Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Raised serum alpha-fetoprotein levels measured by radioimmunoassay were found in 19 out of 24 (79%) patients with primary liver cancer and in 32 out of 311 (10%) patients with other liver diseases. The rise was transient in cases of hepatitis and a transient rise was also seen after alcohol intake ceased in two patients with cirrhosis. alpha-Fetoprotein levels exceeding 500 ng/ml were 30-50 times more common in primary liver cancer than in other liver diseases. A rise in level seems to reflect the extent of liver regeneration in liver diseases other than primary cancer.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein: diagnostic significance in liver disease. 440 83

Liver cell dysplasia is defined as cellular enlargement, nuclear pleomorphism, and multinucleation of liver cells occurring in groups or occupying whole cirrhotic nodules. The prevalence, natural history, and relationship to the Australia or hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) have been studied in 552 Ugandan African patients with normal, cirrhotic, and cancerous livers. Liver cell dysplasia was found in only two of 200 (1%) patients with normal livers, in three of 43 (6.9%) of patients with normal livers bearing primary liver cell carcinoma, 35 of 175 (20.3%) patients with cirrhosis, and 80 of 124 (64.5%) of patients with cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma. Cirrhotic patients without dysplasia were, on average, ten years younger than those with dysplasia and the latter were on average six years younger than those with cirrhosis and carcinoma. Liver cell dysplasia occurred more frequently in males than in females. It was found in all but one instance in macronodular or mixed forms of cirrhosis only. There was a strong relationship between dysplasia and the presence of HAA in 104 patients that suggests a possible carcinogenic mechanism for the longincubation (serum or B) hepatitis virus in liver cell carcinoma. It is concluded that the presence of liver cell dysplasia identifies a group of patients with a high risk of liver cell carcinoma and that they should be followed up by serial alpha-fetoprotein estimations.
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PMID:Liver cell dysplasia: a premalignant condition. 470 May 3

Statistical analyses have been made by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan of 4031 cases of primary liver cancers diagnosed at 155 institutes during the period of Jan. 1, 1968-Dec. 31, 1977, based on the questionnaire in the form of individual file. They comprised 2411 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 268 of cholangiocellular carcinoma, 58 of the mixed type, 69 of hepatoblastoma, 23 of others, and 1202 cases with only clinical diagnosis. The survey and analyses mostly based on the histology-proven cases included gross anatomical and histological features of tumors, grades of anaplasia and growth patterns of tumor cells, pathology of noncancerous liver portion, frequency of accompanying cirrhosis or fibrosis, distant metastases, past history, frequency of hepatitis in the past history, frequency of positive HBsAg and anti-HBs, familial clustering of positive HBsAg tests, age distribution, subjective symptoms, objective signs, serum alpha-fetoprotein, celiac angiography findings, number of operations performed, kinds of surgical approaches made, extents of hepatic resection, prognosis in terms of survival in relation to various surgical treatments, chemotherapeutic agents used and routes of administration, prognosis as related to the accompanying parenchymal liver disease, and overall survival.
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PMID:Primary liver cancers in Japan. 615 97

We have assessed the clinical utility of a radioimmunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The method, which relies on ammonium sulfate precipitation for the separation of "bound" and "free" radiolabeled antigen, can be completed in one working day. The assay is specific for AFP, has a sensitivity of < 10 ng/ml, and has intra- and inter-assay precision of 5--8% and 9--11%, respectively. We have conducted a three-year study of 472 pregnancies in which physicians wished to detect neural tube defects, and of 400 non-pregnant patients to assess the value of serum AFP as a marker for certain benign and malignant diseases. Six of 6 fetal open neural-tube defects (NTD's) and 3 of 3 intrauterine fetal deaths were correctly identified by their association with marked AFP elevations in both maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Thirty non-pregnant patients were found to have AFP elevations greater than 20 ng/ml. Malignancies associated with these elevations were hepatoma, germ cell tumors, Wilms' tumor, and carcinoma of unknown origin. Carcinoma metastatic to the liver was not associated with AFP elevations. In AFP-associated tumors we found serial measurements of serum AFP to be of value in assessing therapeutic response. Benign diseases associated with AFP elevations included neonatal hepatitis, viral hepatitis, fulminant toxic hepatitis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein in the routine clinical laboratory: evaluation of a simple radioimmunoassay and review of current concepts in its clinical application. 615 81

The presence of hepatitis B viral markers in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) was studied retrospectively at the Taiwan Veterans General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Serum samples from 102 PHC patients and from 100 control individuals were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg), and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Of the 102 PHC patients, 72 (71%) were positive for HBsAg. Nine (9%) additional patients were positive for anti-HBc alone in high titer, 19 (19%) had both anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 9 (9%) had HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. In the 100 controls, 12 (12%) were HBsAg-positive, whereas 22 (22%) had anti-HBc alone and 50 (50%) had both anti-HBc and anti-HBs. Only 4 (4%) controls and no PHC patients had anti-HBs alone. Of the HBsAg-positive patients with PHC, 17 (29%) had HBeAg and 36 (61%) had anti-HBe. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels above 400 ng/ml were found in 44% of the PHC patients. Values of AFP above 1 x 10(5) ng/ml were more frequently detected in PHC patients who were HBsAg-positive. Categorization of the geographic origins of the families whose members had PHC revealed that most families had originated from southern China. This study confirms that hepatitis B viral markers are frequently present in Chinese patients with PHC.
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PMID:Hepatitis B viral markers in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. 616 90

The serological markers of hepatitis B virus and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been studied in 28 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis, correlating the data with survival. On admission, 20 patients were found to be positive for HBsAg and eight for anti-HBs. All anti-HBs-positive cases showed high titers of anti-HBc, and six patients were positive for specific anti-HBc-IgM. DNA polymerase activity was detected in serum of 11 HBsAg-positive (55%) and four anti-HBs-positive (50%) patients. HBeAg was detected in six (21.4%) subjects (five HBsAg-positive and one anti-HBs-positive), whereas anti-HBe was present in nine (32.1%) subjects (six HBsAg-positive and three anti-HBs-positive). AFP levels greater than 60 ng/ml were found in sera of 14 patients (50%). No significant difference was evidenced in the survival rate between HBsAg-positive and anti-HBs-positive and between HBeAg-positive and HBe Ag-negative patients. However, a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the survival rate was found in patients positive and negative for DNA polymerase activity and in those with AFP levels higher and lower than 60 ng/ml (P less than 0.005). Pathogenetic and prognostic significance of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus markers, alpha-fetoprotein and survival in fulminant viral hepatitis. 616 71

In an attempt to study the diagnostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum AFP concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 34 neonates and infants with obstructive hepatobiliary diseases and the results were compared with the normal ranges of AFP at this age. Eighteen of 24 infants with biliary atresia and four of six infants with neonatal hepatitis had raised AFP values. In only one of four infants with choledochal cyst, did the AFP value exceed the normal range. In 10 older children with this lesion, AFP was normal. Serum AFP concentrations in biliary atresia did not correlate with the serum bilirubin, s-GOT, s-GPT, anatomic type of the lesion or postoperative bile flow. From these observations, it would appear that the elevation of AFP in infantile cholestasis is unrelated to underlying diseases except in case of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Serum AFP concentrations in neonates with physiological jaundice, were seldom elevated, and showed a good correlation with serum levels of total bilirubin. Possible mechanisms causing this elevation of AFP may be different from those involved in infantile cholestasis.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein in infantile obstructive jaundice in comparison with the normal ranges. 616 59

A radioimmunoassay specific for human aldolase A was used to measure human aldolase A levels in human tissue and serum of patients with various liver diseases. The method was a double-antibody technique using radio-iodinated purified aldolase A, chicken antibody to aldolase A, and rabbit antibody to chicken immunoglobulin G. Normal liver tissue contains only a small amount of aldolase A. In contrast, aldolase A predominates in liver cell carcinoma tissue. Aldolase A levels in the sera of normal subjects were 171 +/- 39 ng/ml (mean +/- 2 SD). In almost all of the nonmalignant liver diseases, the aldolase A levels remained less than 210 ng/ml. The serum aldolase A levels increased remarkable only in fulminant hepatitis. in contrast, 32 of 34 patients with liver cell carcinoma and all of 29 patients with metastatic liver carcinoma showed clearly increased serum aldolase A levels. More patients with primary liver cell carcinoma had increased serum aldolase A levels than elevations of serum alpha-fetoprotein. These results suggest that the determination of aldolase A by radioimmunoassay may be useful to differentiate malignant form nonmalignant liver diseases.
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PMID:Aldolase A isoenzyme levels in serum and tissues of patients with liver diseases. 618 64

The level of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin) in the blood serum was determined in 147 patients with benign and malignant hepatic diseases, 105 patients with cancer of extrahepatic site, Stage I-IV, without liver metastases (a control group) and 36 practically healthy persons. An analysis of the results obtained allowed one to establish that an increase in the concentration of tumor markers as compared to the normal one, is noted in both malignant and benign hepatic diseases as well as in the control group. However hepatic tumors were caused by a more frequent rise of the concentration of tumor markers in the blood serum with higher absolute values. Among benign hepatic diseases the most frequent increase in the level of tumor markers was noted in hepatitis and cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in focal and diffuse liver diseases]. 620 93

Clinicopathological features were studied in 113 non-alcoholic patients with histology-proven hepatocellular carcinoma, of whom 35 were positive for hepatis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), 23 were negative for all seromarkers for hepatitis B virus, and 55 were negative for HBsAg, but positive for anti-HBs and/or anti-core antibody (anti-HBc) with low titers. It was found that the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis was significantly lower in HBsAg cases than in the other two groups. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were often normal or below 100 ng/ml in the seronegative cases, and its measurement less frequently served as a diagnostic clue. Otherwise, clinically there was no difference between the three groups except for more frequent liver disease within the second degree of kinship in the HBsAg patients. Histopathological study of the livers showed that there were more expanding type hepatocellular carcinomas in the seronegative cases as compared with the HBsAg positive cases. There was no autoimmune chronic liver disease in these patients. These observations and data seem to indicate that there are certain differences between HBsAg positive and seronegative hepatocellular carcinomas. Since most patients had progressive liver disease, it is likely that many of these seronegative cases had chronic non-A, non-B viral disease, which is very common in Japan. It may be inferred further that non-A, non-B hepatitis virus is less carcinogenic as compared with hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma--comparison of hepatitis B seropositive and seronegative patients. 620 15


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