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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nephrotic syndrome developed in two children who carried hepatitis B virus. Both their serums contained hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Two physicochemically and immunologically different categories of HBeAg activity were identified in their serums--i.e., small molecular (free) and large molecular (associated with IgG). Their kidney-biopsy specimens disclosed pathologic changes typical of membranous glomerulonephritis. By a fluorescent-antibody technic, HBeAg was found to be deposited in diffuse granular fashion, along glomerular capillary walls together with IgG and beta1C, but no deposition of hepatitis B surface antigen was detected. The presence of HBeAg in association with IgG both in the serum and in the kidneys of these patients suggests that HBeAg caused membranous glomerulonephritis by inducing the formation and deposition of immune complexes.
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PMID:Free "small" and IgG-associated "large" hepatitis B e antigen in the serum and glomerular capillary walls of two patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. 37 May 92

This appears to be the first reported case of membranous glomerulonephritis in a pediatric asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus in North America. Routine immunofluorescent methods were used to identify the hepatitis B surface antigen in glomeruli. In addition, the glomerular immune deposits were searched for the known ultrastructural forms of the virus.
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PMID:Hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in a child. 39 Oct 21

Thirty of 85 children with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) had associated extraglomerular disorders. The relation of these associations to membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is discussed. The causal relationship of acute hepatitis (5 cases), persistent hepatitis B antigenemia (6 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (2 cases) and syphilis (1 case) may be ascertained; in similar conditions a definite antigen (Ag) has been found in MGN deposits. The association with SS or SA hemoglobinopathy (3 cases) ans with a preceding streptococcal infection (4 cases) raises the possible responsibility of renal tubular epithelium (RTE) Ag and of a streptococcal Ag. D-penicillamine therapy (1 case) is a well-known cause of MGN although the acting Ag remains unknown. Four children had serum sickness-like symptoms, two had hematologic disorders and two had proximal tubular dysfunction, one of them with proven anti-tubular and anti-alveolar basement membrane antibodies. A decrease in plasma C4, Clq, and factor B with normal C3 was frequently observed. The multiple Ag previously described as causative of MGN are recalled. The prevalent incidence of HBsAg is stressed, and the necessity for further investigations in patients with MGN in order to find an underlying disease is emphasized.
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PMID:Membranous glomerulonephritis with extra-renal disorders in children. 44 58

A total of 163 Japanese children (90 boys and 73 girls, ranging in age from 3 to 15) with proteinuria and/or hematuria were studied for renal histopathology using biopsy materials by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluolescence method. Eleven patients were diagnosed as membranous nephropathy (MN) while the other 152 patients had various renal diseases other than MN. All patients with MN did not have any known predisposing of associated caused. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum, as determined by a reversed passive hemagglutination method (RPHA), was positive in 100% of the patients with MN, while it was positive in 4.6% of the patients with other renal diseases. The difference was statistically significant. Of the 11 mothers of the children with MN, six were positive for HBsAg, and one of the remaining 2 was positive for antibody to HGsAg (anti-HBs) and another was not examined. These findings suggest that MN among Japanese children are mainly, if not exclusively, caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and that the virus is transmitted from the mother to child in most instances. In each case of HBsAg-associated glomerulonephritis reported, HBsAg was detected, by immunofluorescence, in the glomeruli, with a distribution similar to that of immunoglobulins. However deposits of HBsAg could not be demonstrated in the glomeruli of the 9 patients with MN studied. Pathogenic immune complexes in the glomerular lesions with subepithelial deposits have been shown to weigh less than 1 million daltons. Since the intact 20-nm HBsAg has a molecular weight of more than 2.4 million daltons, probably most immune complexes containing it would be very large and rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. Therefore, this failure to detect glomerular staining with anti-HBs antiserum may mean that MN is caused by some other antigen, of a lower molecular weight, associated with HBV, but not necessarily by HB surface antigen.
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PMID:[Etiology of membranous nephropathy in children: Association between membranous nephropathy and hepatitis B virus infection (author's transl)]. 54 9

The authors report nine cases of chronic glomerulonephritis with positive hepatitis B antigen (AgHB) (8 cases) and positive anti-AgHb (1 case). Five patients had membranous glomerulonephritis. The sub-type was ad in 6 cases and ay in 2. In 3 members of two families of patients, AgHB was positive with the same sub-type as the subject studied. In 5 cases, liver biopsy showed signs of chronic hepatitis. According to the authors, a positive AgHB in glomerulonephritis is often associated with clinically latent chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:[Chronic glomerulonephritis with Hb antigen]. 121 7

Two Chinese boys, aged 3.5 and 5 years, developed nephrotic syndrome and were chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). Renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis and liver biopsy showed chronic persistent hepatitis. They were given interferon-alpha-2a at a dose of 5 MU/m2 on alternate days for 12 and 16 weeks after 2 years of persistent nephrotic syndrome. Patient 1 showed complete remission and resolution of hepatosplenomegaly, but his serum remained positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA. Patient 2 showed only a transient clinical response and seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe status. Although not always successful, interferon treatment should be considered in severe persistent nephrotic states, since there is at present no satisfactory treatment for this form of glomerulonephropathy.
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PMID:Interferon treatment for hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in two Chinese children. 851 10

Crescentic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in two chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. In all three biopsies performed, hepatitis B e antigen was found in glomerular capillary tufts. The first patient presented with nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. The glomerular pathology revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis with endocapillary proliferation, and she recovered spontaneously with normal renal function over the following 6 mo despite a persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia. The other patient presented with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. Hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy was diagnosed on the first biopsy, and he did well on symptomatic treatment for 20 mo. The nephrotic syndrome recurred and subsequently he developed acute renal failure a month following interferon treatment. The repeated biopsy revealed a crescentic glomerulonephritis that was associated with mixed membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulopathies. This patient responded to immunosuppression and plasma exchange with residual impairment of renal function. He has been stable after 18 mo follow-up.
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PMID:Crescentic glomerulonephritis related to hepatitis B virus. 149 31

Clinical features and therapeutical approaches in 10 cases of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) have been reviewed in an attempt to identify predictive indices of prognosis, and features distinguishing between idiopathic and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) related forms of glomerulopathy. Five of these children (age range 8-10 years) had HBsAg associated MGN and the other five (age range 12-16) lacking this antigen were defined as idiopathic MGN. The follow up was nine months to 10 years (mean 4.3 years). All had nephrotic syndrome during the course of their disease. There were no distinguishing clinical features nor any difference in the outcome between these two groups. None of the clinical findings including the presence of HBsAg, adversely affected outcome. All patients in the idiopathic group and three of the five in the HBsAg related group received immunosuppressive treatment. Overall complete remission was achieved in four of the five HBsAg associated patients and in three of the idiopathic patients plus partial remission in one of each group. Immunosuppressive treatment caused no complications, and beneficial results of the treatment particularly in the idiopathic MGN group were observed.
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PMID:Clinical review of idiopathic versus hepatitis B surface antigen related forms of membranous glomerulonephritis. 154 81

The clinicopathological features are described in 119 Arab children in Saudi Arabia with the nephrotic syndrome. The clinical and laboratory data are similar to those described in other parts of the world. However, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) was found in 21 of 66 biopsies (31.8%), giving a frequency of 17.6% of all children with the nephrotic syndrome. Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was diagnosed in 17 biopsies (25.8%) and in 58 patients (48.7%). Onset of the nephrotic syndrome was at less than 1 year of age in 17 patients (14.3%). Seven children had 11 episodes of peritonitis. Seven children had positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their serum: renal biopsy carried out on four of them showed membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in three, and four of the seven patients developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There were nine deaths, all in patients with end-stage renal disease: six of the deaths occurred in infants. The pattern of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Saudi Arabia is different from the pattern in tropical countries.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. 169 74

We report the first case of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related membranous nephropathy (MN) that progressed to crescentic transformation superimposed on a mixed membranous and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. The patient developed acute renal failure, which partially responded to pulse methylprednisolone therapy, and subsequently recovered after plasma exchange.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy with mesangiocapillary transition and crescentic transformation. 173 87


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