages ranging from 1 month to 10 years; 57% were female. The median duration of follow-up was 20 months. The most common problems identified included deficient immunizations (37%), intestinal parasites (29%), emotional or behavioral problems (22%), skin diseases (16%), estimated age (12%), scabies and/or lice (10%), and congenital anomales (10%). Twenty-one other classes of problems were identified, including developmental delay, lactose intolerance, vision and hearing deficits, and chronic hepatitis B carrier status. At arrival or within one month, 49% of the children had acute infectious diseases, including upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, rubeola, varicella, and mumps. Nineteen percent of the children underwent surgical procedures ranging from circumcision to cleft lip-palate repair; 46% of these children were never screened for hepatitis B. Fourteen percent were hospitalized at least once, 5% within the first month after arrival. We developed a simple protocol to screen foreign-born adopted children, allowing rapid identification of treatable problems at the least cost and inconvenience to the family. Thirty-six percent of the families made at least one preadoption visit, permitting an explanation of the protocol and potential problems before the child's arrival.
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PMID:Medical problems of foreign-born adopted children. 381 12

76/133 (57%) asymptomatic homosexual men harboured intestinal parasites. Of these, 40 had Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia, or both. In a control group of heterosexual men, no pathogenic protozoa were found. Stool specimen cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter were negative. 7% of the homosexual men were infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx or rectum, or both, and 5% with Chlamydia trachomatis in the urethra or rectum. Serological evidence of syphilis was detected in 18 men (13.5%) of whom 2 were untreated. Serological markers of hepatitis A were found in 20% and of hepatitis B in 48%. The prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus was higher in homosexual than in heterosexual men (88% versus 59%).
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PMID:Intestinal parasitic infection and other sexually transmitted diseases in asymptomatic homosexual men. 633 Aug 81

More than 0.5 million refugees from Southeast Asia have immigrated to the United States. We undertook a prospective evaluation of 709 refugees within two months of their resettlement in San Diego. The sample included 164 Vietnamese, 356 Cambodians, 139 Laotians, and 50 Hmong. The prevalence of abnormalities was high: intestinal parasites, 61%; positive tuberculin test (PPD) results 55%; anemia, 37%; hepatitis B antigenemia, 14%; and abnormal VDRL test results, 12%. Except for hepatitis, significant differences were noted among the Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, and Hmong subjects on each of these health status indicators. The refugee population should not be considered a homogeneous group of Indochinese, particularly by those responsible for their health care.
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PMID:Health status of refugees from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. 706 47

To assess the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in liver disease in Somalia, antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) in 110 patients with chronic liver diseases, in 309 healthy adults, in 179 institutionalized subjects with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites and Schistosoma haematobium, and in 287 children with diseases other than hepatitis. According to the RIBA test, anti-HCV was present in three healthy adults (0.97%), in four institutionalized individuals (2.2%), but in none of the children. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 4.8% in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic liver diseases and 20.6% in patients with HBsAg-negative chronic liver diseases. Thus, HCV infection appears to play a minor role in HBsAg-positive liver disease in Somalia but may be an important factor in HBsAg-negative chronic liver disease. The low anti-HCV prevalence in individuals with no hepatic disorders is consistent with the fact that HCV does not spread by nonpercutaneous transfer. We found also a large proportion of both patients with hepatic disease and institutionalized individuals who tested positive by ELISA but not confirmed by RIBA. However, the likelihood of a true positive result increases proportionally with the ELISA value; thus, in most cases a low ELISA value probably represents a false-positive reaction, while a high ELISA value probably represents a true positive reaction.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic liver disease in Somalia. 768 79

The health profile of two groups of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel was evaluated. Trichophytosis and active trachoma were observed in 5%-8.7% of prepubertal children. Among adults 13% had corneal opacities and 10.4% had cataracts. Goiter, spastic bronchitis, valvular heart disease, leprosy and onchocerciasis were prevalent. Malnutrition was common, with average body weights ranging from 72.4% to 85.2% of normal. Anemia was observed in 6.3% of young children and 70% of all immigrants. Fifty percent of children over 12 years and 98% of adults over 40 years of age had been exposed to hepatitis B virus; 9.8%-11.8% were HBsAg carriers. Tuberculin tests were positive in 9.8%-13%; and intestinal parasites were identified in 86%-98%. Hospitalization was required for 15.7% of immigrants arriving during the period 1978-90, and for 3.7% of those arriving in mid-1991 (Operation Solomon).
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PMID:Health profile of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: an overview. 834 45

The authors performed a questionnaire survey to investigate the current routines for screening applicants for asylum for hepatitis B virus, HIV and intestinal parasites, and for vaccination against hepatitis B. The response rate was 82% (n = 80). Of the respondents, 58% were physicians, 23% public health nurses and 18% nurses. Without regard to country of origin of the applicant 71% of the health personnel usually offer an HIV-test and 77% an HBsAg-test. Few differentiated their testing routines according to country of origin. Many agreed that an HIV-test (49%) and an HBsAg-test (65%) ought to be made compulsory. 26% usually offer vaccination against hepatitis B, while 54% do so if the person concerned is an infant. Routine screening for intestinal parasites was reported by 27% of the health personnel, but more than half (54%) take only one sample from each patient. Health control of applicants for asylum provides a good opportunity to give information about the transmission of hepatitis B and HIV, preventive measures, and testing.
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PMID:[Routines for infection testing and vaccination against hepatitis B among applicants for asylum. A questionnaire study among health personnel responsible for reception of asylum applicants]. 853 94


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