Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the role played by interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune endocrine disease, we determined the autoantibody status, thyroid function test results, hemoglobin-A1c levels, and clinical symptoms of 58 patients who received IFN alpha for treatment of chronic active type C hepatitis. Each patient was treated for 6 months with a total dose of 391 +/- 140 x 10(6) U (mean +/- SD). Thyroid microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibodies newly appeared or were increased in titer in 6 patients, 2 of whom developed hypothyroidism during IFN alpha therapy. Neither islet cell antibodies nor insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed during IFN alpha therapy, although hemoglobin-A1c levels were increased in 2 patients. One patient became positive for antimitochondrial antibodies, and another patient with preexisting antimitochondrial antibodies also manifested deterioration in liver function test results. Parietal cell antibodies and smooth muscle cell antibodies were the most frequent newly developed antibodies in 7 patients. Adrenal medullary cell antibodies and nuclear antibodies newly developed in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. At least 1 of 8 autoantibodies newly appeared in 19 patients (32.8%) and hypothyroidism developed in 2 patients (3.4%) during IFN alpha therapy. On the other hand, in 19 age- and sex-matched patients who did not receive IFN alpha, no autoantibody appeared, and no autoimmune disease developed during a follow-up period of 3 months. These findings suggest that IFN alpha acts as an immunomodulatory agent, inducing autoantibody production and the development of autoimmune disease in susceptible patients. Special attention should be paid to the development of hypothyroidism during IFN alpha therapy.
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PMID:Autoimmune endocrine disease induced by recombinant interferon-alpha therapy for chronic active type C hepatitis. 788 51

Management of transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease patients with acute complications is often made difficult because of confusing indications, a variety of methods, disparate goals, and varying needs for maintenance transfusion. In priapism, acute chest syndrome, many major surgical procedures, toxemia of pregnancy, and cerebrovascular accidents, the target hemoglobin A level should be made as close to 100% as possible by mechanized red blood cell exchange. If mechanized exchange is unavailable, manual exchange should be instituted. Hemoglobin A should be maintained at greater than 60% to 70% by periodic simple transfusion until patients are fully recovered. Stroke patients should undergo maintenance transfusions for at least 3 years and perhaps 5 to 12 years. Physicians and patients should be aware of the transfusion-related risks of hepatitis and HIV infection. Alloimmunization and iron overload should be minimized in patients requiring frequent transfusions and chelation therapy should be utilized for iron overload.
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PMID:Transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease patients: methods and acute indications. 812 Apr 39

Mild microcytic anemia (without changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC) was discovered 6-14 weeks after a single s.c. administration of 4 mg of particulate glucan to C57BL/10ScSnPh mice serologically positive for murine hepatitis (MHV). The anemia was associated with granulocytosis, decreased body weight and spleen hypertrophy. The overall intensity of erythropoiesis was measured by 59Fe-incorporation into the heme of erythropoietic organs. The localization of erythropoiesis became markedly redistributed--heme production was suppressed in the bone marrow while a several-fold increase was recorded for the spleen. A new steady state was also discovered in ferrokinetics: an iron pool localized away from the blood, erythropoietic organs and the liver was significantly elevated, and hypoferremia was detected. Anemia and wasting of mice were not observed in the same mouse strain free of MHV. A single administration of particulate glucan resulted in late impairment of red blood cell formation in the C57BL/10ScSnPh mouse strain infected with the mouse hepatitis virus. The anemia shares a number of features with those observed for the anemia of chronic diseases.
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PMID:Microcytic anemia and changes in ferrokinetics as late after-effects of glucan administration in murine hepatitis virus-infected C57BL/10ScSnPh mice. 815 May 55

In a retrospective study, the perioperative findings and complications of AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV-positive patients were compared to those of HIV-negative patients. Characteristic operations in HIV-positive patients were those of extremities in general surgery, and dilatation and curettage in gynecology. There were significant differences among three groups concerning preoperative hemoglobin, GOT, electrolyte concentrations and heart rate. As the preoperative findings, hepatitis and dyspnea on exertion were remarkable in the HIV-positive patients. During anesthesia tachycardia was more frequent in the HIV-positive patients. Postoperatively high fever, anemia and tachycardia were significantly more frequent in the HIV-positive patients. The postoperative leucocyte count was less in the AIDS-patients than in other two groups. As a whole there are some peculiarities about the estimation of the risk and the planning of anesthesia in the HIV-positive patients.
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PMID:[Perioperative complications in HIV-positive patients]. 818 23

Plasma DNA increases where cell death occurs in vivo. To investigate its significance in elderly patients, plasma DNA was assayed in 79 institutionalized patients over 68 years of age. The patients were divided into two groups: group I comprises 39 patients suffering from various acute or chronic illnesses; group II comprises 40 patients without chronic disease, and free of any clinical or biological symptoms of any infectious or inflammatory process. Plasma DNA was higher in group I than in group II (p < 0.0001) and in group II than in a control group of middle-aged subjects (p < 0.05). In group I, increase in plasma DNA concentration was found in various pathological situations associated with cell death phenomena, including infections, cancers with metastasis, hepatitis, irreversible cardiac failure, severe respiratory insufficiency and thrombophlebitis. Plasma DNA concentrations were not correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen concentration, hemoglobin concentration or leukocyte count. In group I, as well as in the overall population, survival after 1 month was significantly reduced in patients with increased concentrations of plasma DNA. In conclusion, plasma DNA as a marker of cell death phenomena occurring in vivo, could be helpful for follow-up and management of elderly patients.
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PMID:Plasma DNA as cell death marker in elderly patients. 824 49

With the purpose to avoid the risk of transfusion mediated infection and complication, predeposited autologous blood transfusion was performed. From April 1990 to March 1991, transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) were performed in 27 patients (mean age: 72.5 years) with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Autologous blood (200-400 ml, mean 244 ml) was predeposited 3 weeks prior to TUR-P in 18 patients (mean age: 73.9 years) and transfused during or just after the operation in 16 (five patients required some homologous blood in addition to their own banked blood). Another three patients were transfused with homologous blood only. The mean values for hemoglobin concentration were 13.7 +/- 0.4 g/dl before blood deposition and 12.8 +/- 0.5 g/dl on the day of operation (recovery rate: 92.5 +/- 2.7%). Although no complication was found in autologous blood transfusion group (11 patients), one case of systemic exanthema and one case of type C hepatitis were observed in homologous blood transfusion group (8 patients). In TUR-P, positive correlations were observed among resected prostate weight (Pro-wt), blood loss (B.) and operation time (Op-T.). Correlation efficient between Pro-wt. and B. was 0.80, that of B. and Op-T. was 0.77 and that of Pro-wt. and Op-T. was 0.85. From these results and ultransomographic measurement of the prostate weight, the amount of blood loss can be calculated preoperatively, there by the amount of blood needed for transfusion will be estimated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autologous blood transfusion in transurethral resection of the prostate]. 835 37

The use of autologous blood is a well established and extremely popular technique to decrease the necessity for homologous transfusions and the attendant risks of hepatitis, HIV, and HTLV--I/II infections. The most beneficial timing for autologous reinfusion of predonated blood remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal timing of autologous blood reinfusion in elective spinal surgery. Fifty-seven patients were prospectively individually randomly allocated into early versus delayed reinfusion groups prior to undergoing elective spinal surgery by a single surgeon. Three surgical subgroups were entered into the study: anterior/posterior (A/P) spinal fusion patients, posterior thoracolumbar scoliosis fusion patients (PSF), and degenerative posterior lumbar fusion patients (LF). Randomization was successful in that three was no significant difference in male to female ratio, age, preoperative hemoglobin, or number of units predonated between the early and delayed reinfusion groups. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the details of the operative procedure when compared as a group for the early versus delayed reinfusion groups. A significant increase in the postoperative day #1, 2 and 3 hemoglobin was seen in the early reinfusion group, while there was no significant difference seen in the postoperative day #7 hemoglobin between the early versus delayed reinfusion group. There was no effect of surgical grouping on these significant comparisons. Earlier patient mobilization was also seen in the early reinfusion groups for the A/P and PSF groups. There was no difference in patients' subjective evaluation of satisfaction and discomfort between the early or delayed reinfusion groups as determined by blinded interview on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early versus late replacement of autotransfused blood in elective spinal surgery. A prospective randomized study. 836 75

Autologous blood donation is an established method for an effective reduction of the blood-transfusion-associated infectious diseases (hepatitis, HIV infections, etc.) in elective surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a blood donation of 450 ml on the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in 16 apparently healthy young subjects. The 24 cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed on a bicycle ergometer (Ergoline 900) in a semisupine position, using a ramp program (+20 watt/min) 1-7 days before and 2 days after blood donation. By means of continuous breath-by-breath measurements of the gas exchange (VO2, VCO2) and ventilation parameters (minute ventilation VE), as well as of the routine parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, work rate) during incremental exercise the respiratory anaerobic threshold VO2AT, the maximum VO2 (VO2max and the maximal working capacity (max. WR) were determined. Serum hemoglobin concentration was significantly (p < 0.0005) reduced from 14.5 +/- 1.0 to 13.0 +/- 1.4 g/dl after blood donation. The ventilatory anaerobic threshold (before: 68.5 +/- 17.0; after: 52.0 +/- 20.3% pred. max. VO2), the max. VO2 (before: 124.2 +/- 21.3; after: 110.2 +/- 23.2% pred. max. VO2) and max. WR (before: 287.1 +/- 75.6; after 265.5 +/- 76.2 watt) fell significantly (VO2AT: p < 0.0005; max. VO2: p < 0.0005; max. WR: p < 0.025). Heart rate and minute ventilation showed a steeper increase (dHR/dWR: before: 0.31 +/- 0.06; after: 0.34 +/- 0.05 beats/min/watt; dVE/dWR: before: 0.29 +/- 0.05; after: 0.31 +/- 0.05 l/watt) in relation to the increase in WR after blood donation as compared to the test before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of a single blood donation on ergo-spirometrically determined cardiopulmonary performance capacity of young healthy probands]. 837 42

We produced hepatitis in guinea pigs by immunization with acetaldehyde adducts and ethanol treatment. Human hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts were prepared without any reducing agents and affinity purified with polyclonal antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts. Female guinea pigs were immunized with the adducts and were simultaneously given ethanol for 40 days. These treatments induced hepatic necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the hepatic lobules. The formation of the lymphoid follicle was also observed in severe cases. These changes were accompanied by the elevation of serum AST and lactic dehydrogenase activities and titers of circulating antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts. By contrast, the combination of ethanol and immunization with unmodified hemoglobin produced only fatty change of the liver, and animals immunized with the adducts alone had minimal inflammatory changes of the liver. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals with hepatitis were shown to be stimulated by acetaldehyde adducts to a significantly greater degree than those from control animals who received nothing, ethanol alone or ethanol and unmodified hemoglobin. These results suggest that the immune response to acetaldehyde adducts may be involved, at least partly, in the pathogenesis of inflammation observed in alcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:Experimental hepatitis induced by ethanol after immunization with acetaldehyde adducts. 842 34

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare, severe disease of mainly unknown origin. Numerous case history reports have incriminated drugs in the etiology of this disease. Because those reports were questionable, a case-control study was conducted in France between 1985 and 1988. Cases selected from the national register were eligible for inclusion when at least two blood lineages were depressed (hemoglobin < or = 10 g/100 mL and reticulocytes < or = 50 x 10(9)/L, granulocytes < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/L, platelets < or = 100 x 10(9)/L) and when the bone marrow biopsy was compatible with the disease. Using a standardized questionnaire, trained investigators interviewed one AA patient and two groups of controls (two hospitalized patients and one neighbor of the AA patient) matched for age, sex, and interviewer. One hundred forty-seven AA patients, 287 hospitalized controls, and 108 neighbors were interviewed. The occurrence of AA was analyzed by matched design with relation to medical history and drug use during the last 5 years, and specifically during the last year. Three times as many AA patients reported having suffered from clinical hepatitis during the last 6 months than either type of control. Similarly, a higher proportion of AA patients reported a history of chronic immune disorder, mainly rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio of 6.8), and a previous use of gold salts and D-penicillamine in the 5 previous years (odds ratio of 4.9 for each drug). An excess of colchicine and allo/thiopurinol intake in the 5 previous years was observed among the AA patients (odds ratio equal to 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). These results for gold salts, D-penicillamine, and colchicine were confirmed when looking for drug use within the last year. A moderate risk was associated with acetaminophen or salicylate intake during the 5 previous years or during the last year (odds ratio between 1.8 and 2.0). The frequent use of salicylates within the last year was associated with a high risk of AA (odds ratio of 5.0). A high risk was also associated with indolic derivative intake but only when comparing AA patients to neighbor controls. No association could be evidenced with diclofenac intake, whatever the control group. Differences observed with recently published studies suggest that targeted studies on each category of drugs according to the treated pathologies should be initiated.
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PMID:Epidemiology of aplastic anemia in France: a case-control study. I. Medical history and medication use. The French Cooperative Group for Epidemiological Study of Aplastic Anemia. 845 94


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