Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight renal biopsies from 12 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), eight patients with lupus MN, and eight patients with hepatitis B virus-(HBV) related MN were investigated by immunofluorescence for the presence of C5b-C9 neoantigens of the terminal sequence of complement and for S-protein, which is a regulatory component of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Glomerular MAC was detected in 50% of patients with idiopathic MN, in 75% of patients with lupus MN, and in only 12.5% of the HBsAg carrier with MN. Glomerular adhesions to Bowman's capsule were associated with a high incidence of glomerular MAC deposition only in patients with idiopathic MN. Lupus patients had a high incidence of MAC deposition and patients with HBV-related MN had a low incidence of MAC deposition, in both cases regardless of the presence of glomerular capsular adhesions. It is unlikely that deposition of S-protein could inhibit the glomerular damage in idiopathic or lupus MN because significant glomerular capsular adhesions and MAC deposition were observed despite the concomitant glomerular deposition of S-protein. It was concluded that activation of terminal components of complement may play a role in glomerular injuries in idiopathic and lupus MN. The rare occurrence of glomerular MAC deposition in HBV-related MN could be related to its distinct immunopathogenetic mechanism and its indolent clinical course.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of the membrane attack complex of complement and S-protein in idiopathic and secondary membranous nephropathy. 267 24

To elucidate the prognosis and the causative viral antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated childhood membranous nephropathy (MN), the clinical course and glomerular HBV antigens were studied in 52 HBsAg carrier children with MN (40 boys, 12 girls). With Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies, hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) was detected in the glomerular deposits in 41 (95%) of 43 cases but HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in none. HBeAg was detected in sera from 43 (93%) of 46 children examined. These results suggest that HBeAg plays an important role in the development of MN in HBsAg carrier children. During the follow-up period (mean, 4 years), complete remission was found in 64% and 92% of the patients followed for one and seven years, respectively; only one child had mild renal function impairment. These findings suggest a favorable outcome of HBsAg-associated childhood MN. The patient's age, disease duration, amount of glomerular deposit, focal sclerosis and disease stage appeared to affect the clinical course. HBsAg seroconversion to HBsAg-negative occurred in seven cases, and all (100%) had quick remission in two years. In patients with persistent HBsAg carriage, serum HBeAg status alone did not correlate with remission rate and remission occurred usually before the HBeAg seroconversion to anti-HBe. These findings, together with the predominant horizontal infection in these children in contrast to the frequent vertical (perinatal) transmission from HBsAg carrier mothers in HBsAg carriers in Taiwan, suggest that factors other than HBeAg per se may also play important roles.
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PMID:Membranous nephropathy in 52 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children in Taiwan. 268 51

We report on a 7-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome due to a membranous glomerulonephritis. The disease was caused by a persistent hepatitis B antigenemia without formation of antibodies. It was possible to show diffuse deposits of HBs antigen in the glomerular basement membrane and the mesangium by immunohistology. Therapy with cyclophosphamide resulted in an acute exacerbation of the hepatitis and, consequently, in a seroconversion. Subsequently, the nephrotic syndrome and the HBs antigenemia disappeared, and the hepatitis healed.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B associated membraneous glomerulonephritis: healing following drug-induced reactivation of hepatitis]. 274 48

The nature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens in HBV-associated glomerulonephritides was investigated in 7 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with membranous nephropathy, 16 HBsAg carriers with mesangial IgA nephropathy, and 1 HBsAg carrier with a mixed picture of membranous and IgA nephropathies. Consecutive frozen sections of renal biopsy specimens were stained with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against HBV antigens. Glomerular capillary deposits of HBeAg and HBcAg were detected in 66% and 57% of renal biopsies from HBsAg carriers with membranous nephropathy by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, respectively. The discrepancy in the immunofluorescence findings resulted from the cross-reactivity of the polyclonal anti-HBcAg antiserum because it contains both anti-HBcAg and anti-HBeAg activities. Mesangial deposits of HBsAg were detected in 40% and 21% of renal biopsies from HBsAg carriers with mesangial IgA nephropathy by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, respectively. The authors' study confirms that HBeAg is the predominant HBV antigen deposited in HBV-associated membranous nephropathy, and glomerular HBsAg deposits are detected in some HBsAg carrier with mesangial IgA nephropathy. Careful testing and evaluation of each antibody are necessary to prevent misinterpretation.
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PMID:Comparison of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in determination of glomerular deposits of hepatitis B virus antigens in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritides. 275 32

Fourteen children with biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV-MN) were evaluated biochemically and serologically and compared to 45 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The mean ages of the two groups were similar (4.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.6 years). Serum albumin levels were similar in both groups, but serum cholesterol was significantly reduced in children with HBV-MN compared to INS. Serum C3 was also significantly depressed in children with HBV-MN compared to INS, but no differences in C4 levels were noted. Serum alanine transaminase as well as aspartate transaminase concentrations were significantly elevated in children with HBV-MN compared to those with INS, suggesting the presence of chronic hepatitis in children with HBV-MN. Hepatitis B surface and e antigens were present in serum of all children with HBV-MN, but only 54% had circulating HBV-DNA particles demonstrable in their serum. Serum C3 levels were higher in children with HBV-MN and circulating HBV-DNA, compared to those without circulating HBV-DNA. No other serological or biochemical differences occurred between these two groups. Glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 occurred in 91% of children with HBV-MN; but IgM deposition appeared to occur more frequently and with greater intensity in those children positive for circulating HBV-DNA. Antibody to delta antigen was negative in all children with HBV-MN. We conclude that biochemical and serological differences can be identified between HBV-MN and INS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical and serological characteristics of children with membranous nephropathy due to hepatitis B virus infection: correlation with hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B DNA and hepatitis D. 304 Dec 94

The pathogenic role of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for glomerulonephritis (GN) is not clear. The frequency of HBsAg has been studied in sera of 732 consecutive patients who have glomerular diseases by using radioimmunoassay. The frequency of HBs antigenemia was 11.9%, which was not different from that in the general population of South Korea. Of the 87 HBsAg seropositive patients with GN, 29 cases with membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) and eighteen with membranous nephropathy (MN) were diagnosed as having HBV-associated nephropathy. Eighty-seven and one-half percent of the adults with MPGN and 80% of the children with MN were HBsAg carries. The morphologic findings and laboratory data in cases with HBV-associated MPGN and MN did not differ significantly from those observed in patients with MPGN and MN without circulating HBsAg. Yet mesangial deposits were more frequently noted in patients with HBV-associated MN when compared to others with idiopathic MN. Glomerular deposits of HBsAg were not detected using indirect immunofluorescence technique. Even though HBsAg was not demonstrable within the glomeruli, HBV infection seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MPGN in Korean adults and MN in children.
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PMID:A renal biopsy study of hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy in Korea. 319 74

Prompted by our impression that microtubuloreticular complexes (MTRC) are frequently observed during electron microscopy at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, we reviewed all specimens submitted for routine ultrastructural examination during a 1-year period. Our impression was confirmed. MTRC were present in a high proportion of cases, especially in vascular endothelium of renal biopsies. As all 9 cases of hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis were positive for MTRC, we also reviewed the previous 20 cases with this diagnosis and these were also all positive. Hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis is common in our region. MTRC are probably induced by a supposedly uncommon heat labile alpha-interferon. Elevated serum levels of this interferon are known to occur in systemic lupus erythematosus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We propose that children with intercurrent infection in our region frequently respond with alpha-interferon, promoting MTRC formation.
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PMID:Frequent occurrence of microtubuloreticular complexes encountered during routine ultrastructural examination at a children's hospital. 323 6

The specificity of IgG on the glomerular capillary wall was investigated in 3 patients with hepatitis B virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis. The immune deposits on the capillary walls were stained by immunofluorescent antibody against HBe antigen and IgG. The eluted fluid (0.02 M citrate buffer, pH 3.2) from renal biopsy slices contained significant activity of HBe antibody, but not of HBs and HBc antibodies. After elution, the disappearance of IgG on the capillary walls was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Heterologous complement activation with fresh guinea pig complement was positive in the glomerular capillary walls from all 3 patients. Our observations support the notion that this disease is caused by HBe antigen-anti-HBe immune complexes.
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PMID:Presence of HBe antibody in glomerular deposits in membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with hepatitis B virus infection. 323 99

From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 children with either nephrotic syndrome (NS; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy proteinuria (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese children. All of the children were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial nephropathy (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to steroids and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to steroids and frequent relapses. As for secondary glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. Membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of membranous nephropathy in children in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of NS or persistent heavy proteinuria. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of MPGN are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries.
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PMID:Childhood nephrotic syndrome and heavy proteinuria in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study. 325 22

The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in the sera of 122 patients with primary IgA nephropathy. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigenemia was detected in 21 patients (17.2%) and this was significantly higher than the prevalence of HBsAg carrier in the general population (p less than 0.01). These patients had no clinical or laboratory findings to suggest acute or chronic liver diseases. Two glomerulopathic entities: mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with predominant mesangial IgA deposits and a mixed picture of membranous nephropathy with capillary IgG deposits and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA deposits, were observed in this group of patients. Glomerular deposits of HBsAg, hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), and both HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in three, five and four renal biopsy specimens respectively. Replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was suggested in two of the six renal biopsy specimens examined by HBV DNA gene probe. During the mean study period of 40 months (range 12-84), 19% of these patients with hepatitis B virus-associated IgA nephropathy developed progressive renal deterioration and one required maintenance dialysis therapy. Our study suggests that hepatitis B virus antigenemia may play a significant pathogenetic role in the development of IgA nephropathy in areas of high HBV endemicity and these HBV-associated IgA nephropathies can run an indolent but relentless slowly progressive clinical course.
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PMID:Strong association between IgA nephropathy and hepatitis B surface antigenemia in endemic areas. 329 54


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