Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a large-scale mouse breeder colony persistently infected with Sendai and mouse hepatitis viruses, most adult breeders 8 wk or more of age were shown to have antibodies to both viruses when monitored over a periof of 20 mo. Antibody to Sendai virus, apparently transmitted from the dam, was detected in 76% and 2% of mice aged 3 and 4 wk. respectively, and 64% and 100% of mice aged 6 and 8 wk, respectively. By seroconversion of sentinel cage-mates, a Sendai virus-carrier state was demonstrated with 6-wk-old mice but not with those either 4 wk or 10 wk of age, suggesting that breeder candidates about 6 wk of age may play an important role in establishing and perpetuating Sendai infection in this breeding colony. With mouse hepatitis virus, however, mice aged 4 wk or older seem to be effective transmitters of the virus, while some of these mice were found to have antibody to the virus.
 ...
PMID:Carrier state of antibody and viruses in a mouse breeding colony persistently infected with Sendai and mouse hepatitis viruses. 17 59

Serological surveys on several infections were performed on the inbred mouse strains maintained at the Central Institute for Experimental Animals. In the first survey, 11 strains of mouse, which were 8 weeks of age or older and were kept in separate cages in the same animal room, were tested for antibodies to Salmonella enteritidis, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Tyzzer's organisms, Mycoplasma pulmonis, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus (HVJ), pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) and minute virus of mice (MVM). Positive results were obtained in MHV, HVJ, PVM and MVM. Positive rates for these viruses except for MVM were different among mouse strains. In the second survey, 5 strains of mouse kept together in the same cage for 4 weeks after weaning were examined for MHV and HVJ antibodies. Positive rates to MHV were different among mouse strains as observed in the first survey. For HVJ antibody, no difference was demonstrated in positive rates unlike in the first survey, but the titers varied between the strains. These results suggest the difference in antibody response to natural infections dependent on mouse strains.
 ...
PMID:[Serological examinations on natural infections with mouse pathogens in inbred mouse strains: difference in antibody detection among the strains (author's transl)]. 63 Dec

Based on the know epidemiology of the viruses that account for the bulk of the need for chimpanzees in biomedical research--hepatitis B virus (HBV), non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)--as well as the psychosocial needs of this species, requirements for appropriate isolation conditions for these animals have been reviewed. We believe that animals should generally be housed in groups of at least two in the same cage, and that cages encased in solid-walled isolator boxes for housing of single chimpanzees are unnecessary for virologically adequate isolation for studies of HBV, NANB and HIV, and cause sensory and psychosocial deprivation, which contravenes their psychological well-being.
 ...
PMID:Appropriate conditions for maintenance of chimpanzees in studies with blood-borne viruses: an epidemiologic and psychosocial perspective. 249 32

Sentinel Swiss (CD-1) mice, housed without filter bonnets, were seronegative for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for 8 consecutive months in an experimental colony of CD-1 mice. MHV titers had been detected sporadically in sentinel mice housed in this colony during a 2 year period. In an effort to determine whether MHV was still present in the colony, two methods of exposing sentinel mice to an animal room environment were compared under routine husbandry practices. Eight cages (12 mice per cage; 2 cages per rack) of experimental virus antibody free sentinel mice, housed without filter bonnets, were placed on the bottom shelf of 4 of 12 racks in the room. Twice each week, four cages of sentinel mice received a composite sample of dirty bedding (bedding used previously by mice in the room). The remaining four cages of experimental sentinels received fresh non-used bedding. Sentinel mice were bled at monthly intervals for MHV serology. After 4 months, mice from two cages which received dirty bedding seroconverted to MHV and mice from one cage were positive for Myobia musculi (mites). Three weeks later, all four cages of mice which received dirty bedding were positive for MHV and three were positive for mites. In contrast, only two of four cages of mice which received fresh bedding were positive for MHV and all were negative for mites. These findings indicate the importance of exposing sentinel mice to dirty bedding and that MHV and mites may go undetected for several months in a mouse colony when the incidence levels are low where standard sanitation procedures are used.
 ...
PMID:The use of dirty bedding for detection of murine pathogens in sentinel mice. 254 34

Two isolator caging systems were evaluated against challenge with MHV-Y, an enterotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus. The systems were similar in that they both used an identical shoebox cage equipped with a polycarbonate filter top incorporating a Reemay filter. They differed in that one system supplied HEPA-filtered air through a grommet in the filter lid so that the cage was pressurized slightly. A rack holding 60 cages (30 front and back) was utilized. Thirty cages without filter tops housed one mouse each that had been infected orally with 19,000 ID50 of MHV-Y and an uninfected cagemate. The remaining 30 cages, each housing 2 uninfected mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 cages. Group I cages (controls) had no filter top; Group II cages were equipped with filter tops; and Group III were equipped with filter tops and intracage HEPA-filtered air. The cages housing uninfected mice were interspersed between, above, below and behind cages housing infected mice. The uninfected mice were maintained in contact with the MHV-Y infected mice for 8 weeks. Transmission of MHV-Y was determined serologically by indirect ELISA. All mice housed within the Group I cages (control) seroconverted to MHV, while only 4 mice (2 cages) seroconverted in Group II, and no mice seroconverted in Group III.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of isolator caging systems for protection of mice against challenge with mouse hepatitis virus. 838 64

Helicobacter hepaticus has been associated with naturally occurring hepatitis in certain inbred strains of mice, and in A/JCr mice it has been linked to the development of hepatic adenomas and adenocarcinomas. H. hepaticus was orally inoculated into 30 axenic, outbred female mice, and the mice were studied longitudinally to fulfill Koch's postulates and to ascertain the pathogenic potential of the organism under defined germfree conditions. Ten cage contact mice were also housed in the same germfree isolator to study transmission patterns, and 10 germfree mice were maintained in separate isolators as controls. Mice serially euthanized from 3 weeks through 24 months postinoculation (p.i.) were surveyed by culture and PCR for H. hepaticus in liver and intestinal tissues. Tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes, and sera were assayed for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibody to H. hepaticus and changes in the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase. Inoculated mice and cage contact mice were persistently infected with H. hepaticus as identified by culture and PCR, in both the intestine and, less frequently, the liver, for the duration of the 2-year study. Animals developed persistent chronic hepatitis, and in some animals enterocolitis was noted. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in one H. hepaticus-infected mouse. The level of H. hepaticus serum antibody was highest in experimentally infected mice at 12 to 18 months p.i.; this corresponded in general to the time interval when the highest levels of alanine aminotransferase were recorded. Although cage contact mice became persistently infected with H. hepaticus, lesions were less severe and the levels of serological biomarkers utilized in the study were lower. The H. hepaticus-infected mouse will provide an ideal model to study putative bacterial virulence determinants and how they interact with the host to induce chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.
 ...
PMID:Persistent hepatitis and enterocolitis in germfree mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus. 875 16

Serum autoantibodies to the glycolytic enzyme enolase have been reported in a diverse range of inflammatory, degenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Diseases in which these antibodies have been reported in high incidence include autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (80%, 35 of 44), primary (69%, 60 of 87), and secondary (58%, 14 of 24) membranous nephropathy, cancer-associated retinopathy (68.8%, 11 of 16), autoimmune hepatitis type 1 (60%, 12 of 20), mixed cryoglobulinemia with renal involvement (63.6%, seven of 11), cystoid macular edema (60%, six of 10), and endometriosis (50%, 21 of 41). In autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 patients, all had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with demonstrated antibody reactivity to candida enolase, which is suggestive of cross reactivity or epitope mimicry. Formation of autoantibodies to enolase may be a normal process, with reported incidence in apparently healthy subjects ranging from 0% (zero of 91) to 11.7% (seven of 60). Nonetheless, we suggest that excessive production of these autoantibodies, which are generated as a consequence of uptake of enolase by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent B cell activation, can potentially initiate tissue injury as a result of immune complex deposition.
 ...
PMID:Disease association, origin, and clinical relevance of autoantibodies to the glycolytic enzyme enolase. 1128 54

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays have proved useful for the detection of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and rat coronavirus (RCV) in acutely infected animals and contaminated biomaterials. Fluorogenic nuclease RT-PCR assays combine RT-PCR with an internal fluorogenic hybridization probe, thereby eliminating post-PCR processing and potentially enhancing specificity. Consequently, a fluorogenic nuclease RT-PCR assay specific for rodent coronaviruses was developed. Primer and probe sequences were selected from the viral genome segment that encodes the membrane (M) protein that is highly conserved among rodent coronaviruses. Use of the fluorogenic nuclease RT-PCR detected all strains of MHV and RCV that were evaluated, but did not detect other RNA viruses that naturally infect rodents. Use of the assay detected as little as two femtograms of in vitro transcribed RNA generated from cloned amplicon, and when compared directly with mouse antibody production tests, had similar sensitivity at detecting MHV-A59 in infected cell culture lysates. Finally, use of the assay detected coronavirus RNA in tissues, cage swipes, and feces obtained from mice experimentally infected with MHV, and in tissues and cage swipes obtained from rats naturally infected with RCV. These results indicate that the fluorogenic nuclease RT-PCR assay should provide a potentially high-throughput, PCR-based method to detect rodent coronaviruses in infected rodents and contaminated biological materials.
 ...
PMID:Detection of rodent coronaviruses by use of fluorogenic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. 1202 89

This study evaluated protection against mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) afforded by static filter-top caging when automatic watering was used with conventional husbandry techniques as a labor-saving option. We fitted one side of a double-sided 72-cage rack with valves external to each cage; cages on the other side were fitted with shielded internal valves. More than 50% of the mice were breeding mice, and 30% were genetically altered. One cage of mice on each shelf on both sides of the rack was infected with MHV-A59. Each row of cages also contained one standard cage (no filter top) of uninoculated mice at various distances from the infected cage. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after infection of the mice in the test cages, uninoculated mice in 22 cages were tested by serology, and at 8 weeks the uninoculated mice in 54 cages were tested by serology and those in 24 cages were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fecal samples to assess transmission of infection. At 8 weeks post-infection, mice in one uninoculated cage (which had a filter top and an internal valve and was adjacent to a cage of inoculated mice) was seropositive. Examination of feces by PCR revealed MHV shedding in mice in nine uninoculated cages (three lacking filter tops but with internal valve cages; two with filter tops and internal valve cages and adjacent to non-filter top cages; two non-filter-top cages with external valves; and two filter-top cages with external valves, of which one was adjacent to a non-filter-top cage). Routine husbandry using either automatic water valve system prevented (with one exception) transmission among filter-top cages for at least 6 weeks. The 10 cages where transmission occurred were non-filter-top cages (n = 5) and filter-top cages adjacent to non-filter top, infected, or sentinel cages (n = 5). These results suggest that the use of filter top-caging with automatic watering may limit MHV transmission for 6 weeks, during which immunocompetent mice would be expected to clear the virus. Our findings also suggest that long-term use of automatic watering in static filter-top cages handled using conventional husbandry techniques may not prevent transmission in the vicinity of high virus concentrations or open caging.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of static isolator cages with automatic watering when used with conventional husbandry techniques as a factor in the transmission of mouse hepatitis virus. 1210 94

Several types of aggressive cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), often arise as a multifocal primary tumor. This suggests a high rate of premalignant changes in noncancerous tissue before the formation of a solitary tumor. Examination of the messenger RNA expression profiles of tissue samples derived from patients with cirrhosis of various etiologies by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray indicated that they can be grossly separated into two main groups. One group included hepatitis B and C virus infections, hemochromatosis, and Wilson's disease. The other group contained mainly alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Analysis of these two groups by the cross-validated leave-one-out machine-learning algorithms revealed a molecular signature containing 556 discriminative genes (P <.001). It is noteworthy that 273 genes in this signature (49%) were also significantly altered in HCC (P <.001). Many genes were previously known to be related to HCC. The 273-gene signature was validated as cancer-associated genes by matching this set to additional independent tumor tissue samples from 163 patients with HCC, 56 patients with lung carcinoma, and 38 patients with breast carcinoma. From this signature, 30 genes were altered most significantly in tissue samples from high-risk individuals with cirrhosis and from patients with HCC. Among them, 12 genes encoded secretory proteins found in sera. In conclusion, we identified a unique gene signature in the tissue samples of patients with cirrhosis, which may be used as candidate markers for diagnosing the early onset of HCC in high-risk populations and may guide new strategies for chemoprevention. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
 ...
PMID:Cancer-associated molecular signature in the tissue samples of patients with cirrhosis. 1476 6


1 2 3 Next >>