Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Taiwan the prevalence of anti-Delta was low among asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, patients with HCC and acute type B hepatitis, intermediate in HBsAg carriers on hemodialysis, patients with chronic type B hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, particularly HBeAg negative ones, and very high in intravenous drug abusers. It is important to prevent the spread of HDV infection in this hyperendemic area of HBV.
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PMID:Hepatitis delta virus infection in Taiwan. 362 18

The precise nature of the relationship between cirrhosis and HCC remains to be elucidated. However, it seems likely that no single explanation will cover the various forms the association takes in different parts of the world. In the high HCC incidence regions of sub- Saharan Africa and the Far East, an etiology common to the two disorders, HBV and possibly other hepatitis viruses, seems to account for the majority of cases. The role of aflatoxin in these areas is uncertain because it appears not to cause cirrhosis in man. In populations in which HCC is uncommon, alcoholic cirrhosis is the most frequent association of HCC. There is no convincing evidence to support a shared etiology in this situation because alcohol has not thus far been proved to be directly oncogenic for the liver. Possibly, cirrhosis renders the hepatocytes more susceptible to environmental carcinogenic factors. The same explanation may apply to hemochromatosis. There is at present little evidence for the postulate that HCC is an inevitable consequence of the hyperplasia of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. 608 59

The aflatoxin B1 content of liver tissue was measured in patients who died from chronic liver disease [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCG) (5), schistosomal liver fibrosis (1), chronic aggressive hepatitis (1)] and compared with fifteen controls who died of motor traffic accidents (10), drowning (1), malnutrition (1), idiopathic cardiomegaly (1) and lung infection (2). Significant levels of aflatoxin B1 were found in hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were also hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative. Histology showed HCC arising in macronodular cirrhosis.
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PMID:Aflatoxin B1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. 625 85

In a retrospective study a total of 754 sera from 397 hepatitis patients were assayed for delta antigen and antibody by radioimmunoassay. The study included patients of all age groups (3 months up to 85 years) whose first serum sample, taken from 1978 until January 1984, was positive for HBsAg. Clinically the patients could be subdivided into three major groups: 311 sera were from 181 patients with acute hepatitis, 296 from 135 CPH/CAH patients, including a few cases of liver cirrhosis and 3 cases of HCC, and 147 sera were from 81 asymptomatic carriers. Delta markers were found in 30 patients (7.6%). 20 of these were under the age of 30, and 13 presented with acute, often fulminant hepatitis or (in a minority of cases) exacerbations of preexisting HBV infection. Only two symptomless carriers had anti-delta. It seems of particular interest that all 10 cases where delta antigen could be demonstrated in the first serum sample presented with acute, often fulminant hepatic disease and 9 had anti-HBc-IgM antibodies. Where a second sample could be tested (5 cases), seroconversion to anti-delta was always demonstrated. Delta superinfection could be shown in 2 cases where anti-delta antibodies appeared more than a year after HBsAg positivity was first detected.
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PMID:[Delta hepatitis in Switzerland. Determination of delta antigens and delta antibodies in 397 HBsAg-positive patients (1978-1984)]. 647 32

The authors investigated the distribution of HCV genotypes in patients with various chronic liver diseases in Korea. Study population was 70 individuals, positive for second generation anti-HCV EIA, consisting of 37 cases with sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) chronic hepatitis (CH), 12 NANB hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 post-transfusion NANB hepatitis, 4 non-B blood donors and 1 healthy family member of a patient with sporadic CH. Molecular typing was performed by RT-nested PCR with type-specific primer sets deduced from the NS-5 region of HCV. The prevalence of type II was 75.0% and type III was 25.0% in sera. In liver tissues, type II HCV was shown in 63.0%, type III HCV in 3.7% and co-infections with type II and III HCV were observed in 18.5% of 27 samples biopsied. In the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis, typing results were relatively well correlated with those in tissues (75%), but type III could not be observed. Among 12 HCC patients, type III HCV appeared only in tissues, not in sera. These results suggest that type II HCV may be the major HCV type in Korea, and co-infections with type II and-III HCV may not be rare in chronic liver diseases with HCV.
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PMID:Molecular typing of hepatitis C virus genome from sera and liver tissues of patients with anti-HCV positive chronic liver disease. 751 42

We designed a multicenter cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of alcohol abuse, the hepatitis viruses and other pathogenic factors in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 1,829 consecutive cirrhosis patients, with or without HCC, was enrolled over 6 mo in 21 centers throughout Italy. The etiological categories and diagnostic criteria were preestablished. The median age of the patients was 59 yr (range, 13 to 85 yr); 63.6% of the patients were graded as Child class A, 23.4% as Child class B and 13% as Child class C. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 72.1% of cases (47.7% alone, 21.2% with alcohol abuse, 3.2% with hepatitis B virus); HBsAg was present in 13.8% (4.2% alone, 3.2% with hepatitis D virus, 3.2% with hepatitis C virus, 3% with alcohol abuse), alcohol abuse with no concomitant viral infection was recorded in 8.7%, primary biliary cirrhosis was found in 1.8%, other causes were found in 1.4% and cryptogenic cirrhosis was only present in 5.3%. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 11.9% of patients (217 cases). The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was more frequent in males than females (14.7% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001) and increased with worsening Child class (8.3% in Child class A, 16.9% in Child class B, 19.9% in Child class C, p < 0.001). The highest prevalences of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed in hepatitis B virus infection, with or without alcohol abuse (20% and 16%, respectively) and in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, with or without alcohol abuse (16% and 10.3%, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. 752 73

Chronic viral hepatitis is prevalent worldwide in the pediatric population and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Acquisition of disease in early childhood may predispose children to long-term complications, including cirrhosis and HCC. Efforts should be made to recognize, control, and prevent further spread of these infections, especially in areas where hepatitis is endemic. Alpha interferon therapy hastens disease remission in a proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Further studies are needed to define the role of interferon in chronic HDV and HCV infection in children.
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PMID:Management of chronic viral hepatitis in children. 763 78

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of HCV antibodies was established, using recombinant N-14 fusion protein, and compared with the results of Ortho's HCV antibody (C-100 Ab) test, in serum samples of 1848 normal blood donors and 248 patients with liver diseases. The following results were obtained. 1) N-14 antibodies and C-100 antibodies were detected in 25 (1.4%) and 17 (0.9%) out of 1848 normal blood donors, respectively. The detection rate was enhanced by 1% by using the N-14 test in addition to the C-100 kit. 2) The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in NANB liver diseases was 119 of 169 patients (70.4%) by the N-14 test and 114 of 169 patients (67.5%) by the C-100 test. 145 (85.8%) patients were positive by either one of the assays. The antibody in patients with chronic hepatitis tends to be detect in higher rate by the N-14 test than the C-100 test (p < 0.01). Reversely the latter could detect in higher rate than the former in patients with liver cirrhosis (p < 0.01). The detection rate of the antibody in patients with HCC was the same level by these two tests. By using both tests the detection rate was increased by 15-18%, up to totally 85.8% when compared with the rate obtained by testing either one of these tests. 3) Among 79 patients with liver diseases unrelated to HCV infections such as chronic hepatitis B and auto-immune hepatitis, 3 cases (3.8%) were detected by the N-14 test and 7 (8.9%) by the C-100 test, suggesting more strict specificity of the N-14 test. History of blood transfusion of the patients gave no difference in the results. In conclusion, the N-14 test for the detection of HCV infection seems to be specific and sensitive for the blood-screening, and the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection.
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PMID:[Virological studies on the usefulness of anti-HCV ELISA assay using recombinant N-14 fusion protein in various liver diseases]. 768 26

Seventy-two long-surviving liver transplant recipients were evaluated prospectively, including a baseline allograft biopsy for weaning off of immunosuppression. Thirteen were removed from candidacy because of chronic rejection (n = 4), hepatitis (n = 2), patient anxiety (n = 5), or lack of cooperation by the local physician (n = 2). The other 59, aged 12-68 years, had stepwise drug weaning with weekly or biweekly monitoring of liver function tests. Their original diagnoses were PBC (n = 9), HCC (n = 1), Wilson's disease (n = 4), hepatitides (n = 15), Laennec's cirrhosis (n = 1), biliary atresia (n = 16), cystic fibrosis (n = 1), hemochromatosis (n = 1), hepatic trauma (n = 1), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 9), and secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1). Most of the patients had complications of long-term immunosuppression, of which the most significant were renal dysfunction (n = 8), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2) or verruca vulgaris of skin (n = 9), osteoporosis and/or arthritis (n = 12), obesity (n = 3), hypertension (n = 11), and opportunistic infections (n = 2). When azathioprine was a third drug, it was stopped first. Otherwise, weaning began with prednisone, using the results of corticotropin stimulation testing as a guide. If adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed, patients reduced to < 5 mg/day prednisone were considered off of steroids. The baseline agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, or FK506) were then gradually reduced in monthly decrements. Complete weaning was accomplished in 16 patients (27.1%) with 3-19 months drug-free follow-up, is progressing in 28 (47.4%), and failed in 15 (25.4%) without graft losses or demonstrable loss of graft function from the rejections. This and our previous experience with self-weaned and other patients off of immunosuppression indicate that a significant percentage of appropriately selected long-surviving liver recipients can unknowingly achieve drug-free graft acceptance. Such attempts should not be contemplated until 5-10 years posttransplantation and then only with careful case selection, close monitoring, and prompt reinstitution of immunosuppression when necessary.
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PMID:Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver transplant recipients. 783 42

Potential risk factors for the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the prevalence and role of infection with viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C were investigated in 54 adult patients of Bangladeshi origin (45 male, age range 20-75 years), comprising 46 patients resident in Bangladesh (Group 1) and 8 patients who had emigrated to the UK 10-20 years previously (Group 2). Of the 46 patients in Group 1 (37 male), 16 had hepatocellular carcinoma, 10 had uncomplicated cirrhosis, and 20 had a clinical history of chronic viral hepatitis of more than 6 months' duration. Total hepatitis B virus marker positivity was 82.6%, significantly higher than in Group 2 patients (P < 0.001). Thirty-six per cent were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, 66% were hepatitis Be antigen positive and 45.3% were positive for hepatitis C virus antibody. Taking only the 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity was 38%, hepatitis Be antigen 66% and positivity to hepatitis C virus antibody was 56%. The 8 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Group 2 were all male and aged between 45 and 56 years. Of these, 3 (38%) cases were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody and none was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody to hepatitis C virus (3 cases tested). Presenting features of HCC in the two groups differed with a short clinical history of tender abdominal mass in Group 1 and a gradual onset of jaundice in Group 2 UK-resident Bangladeshi subjects.
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PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis B and C infection in Bangladeshi subjects. 786 82


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