Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood serum levels of extraerythrocytic hemoglobin (EEHb) were measured by the hemoglobin cyanide method in 71 patients with acute viral hepatitis B over the course of the disease. The mean values of this parameter in 30 normal subjects were found to be 0.67 +/- 0.03 g/l. In the patients in the acute period of hepatitis (weeks 1-2 of jaundice) EEHb levels were drastically elevated, particularly so in grave cases (2.36 +/- 0.22 g/l), though even in benign cases this value surpassed the norm twofold. As the jaundice regressed, EEHb levels somewhat lowered, though persisted rather high. EEHb content normalized by discharge from hospital only in the patients with the mild form of acute viral hepatitis B. The studies have revealed the prognostic value of this parameter that reflects the level of intravascular hemolysis. The authors suggest the major role of elevated red cell hemolysis in the pathogenesis of the increase of free bilirubin level in the blood in acute viral hepatitis B.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of free hemoglobin in blood serum in viral hepatitis]. 896 31

Ten muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) each were infected with 17,000 eggs (long-term study) and eight muskrats each were infected with 8,000 eggs (short-term study) of Capillaria hepatica (Nematoda). Food intake, body weight, and selected clinicopathological parameters were measured every 2 days for 28 days in the short-term study and every 14 days for 184 days in the long-term study. Muskrats in the short-term study had moderate to severe necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis associated with mild anorexia and weight loss, varying degrees of leukocytosis with eosinophilia and elevation of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. No significant changes in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total plasma protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase or alkaline phosphatase were found among animals from the short-term study. Muskrats in the long-term study had severe necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis associated with marked anorexia, weight loss and 60% mortality over 39 days post-inoculation (PI); animals that survived for 184 days did not return to pre-inoculation body weights despite returning to normal food intake. Hepatic lesions at 184 days PI consisted of minimal to severe liver replacement by C. hepatica eggs. No statistically significant differences in values of clinical parameters between inoculated animals and a non-inoculated control group from the long term study were found.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features and histopathology of experimental hepatic capillariasis in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). 902 99

Signalment, clinical signs, and physical examination and clinicopathologic findings in dogs diagnosed with Hepatozoon canis parasitemia (n = 100) were compared with those in Hepatozoon-negative dogs (n = 180). A subset (n = 15) of Hepatozoon-positive dogs with unusually high (> 800 H canis gametocytes/microL of whole blood) parasitemia was compared with dogs that had low parasitemia (n = 85) and with Hepatozoon-negative dogs (n = 180). Hepatozoon-positive dogs significantly differed from Hepatozoon-negative dogs in body temperature, total red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet count. Dogs with high H canis parasitemia significantly differed from those with low parasitemia in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and total neutrophil count. Clinical findings from dogs with high H canis parasitemia included emaciation, lethargy, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities. Findings at necropsy included hepatitis, pneumonia, and glomerulonephritis associated with H canis schizonts and extensive parasitism of bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Low hemoglobin concentration, low platelet count, and concurrent parvovirus infection together represented the best predictor variables for Hepatozoon positivity in dogs presenting to the hospital.
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PMID:Retrospective case-control study of hepatozoonosis in dogs in Israel. 947 Jan 63

A total of 92 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) who took part in the elimination of aftereffects of Chernobyl accident in 1986 were examined. Of these, 46 patients (group I) developed DU against the background of persisting hepatitis. The above patients demonstrated significant increase in the peripheral blood levels of hemoglobin and red cell count as well as immunoglobulins of all classes and circulating immune complexes in blood serum. By far the commonest among group I patients (compared to group II) were such events as allergization of the organism and duodenogastric reflux. Based on the studies made a conclusion is drawn to the effect that it is necessary that specific agents capable of improving hemodynamics, endowed with immunocorrective and antiallergic activity should be included into a complex of therapeutic measures designed to treat those patients with hepatitis having been exposed to ionizing radiation, together with those means capable of normalizing the pyloroduodenal portion motor-and-evacuatory function to prevent the DU development.
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PMID:[The mechanisms of ulcerogenesis in liver pathology in persons exposed to the action of ionizing radiation]. 947 70

The COBAS Amplicor system is an automated diagnostic PCR system which contains a PCR internal control (P. I. C.) template to monitor the amplification. The applicability of COBAS Amplicor HCV was examined using sera of patients with hepatitis. Furthermore, the effects of possible interfering substance (total protein, triglyceride, hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, heparin, lysis reagent including guanidium) on HCV-RNA detection were investigated. The sensitivity of COBAS Amplicor HCV was equivalent to the manual method of Amplicor HCV, moreover all of the results in 54 clinical samples analyzed on both COBAS Amplicor HCV and Amplicor HCV were in agreement. Detection sensitivity of HCV-RNA decreased in the presence of total bilirubin and heparin. Ten and 25mg/dl of total bilirubin affected HCV-RNA detection but did not affect P. I. C. This result suggested that total bilirubin interfered with the protein denature caused by the lysis reagent. Fifteen U/ml of heparin in the sample completely inhibited amplification both of the HCV-RNA and P. I. C. One U/ml of heparin did not affect amplification, but heparinized blood samples should not be used for the detection of HCV-RNA. To examine the effect of possible carry over contamination on the lysis reagent which contains guanidium, various concentrations of lysis reagent in P. I. C. were tested. RT-PCR was inhibited by 1/500 volume contamination of lysis reagent in specimen diluent. Other substances did not affect the sensitivity. Our results indicate that the carryover contamination of lysis reagent cause more "false negative" results than interfering substances in sera. In conclusion, HCV-RNA detection system containing P. I. C., such as COBAS Amplicor HCV, will become a very useful to differentiate "false negative" and "true negative" result.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of RT-PCR method for detection of HCV-RNA: second report availability of RT-PCR system using PCR internal control for detection of HCV-RNA and the influence of interfering substances on the detection]. 952 39

Determining the possible association of viral hepatitis infection and degree of pruritus is the primary concern of this study. Ninety-six adequately dialyzed CAPD patients (47 male and 49 female) and 526 normal controls (266 male and 260 female) were enrolled. Blood hemoglobin, ferritin, electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were analyzed by routine methods. Serum HBsAg was examined, using a radioimmunoassay method and the anti-HCV, an enzyme immunoassay method. All cases were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. The highest possible pruritus score (PS) was 22. The prevalences of HBsAg(+) and anti-HCV(+) were 14.6% and 17.7%, respectively. The mean PS in all 96 CAPD patients was 11.6 (range 7-22). The mean PS were 11.8 +/- 0.6 and 12.5 +/- 1.0 for patients infected with HBV and HCV, respectively. Both were significantly higher than that (10 +/- 0.9) of patients without hepatitis infection. AST and ALT were significantly higher in patients infected with viral hepatitis than those without. The other biochemical parameters were not significant. Thirty-seven (38.5%) of our 96 patients had mild pruritus (PS < or = 7) and 11 (15.9%) had severe pruritus (PS > or = 15). Of the 83.9% (26/31) patients with viral hepatitis, the grades of skin itching were moderate to severe; whereas those of the patients without viral hepatitis, 53.6% (37/69) belonged to the group of moderate to severe pruritus (p = 0.003, chi 2 test with Yates' correction). The authors recommended screening of viral hepatitis infection to be undertaken for uremic patients with unexplained skin itching.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis infection should be considered for evaluating uremic pruritus in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. 968 Nov 57

Biotechnological techniques of cross-linking and microencapsulation of hemoglobin result in blood substitutes that can replace red blood cells. Unlike red blood cells they can be sterilized by pasteurization, ultrafiltration and chemical means. This removes microorganisms responsible for AIDS, hepatitis, etc. Since they are free of red blood cell blood group antigens, there is no need for cross-matching or typing. This saves time and facilities and allows on-the-spot transfusion such as the infusion of salt solution. Furthermore, they can be stored for a long time. Hemoglobin for modification can be extracted from human red blood cells. Other sources of hemoglobin include bovine hemoglobin and recombinant human hemoglobin. Clinical trials are ongoing testing the possible uses of cross-linked hemoglobin in cardiac, orthopedic, trauma and other types of surgery. It is also being tested for the replacement of lost blood in severe bleeding due to trauma or other causes. Cross-linked hemoglobins are first generation blood substitutes that only fulfil some of the functions of red blood cells. New generations of more complete red blood cell substitutes are being developed. These include cross-linked hemoglobin-catalase-superoxide dismutase and microencapsulated hemoglobin-enzyme systems.
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PMID:Modified hemoglobin blood substitutes: present status and future perspectives. 989 Jan 39

The influence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum erythropoietin (Epo) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations was studied in 48 anemic patients on regular hemodialysis. They were grouped as follows: (I) 19 patients whose Hb values improved after infection (Hb > 85 g/L), (II) 10 patients with persisting anemia after infection (Hb < 75 g/L), and, without hepatitis virus markers (III) 8 patients with Hb > 85 g/L and (IV) 11 patients with Hb < 75 g/L. Serum immunoreactive Epo levels were significantly higher in group I (34.4+/-47.1 U/L) than in the other groups (II, 10.8+/-6.0; III, 7.9+/-3.2; IV, 8.4+/-4.3). Serum IL-6 was higher in group I than group III (7.7+/-7.8 pg/ml vs. 3.6+/-2.4; p = 0.05) but similar to the other groups. Hb levels in group I were maximal at the time of serum alanine aminotransferase normalization. Red cell production increases as a result of elevated circulating Epo during hepatic regeneration after HBV or HCV infection.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin and interleukin-6 levels in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis virus infection. 1033 88

This review compares the tolerability profiles of the three currently available nonsteroidal antiandrogens, flutamide, bicalutamide and nilutamide. Pharmacological effects associated with blockade of the androgen receptor are frequent with all three drugs. Gynecomastia and breast pain are seen more frequently during antiandrogen monotherapy than during combination with medical or surgical castration or castration alone, and the reverse is true for hot flashes, which are a side effect of castration. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also common to all three drugs, but diarrhea occurs more frequently in flutamide studies than in bicalutamide or nilutamide studies. Hepatotoxicity has been seen with all three antiandrogens, but acute, reversible hepatitis and fatal fulminant hepatitis have also been reported with both nilutamide and flutamide. All three drugs have been associated with asymptomatic elevations in aminotransferases and may reduce hemoglobin levels. Adverse events that have been reported with nilutamide include interstitial pneumonitis, delayed adaptation to darkness after exposure to bright light and alcohol intolerance. To date, bicalutamide appears to have some advantage over flutamide and nilutamide in terms of tolerability.
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PMID:Tolerability of Nonsteroidal Antiandrogens in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. 1038 26

A 16-year-old primigravida was referred to our department at 22 weeks gestation because of a nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Sonography revealed an isolated fetal ascites. Cordocentesis was performed to rule out anaemia, infection and chromosomale abnormalities, followed subsequently by intrauterine transfusion because of fetal anaemia (hemoglobin-concentration of 8.4 g/dl). It was found that the pregnant suffered from an acute hepatitis-B-virus-infection with positive HBsAg, positive HBeAg and HBc-IgM antibodies, confirmed by serological tests. In a second cordocentesis the cordblood specimen was found to be HBsAg positive as well. The fetus was intramusculary given hyperimmune-globulin under ultrasound guidance. In the further course of pregnancy signs of meconium-peritonitis were observed. Postnatally a distal ileal perforation was detected and the newborn underwent laparotomy for distal ileal perforation. In this case report we discuss the connection with nonimmune hydrops fetalis and the maternal and fetal hepatitis-B-virus-infection.
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PMID:[Maternal hepatitis B infection as the cause of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis]. 1042 71


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