Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1-glycoprotein which can be found in high concentration during fetal development in many mammals, birds, sharks and, also, man. The alpha-fetoproteins of various species have similar physico-chemical properties and often common antigenic determinants. Differences of microheterogeneity depend on a different content of sialin-acid. During human fetal development the serum AFP concentration falls with increasing gestational age. 4-5 weeks after birth AFP can be detected usually in low serum concentrations. Using more sensitive immunulogic techniques e.g. radioimmunoassay there was shown that AFP is present in sera of normal adults in concentrations of 10-20 ng/ml. AFP serum concentrations rise physiologically during pregnancy up to 500-550 ng/ml. During fetal development liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract are the major sites of synthesis. In primary liver cell carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and in teratoblastoma containing yolk sac tissue AFP synthesis rises in tumor cells; the AFP serum concentration increases above 2 microgram/ml. In patients with benign liver diseases e.g. virus hepatitis, a transient rise of AFP serum concentrations was seen. Moreover, increased levels of AFP were found in hereditary diseases e.g. congenital tyrosinemia, ataxia-telangiectasia and in the amniotic fluid in congenital nephrosis of Finnish type. AFP assay in serum is clinically important for the control of course and treatment of primary liver cell carcinoma and teratoblastoma. AFP assay in amniotic fluid is a method for the prenatal detection of neural tube defects and the fetal distress syndrome, especially.
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PMID:[Alpha1-fetoprotein: physiology, pathology and diagnosis especially in childhood (author's transl)]. 7 May 46

Existing descriptions of liver abnormalities in ataxia-telangiectasia have been associated with co-existent hepatitis virus infection. Here we report veno-occlusive disease of the liver in 2 patients with ataxia telangiectasia that is not attributable to bone marrow transplantation or coincidental hepatitis infection.
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PMID:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in ataxia-telangiectasia. 1035 54

Clinical manifestations and viral sequences of core promoter and precore/core region were compared among various genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 25 patients with acute hepatitis. The genotype in patients with acute hepatitis was distributed differently from that among chronic hepatitis patients in Japan, which are predominantly genotypes B and C. Of 25 patients with acute hepatitis, 14 had genotype A, five genotype B and six genotype C. Serum total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in patients with genotype A than in those with genotype C. Prothrombin time was shorter in patients with genotype B than those with genotype A or C. Total bilirubin was lower in patients with short duration of acute hepatitis. The serum ALT value remained above 1000 IU/l for over 10 days in 79% of patients with genotype A. This prolonged duration of hepatitis in patients with genotype A may contribute to hyperbilirubinemia. Sequence analysis revealed no difference in the number of mutations in precore/core regions among the three genotypes. Although the double mutation, A-T and G-A at 1762 and 1764, respectively, was found in two patients each with genotype A and C, these mutations were not related to the hepatitis B e antibody (HbeAg)/hepatitis B e antibody (HbeAb) phenotype. Two of seven patients with thymidine at 1858 also had a G to A mutation at 1896. Thus, the difference in the genotype little influenced the HBeAg/HBeAb phenotype in acute hepatitis patients. Understanding the viral genotypes in acute HBV infection may be valuable in predicting the clinical course of acute hepatitis B (AHB).
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PMID:Clinical features and viral sequences of various genotypes of hepatitis B virus compared among patients with acute hepatitis B. 1207 12

Replication fork stability during DNA replication is vital for maintenance of genomic stability and suppression of cancer development in mammals. ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated [ATM] and RAD3-related) is a master regulatory kinase that activates the replication stress response to overcome replication barriers. Although many downstream effectors of ATR have been established, the upstream regulators of ATR and the effect of such regulation on liver cancer remain unclear. The ubiquitin conjugase BRUCE (BIR Repeat containing Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme) is a guardian of chromosome integrity and activator of ATM signaling, which promotes DNA double-strand break repair through homologous recombination. Here we demonstrate the functions for BRUCE in ATR activation in vitro and liver tumor suppression in vivo. BRUCE is recruited to induced DNA damage sites. Depletion of BRUCE inhibited multiple ATR-dependent signaling events during replication stress, including activation of ATR itself, phosphorylation of its downstream targets CHK1 and RPA, and the mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2. Consequently, BRUCE deficiency resulted in stalled DNA replication forks and increased firing of new replication origins. The in vivo impact of BRUCE loss on liver tumorigenesis was determined using the hepatocellular carcinoma model induced by genotoxin diethylnitrosamine. Liver-specific knockout of murine Bruce impaired ATR activation and exacerbated inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which exhibited a trabecular architecture, closely resembling human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In humans, the clinical relevance of BRUCE down-regulation in liver disease was found in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC specimens, and deleterious somatic mutations of the Bruce gene was found in human hepatocellular carcinoma in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Conclusion: These findings establish a BRUCE-ATR signaling axis in accurate DNA replication and suppression of liver cancer in mice and humans and provides a clinically relevant HCC mouse model.
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PMID:The BRUCE-ATR Signaling Axis Is Required for Accurate DNA Replication and Suppression of Liver Cancer Development. 3069 43