Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The records of one hundred and four patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma seen over a two year period at the National University Hospital were analysed to elucidate the clinical features of our local patients and to assess their response to various therapeutic modalities. Chinese males were over-represented with a peak frequency in the sixth to eighth decade of life. Seventy-five percent of the patients were HBsAg positive and at least 88% had evidence of previous Hepatitis B infection. Ninety-one percent were symptomatic at presentation with pain being the most common symptom. Hepatomegaly with features of cirrhosis were the main physical findings. Seventy percent of the patients presented within three months after the onset of symptoms. The majority of patients had stage II or III disease at diagnosis. Twenty percent of patients had normal alpha-fetoprotein levels. Chemotherapy did not appear to show a survival benefit. Curative surgical resection was feasible in about 10% of patients and it remains the only chance for long term survival. There is an urgent need to identify more effective drugs or other modalities to treat this common and rapidly fatal malignancy. Identification of high risk patients should prompt screening with both serum alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasonography of the liver.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma--a case series of 104 patients. 165 20

The multistep aspects of carcinogenesis including initiation and promotion problems in both human and experimental hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed, especially in terms of oncogene and antioncogene changes. It is shown that the H-ras activation may be an event occurring in relatively late phase of carcinogenesis in the mouse systems, and that hepatitis B integration frequently causes host chromosomal rearrangement possibly leading to inactivation of cancer suppressor genes. In addition, significance of endogenously-produced nitrosamines in hepatocarcinogenesis is pointed out.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of human cancer]. 165 95

Using integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the cancer cells as a genetic marker, clonal origin of intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma was studied by Southern blot technique. Comparing 5 cases of postoperative recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with their primary tumors, it was found that 1 case had identical HBV DNA integration patterns, 3 cases were of different clonality and 1 case with multiple nodular recurrences contained either a unicentric origin or a new distinctive clone origin. The results suggest that, in addition to recurrence from residual cancer cells, in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma may develop repeatedly during a continuous process of carcinogen action, even after a radical resection.
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PMID:[Clonal origin of intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 165 85

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 110 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were stained for hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Eighty-four % of these patients were HBxAg positive in their tumor cells. Among the 110 cases studied, 80 had adjacent nontumorous tissue in the same block, and 65 of these nontumorous liver tissues stained positive for HBxAg (81%). HBsAg was positive in 19% of cases within tumor tissue and 61% in surrounding nontumorous tissue. HBcAg was positive in 11% of cases within tumor tissue and 26% in surrounding nontumorous tissue. These findings show that HBxAg is a common marker in the liver of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated primary hepatocellular carcinoma and that it is closely associated with tumor cells in these individuals. In addition, the finding of HBxAg in the absence of detectable HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver tissues of many HBsAg carriers suggests that HBxAg could be expressed independent of HBV replication and implies that the synthesis of this antigen may be directed from integrated HBV DNA templates. The finding of HBxAg in the nucleus of hepatocytes from primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients with dysplasia, combined with the known trans-activating properties of HBxAg, implies that HBxAg plays one or more important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. The finding of HBxAg in bile duct epithelium and cholangiocarcinoma tissues is compatible with the hypothesis that HBV may contribute to this other primary tumor type in the liver. Together, these results further implicate HBxAg in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers.
Cancer Res 1991 Sep 15
PMID:Hepatitis B x antigen in hepatitis B virus carrier patients with liver cancer. 165 8

Liver cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world with a pronounced geographic variation. The incidence of hepatocellular cancer is low in the Western countries compared to the high prevalence in South Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Risk factors, early signs and symptoms, and the strategies for early detection are discussed. Primary prevention involves conducting mass immunization for hepatitis B virus in endemic countries along with education programs to improve food hygiene, decreasing alcohol intake, using sterile implements for immunizations and injections, smoking cessation, avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions and screening of blood for transfusions.
Cancer Nurs 1991 Aug
PMID:A worldwide perspective on the epidemiology and primary prevention of liver cancer. 165 42

In order to assess the association between antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the interaction of anti-HCV with other HCC risk factors in Taiwan, a total of 127 pairs of newly diagnosed HCC patients and healthy community controls were studied. Case-control pairs were individually matched for age (+/- 3 years), sex, residence, and ethnicity. Serum samples from study subjects were examined for anti-HCV by enzyme immunoassays as well as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg) by radioimmunoassays using commercial kits. The habits of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and peanut consumption were obtained through standardized interviews according to a structured questionnaire. Both the anti-HCV as well as the carrier status of HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly associated with HCC showing a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of 24.8 for carriers of HBsAg alone, 33.5 for carriers of both HBsAg and HBeAg, and 23.7 for those who were positive for anti-HCV. The population-attributable risk percentage was estimated as 3% for anti-HCV alone, 69% for HBsAg carrier status alone, and 6% for both anti-HCV and HBsAg in Taiwan. There were also synergistic effects on HCC development for anti-HCV with HBsAg carrier status, cigarette smoking, and habitual alcohol drinking.
Cancer Res 1991 Oct 15
PMID:Association between hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. 165 59

The incidence of the two principle types of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) in five different areas of Thailand was compared with the prevalence of exposure to the main risk factors in samples of the population. Cholangiocarcinoma showed striking variations in incidence, which correlated closely with markers of exposure to the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. However, there was little geographic variation in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma or in prevalence of the major risk factors (chronic carriage of hepatitis B virus and exposure to aflatoxin), and apparently there was little relationship between them.
Cancer 1991 Dec 01
PMID:The role of infection by Opisthorchis viverrini, hepatitis B virus, and aflatoxin exposure in the etiology of liver cancer in Thailand. A correlation study. 165 55

Cytogenetic analysis of metaphase chromosome spreads from peripheral blood cells of hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic carriers and HBV-negative individuals of the same ethnic origin revealed a significantly higher incidence of chromosome breaks and other mitotic aberrations in the HBV chronic carriers. The highest incidence of chromosome breaks was found in chronic carriers who evidenced circulating HBV. Such an association between HBV and these genetic lesions assumes importance in light of the known correlation between HBV chronic carrier status and the high risk of hepatocellular carcinogenesis, where a mutagenic effect of HBV cannot be excluded.
Cancer Res 1991 Nov 15
PMID:Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood cells of hepatitis B virus chronic carriers. 165 81

Viruses may contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: indirectly by inducing immunosuppression or by modifying the host cell genome without persistence of viral DNA; directly by inducing oncoproteins or by altering the expression of host cell proteins at the site of viral DNA integration. Human cancers associated with papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus infections are responsible for approximately 15 percent of the worldwide cancer incidence. Cancer of the cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma account for about 80 percent of virus-linked cancers. Because experimental and epidemiologic data imply a causative role for viruses, particularly in cervical and liver cancer, viruses must be thought of as the second most important risk factor for cancer development in humans, exceeded only by tobacco consumption.
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PMID:Viruses in human cancers. 165 43

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent cancer of the liver and, worldwide, is the seventh most common tumor in males and the ninth in females; the annual incidence is estimated to be 1,000,000 cases newly diagnosed, with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The incidence of HCC is Italy is 6.9 cases for males and 2.7 for females as for the regions with intermediate risk for this tumor. During the last ten years many epidemiological studies, case-control and cohort, have associated HCC to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection establishing that among HBsAg carriers the relative risk of HCC is between 10 and 20 to demonstrate the strength of the association. In addition to HBV infection, cirrhosis, aflatoxins, alcohol, tobacco smoking and oral contraceptives have been evaluated as risk factors for HCC. The importance of the contribution of these risk factors to the development of HCC and the perspectives for prevention in different geographical areas will be discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 166 Mar 11


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