Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred hemophilia A and 30 hemophilia B patients who had been treated with non-heated and heated factor VIII or prothrombin complex concentrates were examined by immunological tests including Clq-bearing immune complexes assay. Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19) were analyzed by Western blotting, enzyme immunoassay, passive hemagglutination or radio-immunoassay. Clq-bearing immune complexes were assayed by a monoclonal anti-Clq ELISA system (Immunomedics). Seropositivity to HIV-1, HBV, HCV, and B19 was 56.9%, 87.7%, 79.2% and 100% respectively. Clq-bearing immune complexes were positive in 109 of the 130 patients (83.8%). The positivity and the levels were extremely higher than those in normal individuals. Clq-bearing immune complex levels in patient positive for HIV-1, HCV, or HBV were higher than those in the negative group (HIV: P less than 0.001, HCV: P less than 0.005, HBV: P less than 0.05). When the patients were divided into four groups according to seropositivity to HIV-1 and/or HCV, Clq-bearing immune complex levels were the highest in the group positive for both antibodies, and the lowest in the group negative for both antibodies. These results suggested that each viral infection influences the formation of immune complexes and repeated viral infection increased the level of Clq-bearing immune complexes in these patients.
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PMID:[Elevated Clq-bearing immune complexes in hemophiliacs with viral infections]. 177 53

A retrospective analysis of 135 drug addicts followed between 1986 to 1987, was done, in order to asses the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis Delta virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as also their clinical and prognostic significance. A high prevalence of HBV, HDV and HCV infection was observed in this study: 81%, 64% and 83% respectively; in contrast just one case was positive for HIV. Among the drug addicts the frequency of multiple infections (HBV/HCV 51.6%; HBV/HDV/HCV 18.7%; HBV/HDV 2.2%; HCV/HIV 1.1%) was highest in comparison with isolated (HBV 5.5%; HCV 12.1%) or absent infection (73.6% vs 17.6% vs 8.8% respectively; p less than 0.001). Eleven of 12 (92%) patients with Delta hepatitis and HCV superinfection were seronegative for IgM anti-HD; in contrast the case without HCV superinfection was IgM anti-HD positive. In the former group the Alanine Amino-transferases (ALT) were significantly lower comparatively with those HBV positive patients superinfected by HCV (97 +/- 92 IU/L vs 249 +/- 125 IU/L; p = 0.001), and were not different from drug addicts with isolated HCV infection (62 +/- 49 IU/L). The results of this study indicate, a low prevalence of HIV infection in the Portuguese drug addicts and a high frequency of multiple HBV, HDV and HCV infection in the same period of study. Our observations suggest that HCV may have the capacity to inhibit the replication and pathogenic activity of hepatitis Delta virus.
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PMID:[Viral infections in intravenous drug addicts. Clinical and prognostic significance]. 178 66

In order to know the frequency and distribution of the human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) in Estremadura, a seroepidemiological study is carried out during 1989 in a population sample of 756 persons at risk. In the global sample, no case of HIV-2 infection is detected, with the frequency of HIV-1 infection being 47.49%. The sample includes 633 persons addicted to parenteral drugs with a HIV-1 frequency of 43.28% and 123 people exposed to the remaining forms of HIV infection, sexual contact with patients or carriers, those receiving blood derivatives, those with multiple transfusions and the offspring of parents at risk with seropositivity of 69.10%. The greatest frequency of HIV-1 infection in the drug-addict population is found in the age group of 20-29 years, with multiple addictions, male. It is associated with different forms of infection by Hepatitis B virus in 78.08% of the global sample, in 77.52% of the addicts and in 80% of the non-addict population. Due to the sample's characteristic of a high prevalence of HIV-1; the significance of the absence of HIV-2 is increased. These results also suggest that the AIDS syndromes and the AIDS Related Complex (A.R.C.) will be found in Estremadura in the coming years associated with HIV-1 infections, while in our opinion the epidemiological vigilance of HIV-2 infection should be maintained in spite of the results obtained, with combined HIV-1/HIV-2 immuno-enzymatic techniques being introduced into the screening tests.
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PMID:[Retrovirus HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in populations at risk. Estremadura]. 180 Nov 84

On the basis of the antiviral action of sulfated polyanions in human immunodeficiency virus and other viral infections, we studied the effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on duck hepatitis B virus infection. These agents do not affect viral uptake and replication in liver cells in vitro or in vivo. Sulfated polyanions, therefore, appear to have no potential for the treatment of hepadnavirus infections.
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PMID:Sulfated polyanions do not inhibit duck hepatitis B virus infection. 180 20

The authors studied the clinical efficacy of the local external use of fibronectin obtained from autoplasma by heparin cryoprecipitation in 8 patients with immune complex pathology, paraproteinemic hemoblastoses and beta-thalassemia complicated by erosive and ulcerous skin lesions. Autofibronectin was shown to bring about complete healing of ulcerous defects within 10 to 45 days. The therapeutic approach suggested is money-saving and excludes a possibility of transmitting hepatitis B and immunodeficiency viruses by the patient.
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PMID:[The clinical efficacy of autofibronectin obtained by heparin cryoprecipitation in patients with trophic skin lesions]. 181 73

The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues (HPMPA, HPMPC, PMEA, FPMPA) show great promise for the treatment of infections with such important human pathogens as adeno, pox (vaccinia) and hepadna (hepatitis B) viruses (HPMPA), herpes (herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalo, Epstein-Barr) viruses (HPMPC), and retro (human immunodeficiency) viruses (PMEA, FPMPA). All these compounds seem to be targeted at the viral DNA polymerase, with which they interact, as either competitive inhibitors or alternative substrates (or chain terminators), following their intracellular phosphorylation to the diphosphoryl derivatives. Of particular interest is the prolonged anti-viral action, lasting for several days or even weeks, that has been noted both in vitro and in vivo after a single administration of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues. 182 10

To investigate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on subsequent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HIV antibody was sought in homosexual men who developed HBV infection during a hepatitis B vaccine trial. Among 134 unvaccinated HIV-1-negative men, 7% became HBV carriers, 64% had viremia, and 42% had clinical illness. Among vaccinated HIV-1-negative men, HBV infection severity decreased with number of vaccine doses administered. When adjusted for prior hepatitis B vaccination status, persons with HIV-1 infection preceding HBV infection had a significantly higher risk of developing HBV carriage, viremia, prolonged ALT elevation, and clinical illness. Among HIV-1-infected men, the risk of HBV carriage was increased in unvaccinated persons (21%) and those who failed to respond to vaccination (31%) and further increased in those who received vaccine doses at the time they developed new HBV infection (56%-80%), suggesting inactivated hepatitis B vaccine may temporarily impair the immune response to HBV infection in HIV-1-infected persons. HIV-1 infection was also associated with reduced alanine aminotransferase elevations during the first 36 months of follow-up of men who became HBV carriers.
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PMID:Outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men and its relation to prior human immunodeficiency virus infection. 182 15

Haemophilic patients are at increased risk from hepatitis B virus infection because of their need for blood product therapy. They are potentially poor responders to hepatitis B vaccine due to immunological abnormalities resulting from two causes: infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and treatment with clotting factor concentrates. The protective antibody response to hepatitis B virus in vaccinated haemophiliacs was investigated using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which employs a monoclonal antibody, RF-HBs-1, that recognises a virus-neutralising epitope on HBsAg. Serum samples from 55 haemophilic patients were studied at 7, 12, and 24 months after the first injection with HB vaccine. Twenty-four vaccinated normal subjects were used as controls. The level of neutralising antibody was found to correlate with the polyclonal anti-HBs response in the majority of subjects in both the control and patient groups. There was a small but statistically significant reduction in both antibody responses in the patients compared with the normal controls. Treatment with FVIII or FIX concentrate did not influence the antibody response in the patients. Eleven of the haemophilic patients were anti-HIV seropositive. This group had a significantly lower antibody response than anti-HIV negative patients, and this correlated with the duration of anti-HIV seropositivity, rather than with their T4 counts. We conclude that, following vaccination, the majority of haemophiliacs are able to mount a protective antibody response to hepatitis B virus. HIV infection was found to be the sole cause of immunological suppression of this response.
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PMID:Protective antibodies to hepatitis B virus in haemophiliacs. 182 37

Participation rates of health care workers in voluntary free hepatitis B virus immunization programs are 35% to 40%. University teaching hospital employees at risk for hepatitis B virus and presenting for immunization were surveyed as to vaccine preference. Both plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines were available. During a 10-month period, 173 health care workers enrolled in the study. One hundred seventeen received recombinant vaccine, and 56 received plasma-derived vaccine; 66 were immunized postexposure. Concern of a relationship of human immunodeficiency virus to hepatitis B virus plasma-derived vaccine was acknowledged by a small number of health care workers as important in vaccine selection. Recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine rapidly and substantially supplanted plasma-derived vaccine but did not increase program participation. We suspect that mandatory immunization or proof of immunity will be necessary if hepatitis B virus protection rates in health care workers are to improve.
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PMID:Vaccine choice and program participation rates when two hepatitis B vaccines are offered. 183 43

In response to the risk of occupationally acquired infection with hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus, the State of Oklahoma enacted legislation which provided for a system of notification of emergency medical personnel who sustain risk exposures to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids. The system is based on the immediate report of the exposure to the STD/HIV Division of the Oklahoma State Department of Health. Between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1990, emergency response facilities reported 115 exposures to blood or other body fluids. There was a mean delay of 12 days between exposure and report to the STD/HIV Division. Only 10 (9%) of the exposed workers had been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B, and universal precautions were in use only 40% of the time. Forty-eight reports (41.7%) indicated exposures that did not pose a risk of disease transmission. These data indicate that emergency response facilities are in need of further education directed at the risk and prevention of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
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PMID:Occupational risk exposure reports among first responders in Oklahoma, January 1989-December 1990. 183 55


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