Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective analysis of 166 patients with chronic hepatitis B followed for up to 8 years, 22 patients had 29 episodes of elevations in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Twenty-five episodes were due to a transient exacerbation of the underlying hepatitis and 11 of these episodes were followed by a loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) from serum and a remission in disease. Two patients were found to have hepatocellular carcinoma. No apparent cause could be found in a further two episodes of AFP elevation. In comparison to 144 patients with normal levels, the 22 with AFP elevations were more likely to have cirrhosis (61% versus 13%, P = 0.01), to die a liver-related death (27% versus 0.7%, P = 0.0007) and to have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (9% versus 0%, P = 0.002). These findings confirm that AFP can be used to screen for HCC in high-risk patients with chronic hepatitis B. The majority of AFP elevations, however, will be found to be due to exacerbations of disease, with or without loss of HBeAg from serum, especially in white patients with severe disease and cirrhosis.
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PMID:Elevations in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B. 247 80

Data provided by 51 voluntary blood donors identified as asymptomatic HBsAg carriers five to ten years (mean = 7.5 years) before their inclusion in the study are analysed towards their long-term evolution. HBsAg clearance was estimated 2.5% yearly and 83.9% of those remaining positive showed the classical non-replicative serological pattern; another 12.9% were negative for both HBeAg-Anti HBe (seroconversion window?), one of them presenting raised ASAT-ALAT levels and enhanced histological activity (lobular chronic hepatitis). Neither alpha-fetoprotein seric levels (RIA) nor liver ultrasonography demonstrated hepatocellular carcinoma suspicion signs in 35 HBsAg positive cases to this methods; ASAT-ALAT levels raised over two fold the normal superior limit in only 11.4%, and neither aggressive chronic liver disease nor hepatocyte dysplasia was showed in 17 biopsied cases (70.6% normal; 23.6% chronic reactive or chronic persistent hepatitis; 5.8% chronic lobular hepatitis). One out of five patients biopsied with a seven years interval showed histologic worsening.
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PMID:[Long-term course in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg in an area of low prevalence of hepatocarcinoma]. 248 74

A 65 year old woman with lupoid hepatitis developed hepatocellular carcinoma which was diagnosed at an early stage. She had no history of blood transfusion and serum hepatitis B virus markers were negative. Prednisolone and 6-mercaptopurine were administered for the treatment of lupoid hepatitis. A hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by the elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein and imaging studies. A tumour, 1.4 cm in diameter, was located in the lateral segment of the left hepatic lobe. It was resected by hepatic subsegmentectomy. Histological study showed a hepatocellular carcinoma of Edmondson type II against a background of posthepatitic cirrhosis. The patient was in good condition 2.5 years after the operation.
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PMID:Resected case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with lupoid hepatitis. 256 48

Three new cases of an unusual subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) referred to as fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma (FLHC) recently seen at our institution are described. This report focuses on the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this rare subset of HCC. All three patients were under 30 years of age with no previous history of hepatitis or cirrhosis. Each had had subacute symptoms for 5 months to 1 year before medical attention was sought and/or diagnosis of FLHC was established. There was no reliable correlation with oral contraceptive use in the 2 female patients. Serum alpha-1-fetoprotein levels were normal with only mild elevation of liver enzymes. The CT features, although not specific, were suggestive of an aggressive tumor with amorphous calcification in 2 of the 3 cases. Angiographically all tumors were hypervascular without any evidence of arterioportal shunting or venous invasion of major vessels. The clinical and radiologic recognition of these tumors is important since the surgical resectibility rate and 2- and 5-year survival rates are higher than those applicable to conventional HCC.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. 300 95

The regenerative process was evaluated in terms of liver size, function, and histology in 28 adults who had major hepatic resection: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 21, secondary liver cancer from colorectum in four, carcinoma of the gallbladder in one, Klatskin tumor in one, and Caroli's disease in one. There were 22 men and six women. Ages ranged from 17 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.7. All patients with HCC had underlying liver disease: liver cirrhosis in 14 and chronic hepatitis in seven. Extended right lobectomy was done on 10 patients, right lobectomy on 16 patients, and left lobectomy on two patients. The residual liver size was serially estimated with computed tomography (CT) in 15 patients: six with normal liver, five with chronic hepatitis, and four with cirrhosis. A complete restoration of the residual liver size was found within 3 months in 3 and 6 months, respectively, in two patients with normal livers. The liver was enlarged in all patients with the parenchymal diseases but obviously more slowly compared with normal liver. Liver functions were restored normally within 2-3 weeks in patients with normal livers, but hyperbilirubinemia persisted longer in those with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. A continuous rise of bilirubin was an ominous sign of liver failure and subsequent death, which occurred in five patients with cirrhosis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein did not rise in accordance with the regeneration. Histologically, evidence of active regeneration with increased mitotic activity was found at 10 and 35 days in those patients with normal livers. Mitosis was not seen in a specimen taken at 7 days. Enlarged cuboidal hepatocytes and cells with basophilic cytoplasm or two nuclei were observed more or less in all specimens. The livers with cirrhosis or hepatitis also showed histologic evidence of regeneration during the first 2 months but substantially less compared with normal liver, which was well supported by the volumetric study of the liver remnants with CT.
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PMID:Human liver regeneration after major hepatic resection. A study of normal liver and livers with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 303 39

The incidence and contributing factors of cirrhosis developing in patients with chronic type B hepatitis were assessed prospectively in 684 clinicopathologically verified patients, of which 509 were HBeAg positive and 175 were anti-HBe positive at entry into the study. During an average follow-up period of 35.3 months, cirrhosis occurred 6 to 64 months after entry in 35 HBeAg-positive and 7 anti-HBe positive patients with a calculated annual incidence of 2.4 and 1.3%, respectively (p greater than 0.05). The incidence increased significantly with the increasing age at entry. Patients who had experienced (a) hepatic decompensation, (b) repeated episodes of severe acute exacerbation (with alpha-fetoprotein greater than 100 ng per ml and/or bridging hepatic necrosis), (c) severe acute exacerbation not accompanied by subsequent HBeAg seroconversion and (d) hepatitis B virus reactivation (particularly those with HBeAg reappearance) were found to develop cirrhosis much more frequently (p less than 0.001). Contrary to general belief, patients who had hepatitis delta virus superinfection and patients with chronic active hepatitis were not particularly prone to develop cirrhosis. We conclude that in addition to age factor, the extent, severity, duration, frequency and etiology of the hepatic lobular alterations are important factors for the development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis.
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PMID:The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective study. 337 68

The paper is concerned with the results of hormonal studies on virus hepatitis in 84 children aged 2 to 14, of them 28 had a mild form of disease, 50--medium grave and 6--a severe form of disease. A study was made of the blood content of ACTH, STH, TSH, cortisol, aldosterone, T3, T4, prolactin, and alpha-fetoprotein. The hormones were determined by a radioimmunoassay using Sorin kits (France). A considerable increase in the blood content of ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and a moderate increase in STH, TSH and T4 concentrations were noted at the height of virus hepatitis. The above changes were interpreted as a result of combined manifestation of a stress reaction and a decrease in the catabolism of some liver hormones. An assumption has been made of a possibility of the effect of late hormonal shifts on the outcome of virus hepatitis of development of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:[Endocrine changes in children with acute viral hepatitis]. 343 65

Complexes between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been detected in acute type B hepatitis. Sequential serum testing for the presence of these complexes has been shown to be the best method for predicting disease chronicity. The presence of HBsAg/IgM complexes was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with selected sera from Senegal. The three population groups studied were composed of 405 Senegalese soldiers as well as 84 liver cirrhosis and 169 primary liver cancer patients. Only one of the 122 HBsAg negative sera tested was found to be positive for HBsAg/IgM complexes. Complexes were detected 13.9% of the HBsAg positive soldiers, in 40% of the HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis patients, and in 50% of the HBsAg positive primary liver cancer patients. HBsAg/IgM complexes were also detected in 53.6% of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBe) positive soldiers, compared to 75 and 76% for the HBeAg positive liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer patients, respectively. In anti-HBe positive sera, an increased proportion of HBsAg/IgM complexes was observed during the sequence chronic hepatitis (5%)-cirrhosis (29%)-primary liver cancer (42%). On the other hand, it has been reported that in the sequence of events leading from chronic hepatitis to primary liver cancer, there is an increase in anti-HBeAg prevalence and in alpha-fetoprotein levels. In this study, only alpha-fetoprotein levels were found to increase. Values higher than 15 IU/ml were observed in 4.3, 27.3, and 86.4% of the HBsAg positive individuals from the three groups. No significant variation was observed in the anti-HBe prevalence between the population group (64-75%).
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PMID:Persistence of circulating complexes between HBsAg and immunoglobulin M in sera of hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients suffering from liver cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. 394 6

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured serially by radioimmunoassay in 32 patients with acute viral hepatitis. With one exception, the levels were increased during the course of the illness. Raised concentrations of the protein occurred almost equally in patients with and without the hepatitis-B antigen. In the majority of patients the rise was modest but in seven levels were reached at which alpha-fetoprotein could be detected by immunodiffusion. Very high levels were more likely to occur in children. In eight patients the concentration increased as the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level, used as an index of hepatocyte damage, was returning to normal, a pattern which favoured increased synthesis of the protein during hepatocellular regeneration. In the remainder, the alpha-fetoprotein level paralleled that of SGPT, suggesting rather an acutephase reaction to liver injury.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in acute viral hepatitis. 413 54

A young woman whose serum was positive for hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A.A.) and alpha-fetoprotein developed a malignant hepatoma. Though the light-microscopical appearances of the surrounding liver tissue were normal, electronmicroscope examination of the tumour tissue disclosed both C-virus-like particles and H.A.A. particles. Possibly there was a causal connexion between one of these particles and the hepatoma.
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PMID:Primary hepatoma and hepatitis-associated antigen in a young white woman. 434 62


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