Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from 521 residents of an institution for the mentally retarded near Helsinki, Finland were examined by a hemagglutination assay to determine the distribution and titers of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). 36.1% were found to contain anti-HBs. Factors were identified which are related to the presence or absence of anti-HBs in this population. A documented past history of hepatitis, living in "asocial" wards in which at least one HBsAg carrier was present, long institutionalization (is greater than 10 yrs.), admission to the institution between ages 5 and 19, a present age between 20 and 39, and being male were associated with the presence of anti-HBs. 43.5% of the males but only 22.2% of the females had antibody. Down's syndrome patients had lower titers but not lower frequencies of anti-HBs than the non Down's patients.
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PMID:Antibody to hepatitis B antigen (Australia antigen) among residents of a Finnish institution for the mentally retarded. 12 6

Hepatitis B (HbsAg) surface antigen has been detected in the serum of patients with a variety of diseases and immune complexes of this antigen and antibody have been implicated in tissue damage to various organs. Previously we have demonstrated that serum cryoproteins occur in a variety of immune complex disorders and represent pathogenic complexes of antigen and specific antibody. Sera from patients with acute HbsAg positive hepatitis, chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, acute and chronic HbsAg negative hepatitis, as well as a variety HbsAg negative miscellaneous liver diseases and normals were studied for the presence and nature of cryoproteins. Cryoproteins were detected in a large number of patients with acute and chronic HbsAg positive hepatitis and chronic HbsAg carriers. The quantity of these cold insoluble precipitates was highest in acute hepatitis. Cryoproteins were detected with much less frequency in HbsAg negative patients and were not found in normals. The precipitates in HbsAg patients contained either HbsAg, anti-HBsAg or both, along with immunoglobulins and occasionally complement and rheumatoid factor. The cryoproteins in these patients had biological properties attributable to immune complexes and several of the patients had clinical manifestations of acute or chronic serum sickness. Cryoproteins from HbsAg negative patients did not contain HbsAg or antibody to HbsAg and did not have biologic properties of immune complexes. In HbsAg positive patients HbsAg and antibody to HbsAg were concentrated in the cryoprecipitate. The preliminary studies suggest that investigation on cryoproteins in hepatitis may be of clinical and immunopathogenic value.
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PMID:The nature and incidence of cryoproteins in hepatitis B antigen (HbsAg) positive patients. 13 Jun 50

Hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) were detected in the liver tissue of a patient with chronic aggressive hepatitis by the immunofluorescent complement technique. The presence of anti-HBc was examined by the same method in 67 human sera previously tested for HBs Ag, anti-HBs and s-GPT levels. HBc Ag was localized mainly in the nucleus and sometimes in the cytoplasm of the hepatic cells. HBs Ag was found only in the cytoplasm. The focal area of HBc Ag positive hepatic cells seemed to correspond to the HBs Ag positive cells. Double staining demonstrated the simultaneous presence of HBs Ag and HBc Ag in individual cells. Anti-HBc positive serum was found in 46 (68.7%) cases. Forty-eight (71.6%) indicated a combination of HBs Ag and anti-HBc.
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PMID:Detection of liver HBc antigen and its antibody in sera from viral hepatitis by the immunofluorescent complement technique. 13 80

Institutionalized patients with Down syndrome and matched controls with other causes of mental retardation were tested by immune adherence hemagglutination for the presence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). Altogether 75.1% (175 of 233) exhibited presence of anti-HA, with no differences by sex or age. Patients reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (anti-HBs) were reactive for anti-HA significantly more frequently than those with a negative reaction for these markers. In contrast to serologic markers of hepatitis type B, prevalence of anti-HA does not depend on the cause of mental retardation or on the age at primary infection. The rate of anti-HA positivity was found to be closely correlated with duration of institutionalization. The study confirmed that many closed institutions for the mentally retarded are hyperendemic for hepatitis type A and that formation of anti-HA is not greatly affected by either immune deficiency or immune immaturity.
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PMID:Antibody to hepatitis A antigen in institutionalized mentally retarded patients. 13 79

A series of 180, Bouin-fixed and paraffin embedded liver biopsies obtained from 147 patients was investigated for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) by histochemical and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. A comparison between orcein staining and Masson's trichrome preparations for ground glass hepatocytes, showed that immunofluorescence was both the more reliable and the more specific method for detection of HBsAg in liver tissue. The ability to perform this technique on paraffin sections facilitates systematic studies and allows retrospective work-up. IF-HBs positive hepatocytes were found in approximately two thirds of all HBs-positive patients in their serum, but never seen in HBs-negative patients. HBs-positive cells were observed in healthy chronic carriers and in all forms of chronic hepatitis, but never in acute HBs-positive hepatitis. In patients treated with chronic hemodialysis and in renal homograft recipients, the incidence of positive cells was higher than in the chronic hepatitis groups; this could be correlated with the duration of antigenemia at the time of biopsy.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with hepatitis, renal homografts recipients and normal carriers. 14 24

Patients infected with hepatitis B have demonstrated a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations other than hepatitis. Immune complex formation has been proposed as a possible mechanism for such varied disease presentations. The present report describes a case in which acute pericarditis is associated with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive disease. Speculations are made relating the pericardial changes to the formation of immune complexes following hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Acute pericarditis associated with hepatitis B infection. 14 91

A total of 426 persons were studied in an attempt to more clearly define the high prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) seen among institutionalized persons. HBsAg was found in 63.4 percent of the children and young adults with Down's syndrome (DS) at the Central Wisconsin Center (CWC) and in 45.5 percent of those at the Northern Wisconsin Center (NWC). Significantly more subjects with DS had hepatitis-B antigenemia than age- and sex-matched non-DS institutionalized subjects. Antibody (anti-HBs) to HBsAg was found in 19.5 percent of the DS subjects at CWC and in 38.6 percent of those at NWC. The prevalence of anti-HBs was similar among DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. None of the noninstitutionalized subjects had HBsAg in their serums and their anti-HBs prevalence was low (2.1 percent). HBsAg was found to persist for at least 10 years in both DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. However, persistence occurred more frequently among DS subjects. Anti-HBs persisted at least 10 years among non-DS subjects, but DS subjects tended to lose antibody sooner. The study findings indicated that the high prevalence of HBsAg seen in institutionalized DS subjects at CWC and NWC were not related to the age of the subject at admission nor to the duration of institutionalization.
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PMID:Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody: prevalence and persistence in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized persons. 15 81

A study of 52 liver biopsies (47 hepatitis type B and 5 asymptomatic carriers) was performed to clarify the roles of HBe antigen (HBeAg), HB surface antigen (HBsAg) and HB core antigen (HBcAg). In this study, the Gudat classification was modified so as to classify the patterns of HB antigens into six reaction types including: type O (negative for both liver HBsAg and liver HBcAg), type III-A (characterized by a spotty HBsAg pattern) and type III-B (characterized from a sub-lobular to lobular HBsAg localization pattern). This classification enabled accurate prediction of the prognosis of hepatitis. Patients with positive serum HBeAg had either minimal hepatitis with mild clinical features or chronic aggressive hepatitis with severe clinical features. Ten patients negative for both HBeAg and HBeAb were all positive for liver HBcAg. In all 3 patients on corticosteroid administrations liver tissue was markedly positive for HBcAg and serum was usually positive for HBeAb.
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PMID:Existence of serum HBe antigen and expression of liver HB surface and core antigens in hepatitis type B patients. 15 70

The hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is etiologically related to hepatoma has been investigated by studying the interrelationships between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, Australia antigen) and the fast-moving 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase Band V isoenzyme (5'-NPDase-V). Sera from 58 patients with viral hepatitis were tested for 5'-NPDase-V and HBsAg. The isoenzyme was found in 34 of 37 patients who were also positive for HBsAg but in only 4 of 21 hepatitis patients who were HBsAg negative. Five patients convalescing from hepatitis were negative for both HBsAg and the isoenzyme. Preparative gel electrophoresis showed that these 2 markers were different proteins. Of 34 hepatoma patients, 29 were positive for 5'-NPDase-V. Only 1 isoenzyme-positive patient was positive for HBsAg by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. However, of 16 isoenzyme-positive hepatoma patients available for radioimmunoassay, 8 were NBsAg positive (50%). None of 21 hepatoma samples tested for antibody to NBsAg was positive. Of 21 "normal" carriers of HBsAg and 10 carriers with Down's syndrome, 4 persons were detected with the isoenzyme. The results suggest that HBsAg and 5'-NPDase-V in the presence of liver damage are associated and thus provide a new marker enzyme between hepatitis B infection and hepatoma.
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PMID:5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme in patients with hepatitis B infection. 16 56

Two episodes of acute viral hepatitis occurred in each of 34 patients. One episode in each patient was serologically diagnosable as type B hepatitis on the basis of tests for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody. The other episode was classified as "non-B" on the basis of seronegativity, reinforced by seropositivity in an alternate bout. An epidemiologic background appropriate to "serum" hepatitis, either transfusion (one bout) or illicit self-injection (46 bouts), was associated just as frequently with serologically non-B episodes as with identified type B disease. The diagnosis of type B hepatitis, therefore, should be made only on the basis of serologic tests specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Other cases of sporadic diseases in adults must be labeled "viral hepatitis, type unspecifiable."
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PMID:Hepatitis types B and non-B. Epidemiologic background. 16 17


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