Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of an investigation into the question of whether virus-induced autoreactivity might contribute to liver damage in viral hepatitis, serial studies (from onset through recovery) of circulating liver autoantibodies have been performed in patients with uncomplicated acute virus A (AVH-A), B (AVH-B) and non-A, non-B (AVH-NANB) hepatitis in whom the time of onset of symptoms could be precisely documented. One hundred and forty-four sera from 35 patients were tested by radioimmunoassay for autoantibodies against the liver-derived lipoprotein complex, LSP, and also against one of its constituents--the asialoglycoprotein receptor, known as hepatic lectin (HL). Anti-LSP antibodies were found in all 10 patients with AVH-A, in 17/18 with AVH-B and in 3/7 with AVH-NANB at titres that declined during recovery. Anti-HL antibodies were detected concurrently in 6 of the AVH-A patients and in 5 with AVH-B but on only 1 occasion in 1 patient with AVH-NANB. Transient cellular immunity to LSP, assayed by a T-lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor test, was detected in 4 of the 6 AVH-B patients tested, 2 of whom also showed concurrent reactivity to HL, but these cellular immune responses did not correlate with production of anti-LSP and/or anti-HL. The findings indicate that humoral immune responses to liver cell surface antigens are frequently triggered by hepatitis A and B viruses, possibly via induction of autoreactive, T-cell independent, liver antigen-specific B lymphocytes. These liver-specific autoreactions have the potential to contribute to hepatocellular damage in virus A and B hepatitis but it seems unlikely that autoimmunity plays a significant pathogenetic role in NANB viral infections.
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PMID:Liver autoreactivity in acute virus A, B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. 313 82

We report an easy, rapid method for quantifying bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1., ALP) in serum. The original method described by Rosalki and Ying Foo (Clin Chem 1984;30:1182-6) was somewhat simplified. In contrast to their results, we found that bone ALP is precipitated quantitatively by wheat-germ lectin. To check the clinical plausibility of the method, we used samples from several comparison groups (blood donors, children, pregnant women, patients with neoplasms but without skeletal involvement) and a large number of patients suffering from bone diseases and diseases of the liver and biliary tree. Measured activities of bone ALP nearly always correlated with the clinical diagnosis. Only patients with hepatitis often had pathological bone activities not in accord with the other findings. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed.
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PMID:Quantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in serum by precipitation with wheat-germ lectin: a simplified method and its clinical plausibility. 375 20

Circulating autoantibodies reacting with affinity-purified, hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor protein, hepatic lectin (HL), were detected by radioimmunoassay in 15 (83%) of 18 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) who had active disease, at titres that showed a positive correlation (P less than 0.05) with severity of periportal inflammation assessed histologically. In contrast, 10 AI-CAH patients whose disease was in remission were all anti-HL seronegative. Anti-HL was also detected in 16 (73%) of 22 patients with hepatitis B virus-related CAH-a similar frequency to that in active AI-CAH but at significantly lower (P less than 0.005) titres. Only 1 of 8 patients with chronic active liver disease due to presumed non-A, non-B (NANB) viral infection and 5 (22%) of 23 with primary biliary cirrhosis were anti-HL seropositive (P less than 0.001 vs active AI-CAH and HBV-CAH) and there was no correlation with severity of periportal inflammation. Anti-HL antibodies were also found in sera from 7 (35%) of 20 patients with acute virus B hepatitis (AVH-B) but were not detected in 10 patients with AVH-A nor in 12 with AVH due to presumed NANB infection. Anti-HL was not found in sera of 12 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Hepatic lectin, a highly purifiable, liver-specific cell surface component, by analogy with the acetylcholine and thyrotropin receptors which are, respectively, targets of the pathogenetically-related autoimmune reactions in myasthenia gravis and autoimmune thyroid disease, may be an important target of autoreactions in liver disease.
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PMID:Serum autoantibodies reacting with the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor protein (hepatic lectin) in acute and chronic liver disorders. 379 1

Lectin affinities of AFP were analyzed using Con A sepharose chromatography and crossed immuno-affino-electrophoresis. With Con A, AFP was divided into three subfractions, nonbound, loosely-bound and tightly-bound by chromatography, or two subfractions, nonbound and bound by electrophoresis. Con A nonbound subfraction was small in percentage in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), neonatal hepatitis, congenital biliary atresia (CBA), liver cirrhosis (LC) and cord sera. In contrast with these, the increase of Con A non-bound AFP was observed in yolk sac tumor (YST) and metastatic liver cancer (Meta). With LCA, AFP was divided into three subfractions: nonbound, loosely bound and tightly bound. Loosely bound fraction was very small in every specimen. AFPs from cord sera and LC showed uniform LCA affinity pattern, but AFPs from HCC were not uniform. Our data suggest that the analyses of lectin affinity of AFP serve as a diagnostic tool in differentiating (1) HCC from YST, (2) HCC from Meta, (3) CBA or neonatal hepatitis from YST and (4) LC from some cases of HCC.
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PMID:[Analysis of lectin-affinity of alpha fetoprotein-diagnostic approach]. 619 65

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfraction profile is a predictive indicator for the discrimination of hepatic malignancies, benign liver diseases and yolk sac tumor in adults. In the present study, AFP subfractions were examined in AFP-positive sera from 59 patients of less than 15 years of age. Fractionation of AFP was carried out by lectin affinity crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin and phytohemagglutinin E were used as lectins. Fifty-four of 59 (91.5%) AFP subfraction profiles in patients with pediatric diseases were classified into three common types: (1) benign liver disorder, (2) hepatic malignancy and (3) yolk sac tumor. An atypical AFP subfraction profile resembling hepatic malignancy type was found in 5 of 59 (8.5%) infants. It was concluded that estimation of serum AFP subfraction profiles facilitates differential diagnosis of various AFP-positive pediatric diseases, such as hepatoblastoma, hepatoma, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatitis or germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein subfractionation in pediatric diseases. 752 30

Advance of current methods for management of liver diseases was discussed by eight discussers in this symposium. About three theme such as; 1. what laboratory parameters were helpful for prediction of effect of interferon (IFN) for HCV positive chronic hepatitis, 2. what tests were available for early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis in fulminant hepatitis, and 3. what laboratory parameters were useful for early diagnosis and prediction of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hot discussion was performed. It was presented that time course of titration of HCV core antibody was available for prediction of effect of interferon in some cases. In patients with low concentration of HCV-RNA and genotype III, good effect of IFN was obtained. The possibility that the measurement of HCV serotype would become more common instead of that of HCV genotype because of its simplicity in methodology was presented. The measurements of plasma amino acids and human hepatocyte growth factor (h-HGF) were useful in early diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis. As current topics in management of HCC, the utility of determination of lectin affinity alpha-fetoprotein in early diagnosis of HCC, the importance of making definite diagnosis by target biopsy of HCC in early phase and prediction of development of HCC by abdominal sonogram were reported.
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PMID:[Development of diagnostic method for liver disease]. 799 9

Acute (hepatitis) and chronic (cirrhosis) liver injuries were experimentally induced in BALB/c-mice by administration of D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. In both experimental liver diseases the incidence of hepatic tumor colonization of sarcoma L-1 was significantly reduced as compared to non-treated control animals. Thus, it seems that either dysfunction or loss of organ-characteristic lectins (galactosyl-specific hepatic lectins) prevented liver colonization. Histochemical staining of liver sections from D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride-treated mice with appropriate galactose-containing (neo)glycoproteins supported this hypothesis, since the lectin-dependent binding was greatly reduced as compared to sections from non-treated animals.
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PMID:Hepatocellular injury inhibits lectin-mediated tumor colonization into BALB/c-mice livers. 833 80

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are still unclear. Since AIH is associated with the presence of various autoantibodies and certain HLA subtypes, it is likely that T and B cells play a major role in this disease. In this study we have determined the functional capacities of in vivo preactivated liver-infiltrating T cells (LTC) from patients with AIH. As controls we used LTC from patients with non-autoimmune hepatitis (non-AIH). Our results show that preactivated LTC from patients with AIH predominantly (190/255 clones) reside in the CD4+ population, whereas LTC in non-AIH are dominated by the CD8+ phenotype (148/254 clones). In view of this finding we have investigated the cytokine secretion patterns of 102 randomly chosen CD4+ T cell clones from six patients with AIH. As controls we have used 58 CD4+ LTC from 11 patients with non-AIH. All clones were stimulated by lectin and irradiated accessory cells and subsequent cytokine production was evaluated. LTC from patients with AIH have a lower interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 ratio compared with LTC from non-AIH. Although clones from some patients with AIH produced very high amounts of IL-4 in vitro, this was not a constant finding. These results show that in vivo preactivated LTC from patients with AIH are mostly CD4+ T cells that produce more IL-4 than IFN-gamma. In contrast, LTC from patients with non-AIH are dominated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that produce significantly less IL-4 than IFN-gamma. Thus, liver-infiltrating T cells from patients with AIH and non-AIH belong to different functional T cell subsets. This may have implications for the regulation of humoral and cellular immune responses in inflammatory liver disease.
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PMID:Analysis of the in vitro cytokine production by liver-infiltrating T cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. 840 1

With advances in lectin affinity electrophoresis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the detection of significant changes in serum AFP at low levels in cirrhotics has become important for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum AFP levels of 616 healthy individuals without abnormal liver function tests or virus markers of hepatitis B and C were determined by enzyme immunoassay with IMx-AFP Dainapack using automated IMx apparatus set at twice the ordinary sensitivity and compared with those of 241 individuals with abnormal liver function tests and/or positive hepatitis virus markers. The coefficient of variation in this assay was less than 10% at AFP levels as low as 0.2 ng/ml with a lower detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml. The AFP level of healthy population showed a Gaussian distribution curve after logarithmic transformation with a median and 2.5-97.5 percentile reference range of 2.2 (0.6-5.6) ng/ml. There was no significant difference in the AFP level between males and females. Individuals with abnormal liver function tests alone showed no significant increase in serum AFP unless they were associated with positive hepatitis virus markers.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in healthy Japanese adults. 966 42

Haptoglobin phenotypes have been shown in human medicine to be related to the prevalence of various diseases. Furthermore, abnormal glycosylation of haptoglobin has been reported as a consequence of liver disease, cancer and immunological disorders in man. To our knowledge, similar findings have not, so far, been reported in canine disease. The present paper describes a method for investigation of canine haptoglobin phenotypes and of microheterogeneity caused by altered glycosylation. The method consisted of isoelectric focusing (IEF) of dog serum, followed by immunoblotting. The results indicated the existence of only one canine haptoglobin phenotype with a characteristic microheterogeneity pattern in healthy dogs. Changes in this pattern were found in serum from dogs with liver disease, predominantly chronic progressive hepatitis, and with different kinds of anaemia. Pretreatment of serum with neuraminidase or glycopeptidase F (PNGase F) resulted in identical IEF patterns of haptoglobin from healthy and diseased dogs. Moreover, a fucose-specific lectin was capable of binding to some of the abnormal haptoglobin fractions, mainly those found in association with anaemia. The changes described were interpreted as alterations of the carbohydrate content, with or without fucosylation, of some haptoglobin fractions.
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PMID:Disease-related variations of the glycosylation of haptoglobin in the dog. 980 25


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