Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier is preceded by the appearance of IgM class anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen). The temporal relationship and magnitude of the IgM anti-HBc response is variable, suggesting that the antibody is not directly involved in hepatocyte lysis, but is merely a marker of a changed state of immunity to the nucleocapsid proteins induced by interferon. IgG 1, 2, 3 and 4 did not change during therapy. IgG anti-HBc of all subclasses was absent in two Chinese HBV carriers. Lower than normal titres of anti-HBc (P less than 0.001) were detected in human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive (anti-HIV) carriers. These data indicate the presence of altered immunity to the nucleocapsid antigens in these two types of chronic HBV carrier that are known to respond poorly to antiviral therapy.
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PMID:[Subclasses of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen in chronic HBV infections: changes during treatment with interferons and predictors of response]. 169 93

The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in a group of 125 haemophiliacs was 62%. Four patients who had never received replacement therapy were anti-HCV negative. Of the 121 patients injected regularly with commercial concentrates, 76 were already anti-HCV seropositive in 1985 and remained so throughout the follow-up. Two patients seroconverted in 1987 without obvious signs or symptoms of hepatitis. Our patients were treated with dry heat-treated concentrates since 1985 and with wet heat- or solvent/detergent-treated concentrates since 1988. The absence of further seroconversions and of symptoms of acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis since 1988 suggest that present virucidal treatments of concentrates are effective in preventing HCV transmission. Anti-HCV positivity appeared to be unrelated to the type and degree of haemophilia as well as to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and human herpesvirus type 6.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in Italian haemophiliacs injected with virus-inactivated concentrates: five year follow-up and correlation with antibodies to other viruses. 170 52

Recent reports of transmission by intravenous gamma-globulin preparations of non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH), including several cases that progressed to severe liver damage and death, have raised concerns about the safety of intravenous gamma-globulin. However, the problem does not seem to be widespread. To assess this issue, we previously reported the results of liver function tests monitored in 41 patients with primary immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV), pH 4.25 over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months. Eighteen of these patients at two of the three centers have now had serial serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels performed regularly at intervals of 1-5 weeks while continuing monthly intravenous infusions of nonmodified IGIV, pH 4.25 for an additional 14-26 months. The standard dosage was 400 mg per kg body weight IGIV, pH 4.25. Six lots of IGIV, pH 4.25 were used. Transient minor SGPT elevations were observed in 5 of the patients on a total of 8 occasions. None of the elevations was considered indicative of NANBH or of any chronic hepatic disease. All patients remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigen throughout the study.
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PMID:Prospective study on the hepatitis safety of intravenous immunoglobulin, pH 4.25. 170 45

4000 sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by means of an ELISA using the C100-3 antigen. 38.9% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis following blood transfusion (n = 108) had HCV antibodies. Among patients with chronic liver damage of unknown origin (n = 316) 30.4% were anti-HCV positive, and in 2,506 patients with transitional or chronic elevation of transaminases 14.8% showed HCV antibodies. Haemophiliacs (n = 26) with 65.4% anti-HCV positives and drug addicts (n = 46) with 56.5% anti-HCV positives had the highest prevalence among high risk groups. Addicts dying from drug abuse (n = 216) and HIV 1 positives (n = 127) were anti-HCV positive in 37.5% and 26.0%, respectively. Patients on haemodialysis (n = 331) had antibodies against HCV in 12.4%. Health care workers (n = 217) appear to be at a comparably low risk with only 2.8% anti-HCV positives. Up to now we could not find a single case of intrafamilial spread of HCV in 46 examined cases. We suggest that HCV infectivity of contaminated body fluids and blood is lower than that of hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carriers. In suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis negative test results should be confirmed in a second sample because it may take three to six months after infection before HCV antibodies occur. However, about 10% of chronic HCV infections are not detectable with the presently available test. This may change when new tests become available using HCV specific antigens other than C100-3.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis. 171 Oct 18

The role of individual amino acids in binding human and macaque antibodies were determined in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41, residues 594-613, and for human antibodies in the hepatitis B (HB) virus core/e antigens (HBc/eAg), residues 121-140. Decapeptides with 9 amino acids (aa) overlap were synthesised using a rapid method for simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protection for the alpha-amino group of the aas. One coupling cycle including washing steps was performed within 60-90 min. The crude products were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC and PD-mass spectrometry. With the 11 decapeptides covering residues 594-613 of HIV-1 gp41, the sequences SGKLI at aa 599-603 was found to be the main recognition site for 19 human anti-HIV positive sera. Two macaques repeatedly immunized with a peptide covering aa 594-613 of gp41, preferentially recognised the sequence CTTAVPW at residues 604-610 after 1-2 months of immunisation. One macaque also recognised the sequence CSGKLI, with sera sampled greater than 10 months after start of immunisation. Out of 9 human sera from patients with chronic HB, and reactive to a peptide covering residues 121-140 of HBc/eAg, 8 were found to recognise the sequence TPPA at residues 128-131, with an individual variation within residues 125-133 in regard to N- and C-terminal ends of the recognised antigenic site. Thus, human recognition of this antigenic site overlaps the reported T- and the B-cell recognition site found in mice. We believe that this simple and rapid approach to obtain large numbers of immunologically active peptides can be useful for most laboratories interested in the immunological characterisation of proteins.
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PMID:Rapid "tea-bag" peptide synthesis using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids applied for antigenic mapping of viral proteins. 172 Apr 19

Eleven cases of severe type hemophiliacs who had received long-term factor VIII injections were tested for the serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The period of factor VIII concentrate injections ranged from 2 to 32 years. The seropositive rates of HIV and HCV were 9/11(82%) and 11/11(100%), respectively. The seropositive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was only 1/11(9%), while the seropositive rates of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen were 9/11(82%) and 7/11(64%), respectively, Although the patients had no symptoms related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, they were noted to have inverted helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting that hemophiliacs with long-term factor VIII injections have a high incidence of HIV and HCV infection, with immunological aberration.
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PMID:HIV, HBV and HCV seropositivity in hemophiliacs. 172 73

The total number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in South Africa was estimated from a number of sources of seroprevalence for each of these viruses. A total figure of 122,951 HIV-infected individuals in South Africa was arrived at for January 1991; 69% (85,247) were from the urban black population and 20% (24,474) from the rural black population. The male homosexual population constituted some 7% (8,175) of the total, 94% of whom were white; however, this probably represented a substantial underestimation of the size of this population. A total of 1,475,223 carriers of HBV virus was calculated for South Africa from data obtained from 1986 to 1990. Of these, 88% (1,302,741) came from the rural black population and 8% (114,118) from the urban black population. Extrapolations from small sample numbers and often with broad assumptions are subject to considerable error. Nevertheless, estimated total figures do provide a vivid picture of the extent of these two epidemics.
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PMID:Estimations of the total size of the HIV and hepatitis B epidemics in South Africa. 173 24

Dental professionals attending the annual meeting of the College of Dental Surgeons of British Columbia in June 1990 were involved in a survey to assess the prevalence of infection with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency viruses, the acceptance of vaccination for protection against Hepatitis B virus, and the compliance with infection control guidelines. Participation was voluntary and anonymous and required completion of a questionnaire and donation of a blood sample. Four hundred one of 1,995 convention attendees participated. Fourteen were found to have markers of Hepatitis B infection; 13 had antibodies to both Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis B core antigen, and one was positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen. One individual had markers for both Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses. None tested positive for antibody to Human Immunodeficiency virus. Vaccination against Hepatitis B virus was reported overall by 67 percent of the participants, but dentists and hygienists had a higher rate of vaccination (82 percent and 81 percent, respectively) when compared to dental assistants (41 percent; P less than .001). Acceptance of infection control procedures was high, with 92 percent of participants reporting use of gloves for all patients and 82 percent reporting use of masks and eye protection.
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PMID:Hepatitis & HIV: prevalence of infection and changing attitudes toward infection control procedures in British Columbia. 174 15

Concern over the transmission of communicable diseases through donor tissue has recently increased. Nine hundred and fifty-nine pieces of banked homologous irradiated fascia lata have been distributed to ophthalmic plastic surgeons nationwide over the past 3 years since the establishment of the Wills Eye Hospital Fascia Lata Bank. Safeguards taken against the transmission of disease include strict donor selection; negative antibody testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg); heat treatment; and radiation sterilization with 4 million rads of cobalt-60 gamma radiation. To date, no cases have been reported of the transmission of HIV through surgical implantation of banked irradiated homologous fascia lata.
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PMID:HIV and banked fascia lata. 176 28

The rat-rat hybridoma technique has some definite advantages in the three systems (mouse, rat or human system) currently utilized for monoclonal antibody production. The study on rat-rat hybridoma technique and its application to the productions of monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) are described as examples in this paper.
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PMID:Study on rat-rat hybridoma technique and production of rat monoclonal antibodies against HIV and HBsAg. 177 18


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