Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

During the last past years, the curative and preventive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has improved. The regular follow-up of patients with chronic liver disease using ultrasound examination and serum alpha-fetoprotein determination, leads to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage, when curative treatment could be quite efficient. Besides surgery which has been the only hope of cure for a few patients, efficient medical procedures--ie chemoembolization, in situ radiotherapy and alcohol injection--are emerging. The place of these different therapeutic procedures is to be defined. In addition, the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma should decrease due to the improvement of preventive policy--ie vaccination against hepatitis B infection and familial screening for genetic hemochromatosis.
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PMID:[Non surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 133 34

In every patient, in particular males of all ages presenting with chronically progressive diseases or cirrhosis of the liver, ultrasonography and an AFP test should be performed at intervals of six months. If hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver (HCC) is suspected (i.e. by increase of AFP or a positive result in ultrasonography), diagnosis should be confirmed by further investigations such as fine-needle biopsy guided by sonography, angiography and CT-scan. Adequate therapeutical measures such as resection of the tumor, chemotherapy, injection of alcohol or liver transplantation can thus be initiated in time. Besides efforts for early diagnosis of carcinoma of the liver, preventive measures (vaccination for hepatitis B, restrictive use of blood transfusion, reduction of alcoholism, thorough therapy of hemochromatosis, etc.) may contribute to the reduction of chronic diseases of the liver and of associated HCC.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 137 85

Several data indicate that iron may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A high prevalence of HCC has been reported in patients with genetic hemochromatosis and the risk of HCC appears to be related to the amount and duration of iron overload. Iron, which has been demonstrated to facilitate persistent hepatitis B or C infection, could also act as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of HCC in patients with hepatitis B or C. Among the possible mechanisms by which iron could exert its cancerogenetic potential, free radicals production responsible for heritable genetic alterations appears to be one of the most important, although the fibrogenetic capability of iron, potentially leading to cirrhosis, cannot be underestimated.
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PMID:Iron in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 166 94

Loss of tumor suppressor genes is involved in the mechanism of tumorigenesis of many solid tumors. We tested 9 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive and 10 HBV-negative hepatocellular carcinomas for loss of somatic heterozygosity using 14 polymorphic probes mapping to chromosomes 4, 11, 13, and 17. Losses were found on all chromosome arms tested. The highest frequency of loss was observed at the D13S1 locus (67%) at band 13q12. Losses were also observed at three other loci on 13q. Twenty-one % of informative cases showed loss on 17p using the probe pYNZ22 which maps near the p53 locus. Losses on 4q were infrequent with 17% found at one locus and no loss at two others. The retinoblastoma gene and the locus on 17p were only inactivated in our HBV-negative tumors, although the numbers were too small for statistical significance. For all loci tested, we found no significant differences in the frequency of losses with HBV status, ethnic background, cirrhosis, grade of tumor, or presence of hemochromatosis.
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PMID:Loss of somatic heterozygosity in hepatocellular carcinoma. 167 14

The preceding discussions outline the various forms of cirrhosis that may be encountered in the elderly population. Cirrhosis is not uncommon in older patients. Although it has been stated that most cirrhosis in the elderly is due to alcohol, these assumptions are perhaps overestimations. In the authors' experience, many older patients are inappropriately labeled with alcoholic liver disease--presumed guilty until proven otherwise--and have subsequently been shown to have nonalcoholic liver disease. Careful investigation is required. Hepatotoxic drug exposure (e.g., to alpha methyldopa, nitrofurantoin, or isoniazid) should be ruled out, and hepatitis B and hepatitis C serology obtained. Primary biliary cirrhosis may occur in both sexes, and thus antimitochondrial antibody should be assayed. Severe heart disease may result in cardiac cirrhosis in the elderly, with ascites and hepatomegaly. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, primary sclerosing cholangitis, idiopathic hemochromatosis, and chronic autoimmune hepatitis may result in advanced cirrhosis in the elderly; appropriate serum studies should be obtained. If questions remain and if therapy may be changed, liver biopsy can be performed. A recent study suggested, however, that the risk of hemorrhage from liver biopsy in the elderly may be increased, especially if malignancy is present. The era of treatment for liver diseases has arrived. Colchicine, methotrexate, ursodeoxycholic acid, and others have shown promise in the treatment of PBC, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Corticosteroids may be lifesaving in autoimmune liver disease. Phlebotomy remains the treatment of choice for hemochromatosis in any age group. Interferons and other antiviral agents are being used in chronic type B and type C hepatitis. Treatment of the complications of cirrhosis in the elderly may be safely accomplished. Advanced age is not a contraindication to variceal sclerotherapy. Vasopressin, however, may be contraindicated in the elderly patient if there is an underlying history of atherosclerotic coronary or peripheral vascular disease. Large-volume paracentesis and peritoneal venous shunting can afford symptomatic relief of ascites, even in the geriatric population. Finally, as noted previously, advanced age is no longer to be considered an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation. The evaluation of liver disease in the elderly may be diagnostically challenging, and its treatment rewarding.
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PMID:Liver diseases in the elderly. 185 64

The prevalence of cholelithiasis (gallstones or previous cholecystectomy) was evaluated in a series of 500 cirrhotic patients from Northern Italy (329 males and 171 females, mean age 58 +/- 11 (SD) yr and 61 +/- 10 yr, respectively). Cirrhosis was related to chronic alcohol abuse in 180 cases, non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis in 160, hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 94 (including 38 with concomitant alcohol abuse), idiopathic hemochromatosis in 44, and miscellaneous causes in the remaining 22 (including 15 with primary biliary cirrhosis). One hundred and sixteen patients (23.2%) had gallstones, and 31 others (6.2%) had previously undergone cholecystectomy, with an overall prevalence of cholelithiasis of 29.4%. The frequency was similar in both sexes (91/329 males, 27.7% vs. 56/171 females, 32.7%; p = NS), showed a slight increase with age, and differed significantly according to etiology (p less than 0.05), with the highest prevalence in the miscellaneous group and the alcoholics (36.4% and 33.3%, respectively). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of cholelithiasis according to Child's A, B, or C class.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis in cirrhosis: analysis of 500 cases. 842 Feb 66

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most common malignancies in the world, develops in chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. Hepatitis B and non-A, non-B infections, alcoholic cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, contamination with aflatoxins, and oral contraceptives are just a few of the conditions that have been associated with this carcinoma. To our knowledge, few cases of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported in the literature. We describe a patient who developed hepatocellular carcinoma 21 years after the onset of the autoimmune hepatitis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. 216 43

In the United States, a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are serologically negative for hepatitis B. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C antibody in the sera of 59 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were HBsAg-negative and had no evidence of alcoholic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis or alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty patients (34%) were hepatitis C antibody-positive and hepatitis B core antibody-negative. All twenty patients had underlying cirrhosis, and seven (35%) had histories of transfusions. Eleven (19%) additional patients were also hepatitis C antibody-positive but were hepatitis B core antibody-positive as well. Twenty-one (36%) patients were both hepatitis C antibody- and hepatitis B core antibody-negative and seven (12%) were hepatitis C antibody-negative but hepatitis B core antibody-positive. The prevalence of hepatitis C antibody was also determined among three other population groups serving as controls and found to be 14% in 28 HbsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 44% in 76 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 0.5% in 200 consecutive volunteer blood donors. We conclude that hepatitis C antibody is prevalent among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and may therefore be a common causative agent of this disease. A significant number of patients with and without cirrhosis, negative for hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B core antibody, remain without a discernible cause for this malignancy. Perhaps a second- or third-generation test will detect hepatitis C antibody in some of these patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. 165 57

Liver transplantation, one of the most technically difficult of all solid organ transplant, is effective in extending the lives of carefully selected adult patients who have end-stage organ failure due to irreversibly damaged livers. Factors that influence the outcome of liver transplantation include the specific liver disease, patient's health status, and the presence or absence of extrahepatic disease or disorder. The outcome of liver transplantation has been improved significantly by the introduction of cyclosporine and continues to be improved by the use of newer immunosuppressants such as OKT3 monoclonal antibody and antithymocyte globulin for the prevention of graft rejection. The quality of life for those who survive one or more years was generally good. Survival rates were good for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, hepatitis B (antigen negative), alcoholic cirrhosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency disease, Wilson's disease, and primary hemochromatosis. Patients with liver malignancies, with the possible exception of those with epithelioid hemangioendoepithelioma, had poor outcomes, while patients presenting with other end-stage liver diseases had variable outcomes.
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PMID:Assessment of liver transplantation. 218 83


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