Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An association between viral hepatitis and two rheumatic disease syndromes has been observed. Twenty-nine patients manifested a transient polyarthritis, sometimes associated with a rash (Group I). Ten patients were seen with a multisystem disease (Group II). Histologic evidence of arteritis or glomerulonephritis was present in seven of ten patients with multisystem disease. Liver tissue from 18 patients showed morphologic evidence of hepatitis with viral features in 9 of 10 patients in Group I and in 6 of 8 patients in Group II. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or antibody to HBsAg were detected in sera of all 39 patients. Abnormal liver functions were present in 36. Twelve Group I patients and 2 Group II patients became jaundiced. Rheumatoid factor was present in sera of seven patients in each group. The third component of complement (C3) was depressed in 13 patients in Group I and 7 patients in Group II. The fourth component of complement (C4) was decreased in 8 of 21 Group I and 3 of 7 Group II patients. Synovial fluid C3 was decreased in 2 of 11 Group I and 1 of 4 Group II patient's fluids. Articular inflammation in patients with transient polyarthritis responded in three to seven days to aspirin, acetominophen and/or bedrest alone and rashes disappeared spontaneously. Patients with multisystem disease generally had a prolonged illness and responded somewhat unpredictably to prednisone or a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Polyarthritis, polyarteritis and hepatitis B. 0 29

Culex tarsalis and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on chimpanzees carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) of known infectivity and pools were tested by radioimmunoassay daily for the presence of HBS Ag. HBS Ag continued to be detected at low levels in mosquito tissue after digestion of the blood meal. Inoculation of susceptible chimpanzees with macerated pools of A. aegypti mosquitoes at two intervals after digestion of the blood meal did not produce hepatitis or serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Mechanical transmission studies by interrupting feeding of A aegypti from HBS Ag-carrier chimpanzees and transferring them to susceptible chimpanzees did not produce hepatitis. These findings do not support the hypothesis that mosquitoes are involved in either biological or mechanical transmission of hepatitis B.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the transmission of hepatitis B by mosquitoes. 0

Tissue samples from 180 unselected necropsy cases of various forms of hepatitis were examined by histopathology and immunofluorescence. The hepatitis forms studied included acute fulminant hepatitis (28 patients), subacute hepatitis (48 patients), acute fatal hepatitis (24 patients), chronic aggressive hepatitis (26 patients), liver cirrhosis (49 patients), and "minimal" hepatitis (5 patients). Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen were detected in 101 patients (56.1 per cent). In these, lesion-bound immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen were found in the liver and extrahepatic locations in 77 patients (76.2 per cent). The latter included activated germinal centers of lymph nodes and spleen, focal hyaline lesions of splenic and renal arterioles, necrotic and/or proliferative lesions of small and medium-sized arteries, and kidney glomeruli with mild proliferative and degenerative lesions. There was an inverse relation of the approximate amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen in the liver and the liver damage, the latter being directly proportional to the amount of HBS Ag immune complexes in the liver and indirectly proportional to their amount in extrahepatic locations and to the severity of lesions at these sites.
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PMID:Immunopathological aspects of hepatitis type B. 1 54

In 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis B virus (HBV). In all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. In all the cases, deposits of HBsAg, immunoglobulins, beta1C-globulin and C1q were detected in vascular lesions. That these deposits could represent HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complexes was supported by demonstrating their strong binding of guinea pig complement and by the successful elution of all HBsAg and part of the immunoglobulin from these deposits by treatment with buffers known to dissociate antigen-antibody bonds but not with phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.6 (PBS). Glomerulonephritis associated with these immune complexes was found in 6 cases. The presence of larger masses of HBsAg immune complexes, chiefly in recent insudative and fibrinoid vascular lesions, their lesser amounts in lesions undergoing involution, and their absence from healed lesions strongly suggest that these complexes play a primary role in the pathogenesis of acute vascular damage in periarteritis nodosa.
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PMID:Immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. A study of seven necropsy cases. 2 42

A new antigen-antibody system was recently described in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAG(-positive sera. Despite indications of heterogeneity in specificity, the designations "e antigen" and "e antibodies" are used for the system as such in this articly. E'IGHT OF 17 long-term carriers of HBSAg with a histological picture of chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis carried the e antigen, while none had demonstrable e antibodies in serum. Ten of 12 healthy carriers with e antibodies were blood donors who had donated 95 units of blood; none of these carriers was associeated with a reported case of posttransfusion hepatitis. In five individuals in the incubation stage of hepatitis B, e antigen appeared simultaneously with HBSAg but before the rise in transaminase levels. This finding further links e antigen to hepatitis B.
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PMID:A new antigen-antibody system. Clinical significance in long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. 4 64

Fourteen infants aged from 2 to 5 months were admitted to hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Their clinical presentation ranged from severe disease to fulminant hepatitis. In all patients the prothrombin-time was 10% or less of normal and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and bilirubin were increased. In eight cases liver-biopsy specimens were obtained during liver failure and showed a widespread necrosis without inflammatory cells. Hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (HBSAb) were sought by several techniques, including passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. Hepatitis was associated with hepatitis-B virus in eleven out of fourteen patients as judged by the detection of HBSAg and/or a secondary rise in HBSAb. In eight cases, the infants had received blood-derivatives in the neonatal period. The mothers of five of the remaining cases were found to be chronic carriers of HBSAg. Despite intensive supportive therapy, including repeated exchange transfusions and administration of anti-HBS gamma-globulins (six cases), eight patients died. These cases demonstrate that severe or fulminant type-B hepatitis can develop in infants, who are capable of completely eliminating the hepatitis-B virus. They also suggest that severe hepatitis can result from maternal contamination.
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PMID:Severe viral hepatitis type B in infancy;. 4 20

The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) subtypes in Thais, Cambodians, and Vietnamese were compared with the prevalences in Americans residing in Southeast Asia. HBs Ag was found with approximately equal frequency in Thai (43 percent) and American (39 percent) patients with hepatitis. However, higher prevalences of HBs Ag were found in asympotomatic Thais (9.5 percent), Cambodians (11.9 percent), and Vietnamese (14.3 percent) than in asymptomatic Americans (0.7 percent). Among asymptomatic Thais, the ratio of HBs Ag/adr to HBs Ag/adw was approximately 10:1, with one exception: adw was not detected in a rural population of northern Thailand. The y determinant was not found in Thais. In contrast, both d and y determinants were found in Americans. These observations conform to a geographic pattern, with ad as the predominant combination in the Far East. In Southeast Asia determinants w and r are more useful epidemiologic markers than y and d.
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PMID:Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in Southeast Asia. 4 31

Hepatitis tb surface antigen (HBsAg) was isolated from human serum by two steps of affinity chromatography on antibody-coated gels. HBsAg-positive serum was passed through a column packed with guinea pig anti-HBsAg antibodies covalently bound to CNBr-activated beaded agarose gel. The majority of non-specifically bound proteins was removed by washing the gel with increased concentrations (0.5 M) of NaCl in Tris buffer. Elution of the specifically bound HBsAg was carried out with 3 M NaSCN. Residual normal human serum proteins present in the eluate were removed by passing the partially purified HBsAg through an immunoadsorbent coated with rabbit antibodies directed against human serum proteins. After this treatment normal human serum proteins could no longer be demonstrated by passive hemagglutination in the isolated HBsAg. Cross-reactions between HBsAg and normal human serum proteins could not be demonstrated. Both antibody-coated immunoadsorbents could be used over ten times without significant loss of their binding capacity.
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PMID:Isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by affinity chromatography on antibody-coated immunoadsorbents. 5 Mar 79

24% of a healthy control population had antibody to hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAb) detectable by passive haemagglutination. The frequency was higher in other population groups in proportion to the intensity of contract with individuals or material positive for HBsAg. Data obtained during an outbreak of type-B hepatitis indicate that immunity to the disease is directly dependent on the titre of circulating HBsAb. A close relationship was found between the presence of HBsAb and liver dysfunction in carriers of HBsAg. This supports the hypothesis that immune response to the antigen may be necessary for the development of liver damage in type-B hepatitis. Nevertheless, since a good antibody response to HBsAg was found in uraemic patients, in whom hepatitis had a clinical course quite different from the population at large, it is thought that immune mechanisms other than the humoral response may account for the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Role of HBs Ab in development of hepatitis. 5 May 11

One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia. 5 Jul 35


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