Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective analysis of all renal biopsies (961) performed in two regional hospitals in Hong Kong during 1977-1985 revealed that IgA nephropathy was the most frequently encountered glomerulopathy. Lipoid nephrosis (minimal change nephrotic syndrome) remained the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. The frequencies of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, and idiopathic membranous nephropathy were lower than in other populations. Membranous nephropathy was frequently associated with hepatitis B virus antigenemia, especially in children. Other chronic infections did not have a significant pathogenetic role in glomerular diseases. Lupus nephritis was the commonest secondary glomerular disease in our study, and over seventy percent of the renal biopsies showed advanced pathologies with either diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy.
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PMID:Pattern of glomerulonephritis in Hong Kong. 343 12

Abnormal lymphocyte function has been postulated to have a pathogenetic role in nephrotic syndrome. In an attempt to investigate the pathogenetic role of lymphocyte subsets in human glomerular disease, we studied 110 children suffering from nephritis during the acute nephrotic phase or nephritis without steroid treatment, 4 weeks later after steroid treatment, in remission and relapse. These patients included minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) 15 cases, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FGS) 6 cases, mesangial cell proliferative nephropathy (MesPGN) 42 cases, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 2 cases, hepatitis B surface antigenemia associated with membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) 10 cases, IgA mesangial nephropathy (IgAN) without nephrotic syndrome 7 cases, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) 24 cases and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) 4 cases. There was no significant difference in the total lymphocyte count of each different pathological group of nephritis except that lymphopenia was noted in the CGN patients. When the lymphocyte phenotypic profile was examined, OKT8 cells were significantly increased in the MesPGN patients and both OKT4 and OKT8 cells were significantly increased in HBVMN. Comparison of MCNS and MesPGN during the acute nephrotic phase showed the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased significantly in MesPGN. Four weeks after steroid treatment, OKT4 cells decreased both in MCNS and MesPGN being pronounced in MCNS. In the remission stage with steroid treatment the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased in MCNS and was mildly elevated in MesPGN. In relapse, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was the same as it was during the onset of nephrotic phase. MCNS cases were steroid responsive whereas in MesPGN there were frequent relapses or partial steroid response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:T cell subsets in glomerulonephritis. 348 14

Membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN) in South African black and mixed race children with the nephrotic syndrome is much commoner than in First-World countries. In this survey of 388 nephrotic children MGN was found in 51.9% of black and 20.9% of mixed race boys, and 25% of black and 5.6% of mixed race girls respectively, but was not present in 53 white and Asiatic nephrotic children. Aetiological or associated factors were documented in 84%: hepatitis B virus infection in 73%, congenital syphilis in 6% and systemic lupus erythematosus, D-penicillamine toxicity and Salmonella infective endocarditis in 1 case each. The prognosis depends on the cause and is much better than for adults with idiopathic MGN. After an average follow-up period of 4.5 years the overall remission rate was 78% and mean time to remission 30 months. One patient with syphilitic MGN died 15 years later; 3 patients are in mild renal failure. Corticosteroids and other immuno-suppressive therapy were ineffective and may do harm. The frequent occurrence of MGN is related to the high prevalence of predisposing infections in the affected population groups, and socio-economic rather than ethnic factors are important.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephropathy in childhood. 360 11

The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in the sera of 311 patients with various forms of primary glomerulonephritis and 43 patients with lupus nephritis. HBs antigenaemia was detected in 69 of the 311 patients (22 per cent) with primary glomerulonephritis and this prevalence of HBsAg carrier was significantly higher than that in the general population (p less than 0.001). These patients had no clinical or biochemical findings to suggest acute or chronic liver disease. A higher HBs antigenaemia carrier rate was not observed in patients with lupus nephritis. Three glomerulopathological entities, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of HBs antigenaemia compared with the general population (p less than 0.001). Glomerular deposits of HBsAg and/or hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) were detected in 41, 61, and 60 per cent of renal biopsy specimens from patients with membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with persistent HBs antigenaemia respectively. During the mean study period of 40 months (range 12-180), 14 per cent of these patients with hepatitis-associated glomerulonephritis developed progressive renal failure, although none required maintenance dialysis. Our study suggests that hepatitis B virus antigenaemia may play a significant role in the development of specific forms of glomerulonephritis and that these hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritides can run an indolent but relentless progressive clinical course.
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PMID:The clinico-pathologic features of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. 368 45

Multiple serum samples from 27 children with hepatitis B virus (HBV)--mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) were screened for the presence of immune complexes by an antigen-specific method. For this purpose an immunoenzymatic test was set up, applying a solid-phase Clq and the enzyme-conjugated antibodies: anti-HBs and anti-HBe. Complexes of HBsAg were found in sera of 15 children (55.6%), while complexes of HBeAg--in sera of 12 children (44.4%). Molecular weight of complexes was measured in sera of three patients, disclosing the values of 2.5-3.3 X 10(6) daltons for HBsAg complexes and 2.5-3.2 X 10(5) daltons for HBeAg complexes. Immune deposits consisting of hepatitis B virus antigen (HBeAg), IgG and C3 were detected in the glomeruli by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent assays respectively, in 3 out of 4 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). No genetic defect of the complement system was found by the measurement of total haemolytic activity of complement and concentration of early complement components. From the analysis of clinical and laboratory data it was concluded that the appearance of HBeAg complexes correlated with more severe course of the disease.
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PMID:Immune complexes in sera of children with HBV-mediated glomerulonephritis. 377 17

The laboratory and pathological findings are reported for 16 children with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and compared with those of 12 children with idiopathic MGN. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in all children with HBV associated MGN and serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in 11 of the 15 examined. Five patients with HBV associated MGN, but none with idiopathic MGN, showed reduced serum C3 values. Otherwise there was no difference in laboratory findings. HBeAg was detected in the glomeruli of all 7 patients with HBV-associated MGN examined but HBsAg was not detected. Of the 14 children with HBV-associated MGN examined by electron microscopy, all but one showed small mesangial deposits and 4 subendothelial deposits, whereas of 9 with idiopathic MGN only 2 showed mesangial deposits and none subendothelial deposits. Thus most of the children with HBV-associated MGN are characterized by some laboratory and pathological features of membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis in addition to those of idiopathic MGN. These observations are consistent with HBV inducing a spectrum of glomerulopathy from typical MGN to typical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis B antigen in children: a comparison with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. 397 79

A 3 year old boy who had chronic active hepatitis type B with features of ongoing liver damage and active virus replication, developed acute membranous glomerulonephritis two years after the clinical onset of liver disease, when both hepatitis B e antigen and antibody were detectable in serum. After withdrawal of short term steroid treatment and resolution of hepatitis B virus replication, both glomerulonephritis and chronic hepatitis went into remission. Some months later hepatitis B surface antigen was no longer found in serum.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus replication in acute glomerulonephritis with chronic active hepatitis. 401 77

Fourteen out of 63 children with primary glomerular disease had membranous nephropathy (MN) that was not associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the sera of all 13 patients tested, but was found in only 6.25% of their parents, in 28.57% of their siblings, and in 18.8% of the children with other types of primary glomerular disease. These findings strongly suggest that MN in children in Taiwan is closely related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and that, in most, if not all, instances it is due to horizontal infection rather than vertical transmission. However, the antigen antibody system involved remains to be identified. In this study, 4 out of 12 cases also showed abnormal elevation of SGOT and SGPT. Liver biopsies obtained from 9 patients demonstrated chronic persistent hepatitis in 3 cases, focal necrosis in 2, and minimal change or normal histology in 4. Although both the liver and kidney diseases appeared to be relatively benign during a limited period of observation, the long-term influence of the diseases and their final outcomes remain to be clarified. With the strong association of HBs antigenemia and MN in children, and the high incidence of HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis in MN, an investigation of liver function and HBsAg carriage in patients with MN and a study of renal function in HBsAg carriers are highly recommended.
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PMID:Association of hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigenemia and membranous nephropathy in children in Taiwan. 635 38

A series of 244 renal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with glomerulonephritis included 21 from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). Of these patients 14 (10,7%) were Black, 1 was Indian and 6 were White (5,5%). It is suggested that the high frequency of MN in Black patients may be associated with the high carrier rate (7 - 10%) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Black population. Twenty of the 21 renal specimens were investigated for deposits of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. HBsAg deposits were found in 13 of the specimens obtained from Black patients, in the specimen obtained from the Indian patient and in 1 of the 6 specimens obtained from White patients. HBV appears to be an important aetiological factor in MN in Black South African patients.
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PMID:The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen in membranous nephropathy in black and white South Africans. 636 97

Although controversial, several reports have linked rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). In none of these studies was an infectious etiology such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) thoroughly pursued. We evaluated a patient with classic RA and MGN unassociated with nephrotoxic drugs. Although negative by routine serological methods, hepatitis B surface antigen was eventually demonstrated in the serum, using immune complex dissociative techniques, and in the renal glomeruli, using tissue immunofluorescence. A review of the literature provides no conclusive evidence for a causal relationship of RA to MGN. The renal pathogenic potential of HBV, however, is well documented. Future use of immune complex dissociative techniques and tissue immunofluorescence may be of value in clarifying otherwise unexplained MGN in the setting of RA.
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PMID:Rheumatoid arthritis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a role for immune complex dissociative techniques. 637


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