Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence of chronic hepatitis was found on histological examination in nine out of 15 patients positive for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) who had either chronic renal failure or a functioning renal transplant. Cirrhosis had already developed in three of the patients, who deteriorated rapidly and died. Liver biopsies from the remaining 12 patients showed the features of chronic aggressive hepatitis in two, chronic persistent hepatitis in four, and minor histological lesions in six. The persistence of HBsAg in patients with renal failure or in those receiving immunosuppressive drugs after a transplant must indicate some impairment of the normal immune response to hepatitis-B viral antigens. Nevertheless, cellular or humoral immunity to HBsAg was detected in all eight patients with chronic hepatitis tested compared with only one out of five with minimal liver lesions, which suggests that the severity of the liver damage may be directly related to the degree of immunocompetence.
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PMID:Immune response to HBsAg and the spectrum of liver lesions in HBsAg-positive patients with chronic renal disease. 77 35

The association between anemia and chronic renal failure has been recognized since the early 19th century. With the introduction of regular dialysis treatment, an understanding of all aspects of this uremic complication has become of great importance, including an appreciation of the hazards of multiple blood transfusions. This analysis of hemoglobin levels and transfusion requirements in 84 dialysis patients focuses specific attention on hemolytic mechanisms, blood loss, and the effect of bilateral nephrectomy on erythropoiesis. Because no replacement for renal erythropoietin is available, particular attention must be paid to less important, but partially correctable factors that contribute to anemia. Blood transfusion requirements can then be reduced to a minimum, together with the risks of hypersplenism, hepatitis, and sensitization of the patient to alloantigens.
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PMID:Anemia in hemodialysis patients. 83 15

In order to evaluate the preventive value of specific immune serum globulin against hepatitis type B, we have used this immune globulin in required doses in 12 patients (10 with AU antigen negative and 2 with AU antigen positive) with chronic renal failure who required maintenance hemodialysis for a period of 15 months, and we were able to prevent hepatitis type B in our dialysis patients.
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PMID:Prevention of hepatitis type B with specific immune serum globulin. 97 17

Liver impairment has been evaluated in a consecutive series of 79 patients with chronic renal failure of whom 23 were treated with hemodialysis alone and 37 with hemodialysis and renal transplantation alone. In half of the chronic hemodialysis patients and half of the patients receiving a renal allograft elevation of serum alanine aminotransferases was observed for a shorter or longer period during the study. In half of these cases from both groups the clinical course, laboratory data and liver histology were consistent with virus hepatitis and four patients died from fulminant hepatic failure. In the other half of the patients with elevated transaminases, this was either asymptomatic and unexplained or due to other causes such as septicaemia or urinary leakage. Liver biopsy showed unspecific changes. Renal transplantation was not performed in patients suffering from virus hepatitis, but 12 of the 37 patients who received a renal allograft had elevated aminotransferases at the time of transplantation. In seven of them a marked increase in aminotransferase was observed postoperatively, but none developed clinical sign of liver disease. It is concluded that elevated aminotransferase activity per se is no contraindication to surgical procedures, including renal transplatation, in these patients. However, a liver biopsy should be performed to detect a possible liver disease.
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PMID:Liver impairment during chronic hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. 109 32

In 25 patients with chronic renal failure, treated with haemodialysis (13 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, and 12 cases without evidence of hepatocellular damage), and in 20 healthy persons, blood serum concentrations were determined of prealbumin, ceruloplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and haptoglobin. It was found that the concentrations of these proteins in both subgroups of patients were not significantly different. The concentration of prealbumin was higher, and that of alpha 2-macroglobulin and haptoglobin was significantly lower in comparison with healthy subjects.
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PMID:[Concentration of prealbumin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-macroglobulin and haptoglobin in blood serum of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis treated with hemodialysis for chronic renal failure]. 128 60

Thymic and extrathymic selection processes are responsible for the shape of the T-cell repertoire. T-cell receptor (TCR) variable (V) chain usage, holding a place in tolerance, autoimmunity and response to external agents, was analyzed in 41 patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis treatment. Leukocyte (mean: 6444 +/- 2277 cells/microliters), lymphocyte (mean: 1457 +/- 707 cells/microliters) and T-cell (mean: 67 +/- 16%) counts were within expected limits, but hemodialysis patients showed an impressive increase of TCR V beta 6.7 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and a massive deletion of TCR V beta 8 positive PBL. V beta 6.7 positive PBL were detectable in all hemodialysis patients (n = 41, mean: 2.47 +/- 1.61% PBL) in contrast to a healthy population, where only 45% of subjects expressed V beta 6.7 on PBL (n = 9, mean: 3.50 +/- 1.83% PBL). Only 27% of our hemodialysis patients expressed V beta 8 on PBL (n = 11, mean: 1.00 +/- 1.94% PBL) in contrast to healthy subjects, who presented V beta 8 positive PBL (n = 20, mean: 2.89 +/- 1.23% PBL) in every case. Neither primary kidney disease, nor response to vaccination for hepatitis-B, nor dialyzer membranes used, were associated with these alterations of the TCR V beta-pool. It is likely, that the well-known impairment of the cytokine network in chronic renal failure, uremic toxins or response to infectious agents, may contribute to these different and possibly independent T-cell selection mechanisms in uremia.
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PMID:T-cell selection and T-cell receptor variable beta-chain usage in chronic hemodialysis patients. 153 37

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection was evaluated (Ortho HCV Antibody ELISA Test) in 64 patients with chronic renal failure treated in a single hemodialysis unit. None of these patients was a carrier of hepatitis B virus nor of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were detected in 11 patients (17%). The prevalence was higher in the 13 previously diagnosed of non A, non B hepatitis (77%) than in the 51 without previous hepatitis (2%) (p less than 0.001). A relationship between the infection rate and the number of previous blood transfusions was also observed: 5% in the patients without previous transfusions, 13% in the 30 patients who had received between 1 and 10 blood units and 40% in the 15 who had received more than 10 blood units (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the hepatitis C virus may be responsible for most episodes previously diagnosed as non A, non B hepatitis, and that blood transfusions are the major risk factor.
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PMID:[Hepatitis C virus infection in patients treated with hemodialysis]. 212 6

Strategies abound for the setting of analytical goals in clinical chemistry. Many, especially those more recently proposed for particular clinical situations, are concerned with tests used in diagnosis. We suggest a general theory for the setting of goals in situations that specifically involve the monitoring of individuals. Goals are calculated from the formula CVA less than [(delta c 2/2Z2)-CVB2]1/2, where CVA is the analytical imprecision (as coefficient of variation, CV); delta c is the percentage change in serial results that is considered clinically significant; Z is the Z-statistic, which depends only on the probability selected for statistical significance; and CVB is the average inherent within-subject biological variation (as CV). Examples given show applications in hematology and in monitoring diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and hepatitis. The derived goals are for total random analytical error (imprecision and intermittent systematic variation), and provide objective criteria that should be achieved in practice. The effect of analytical variability on both variability in test results and the probability that a stated change can be considered significant should be calculated whether or not the goals are attained.
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PMID:Setting analytical goals for random analytical error in specific clinical monitoring situations. 201 90

Antibody profiles for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined on 55 serum samples collected from patients with chronic renal failure who were on long-term haemodialysis for periods ranging from 8 months to 5 years and 3 months. The exposure rates for HBV, HAV, CMV, EBV and HIV were 94.5%, 100%, 94.5%, 94.5% and 0% respectively. Among the 7 HBsAg carriers, 1 and 3 were positive for e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), respectively and three negative for both. These 7 carriers were also negative for anti-delta antibody. A comparison of the above antiviral profiles to those of voluntary blood donors and general population in this district revealed tht there is no difference for HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV exposure rates, VDRL, alpha-fetoprotein and CEA were also tested and the results showed no abnormalities. Only 3 patients had abnormally elevated SGOT and SGPT levels; the causes were undetermined because all of them gave positive HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV antibody profiles. In conclusion the screening of HBsAg and VDRL in the blood banks virtually eliminated possible infections of HBV and spirochate by blood transfusion and the patients with chronic renal failure who are maintained on long-term haemodialysis are generally not at higher risks of hepatitis-related viral infections.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-related viral markers in patients under long-term hemodialysis]. 245 21

A 66-year-old woman with ovarian cancer which had metastasized was receiving chemotherapy with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide while undergoing haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Cisplatin concentration in plasma was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. After infusion of 40 mg cisplatin/m2 body-surface peak levels of 2.06 micrograms/ml and 2.29 micrograms/ml were obtained after the second and third treatment cycles, respectively. Terminal half-life was 14 days. Clearance value during haemodialysis was 470 ml/min. Seven treatment cycles were administered, up to doses of 60 mg/m2 cisplatin and 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide. Complete remission occurred after five treatment cycles. But the patient died 22 months after onset of treatment from an acute non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in long-term hemodialysis treatment]. 292 Jun 79


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