Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe herein the case of a heterotopic pancreas that caused stenosis in the second portion of the duodenum. A 46-year-old man presented with upper abdominal pain and a 12-month history of intermittent vomiting. There was no history of melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, clay-colored stools, jaundice, or hepatitis and he did not describe any food dyscrasias, although fatty foods and alcohol seemed to make the symptoms worse. No specific medication or change in position relieved the pain. An initial diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis with multiple pseudocysts was made on the basis of elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, and abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) findings. Medical treatment with octreotide was given for 8 weeks, but without any marked effect. Double-contrast barium examination and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were not diagnostic. Magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography revealed findings indicative of cystic dystrophy of a heterotopic pancreas (CDHP), and an endoscopy supported this diagnosis. A pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of CDHP. In our opinion, MR cholangiopancreatography is the diagnostic tool of choice when CDHP is suspected.
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PMID:Duodenal pancreatic heterotopy diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: report of a case. 1175 93

Pancreatitis is clearly associated with alcohol abuse, but only a relatively small percentage of people who abuse alcohol develops obvious pancreatitis. These observations have led to the concept that the development of alcoholic pancreatitis requires cofactors. Although diet and smoking have been studied, a clear cofactor has not been identified. The study results presented in this paper were obtained to determine whether viral infection of the pancreas would be a cofactor for alcoholic pancreatitis similar to the role of hepatitis virus infections in the development of alcoholic liver disease. To test this hypothesis, mice were fed ethanol with a liquid diet protocol and infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). It was found that consumption of alcohol alone did not result in pancreatitis as determined by serum levels of amylase or histologic changes in the pancreas. Two strains of CVB3 that are tropic for the pancreas were used; a virulent and an avirulent strain. Infection of alcohol-fed animals with the virulent CVB3 strain 28 resulted in a more severe pancreatitis than the pancreatitis noted in control animals. Alcohol-fed mice infected with the avirulent strain (GA) showed severe pancreatitis, whereas the infection of control mice did not result in obvious pathologic effects in the pancreas. This model allows mechanistic studies to define the role of viral infection as a cofactor for alcoholic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Animal model of alcoholic pancreatitis: role of viral infections. 1457 91

The present study reports the clinical, virological and pathological findings observed in a natural outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in farmed commercial ducks. The ducks developed clinical signs, including mild respiratory distress, depression, mild diarrhoea, loss of appetite and increasing mortality (up to 12%). At necropsy, multifocal mottled necrosis was commonly found in the pancreas with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and swollen kidneys. Microscopically, there was necrotized pancreatitis and hepatitis, and lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Influenza viral antigen was demonstrated in areas closely associated with histopathological lesion. Avian influenza virus was isolated from the caecal tonsil, faeces, and kidney of the domestic ducks. The isolated virus was identified as a highly pathogenic H5N1, with a haemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site deduced amino acid sequence of ... QREKRKKR/GLFGAIAG ... In order to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate, eight 6-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated intravenously with the virus, and all birds died within 24 h after inoculation. This is the first report of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza with clinical signs in commercial domestic ducks in South Korea.
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PMID:Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in the commercial domestic ducks of South Korea. 1614 75

Use of parenteral pentavalent antimonials to treat leishmaniasis is associated with a range of cardiological, biochemical and haematological adverse effects. The most serious of these is the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with prolongation of the electrocardiographic rate-corrected QT interval (QTc). Whereas some studies have reported that serious cardiological and biochemical adverse effects are common and often require treatment interruption or discontinuation, others have reported the drugs to be well tolerated. We conducted a detailed retrospective analysis of adverse events among British returned travellers (n=65) with New World cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis who received i.v. sodium stibogluconate (SbV) for >or=21 days. The mean+/-SEM QTc progressively increased from 389+/-3.1 msec to 404+/-2.9 msec during 3 weeks of treatment and the QTc reached the threshold for potential cardiac toxicity among 6 (10%) patients during the third week of treatment. Marked QTc prolongation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in one elderly patient with hypokalaemia and pre-existing cardiovascular morbidity. Although increased serum concentrations of amylase and hepatic transaminases were observed among 67% and 85% of patients respectively, none developed clinical pancreatitis or hepatitis and treatment modification was not required. SbV can be used safely in this population with adequate monitoring and the need for treatment interruption is uncommon. Identification of factors before and during treatment that may increase the risk of QTc prolongation and arrhythmias is important.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic and biochemical adverse effects of sodium stibogluconate during treatment of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis among returned travellers. 1628 67

Saw palmetto is a frequently used botanical agent in benign prostatic enlargement (BPH). Although it has been reported to cause cholestatic hepatitis and many medical conditions, Saw palmetto has not been implicated in acute pancreatitis. We report a case of a probable Saw palmetto induced acute hepatitis and pancreatitis. A 55-year-old reformed alcoholic, sober for greater than 15 years, presented with severe non-radiating epigastric pain associated with nausea and vomiting. His only significant comorbidity is BPH for which he intermittently took Saw palmetto for about four years. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs, tender epigastrium without guarding or rebound tenderness. Cullen and Gray Turner signs were negative. Complete blood count and basic metabolic profile were normal. Additional laboratory values include a serum amylase: 2,152 mmol/L, lipase: 39,346 mmol/L, serum triglyceride: 38 mmol/L, AST: 1265, ALT: 1232 and alkaline phosphatase was 185. Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiography revealed sludge without stones. A hepatic indole diacetic acid scan was negative. Patient responded clinically and biochemically to withdrawal of Saw palmetto. Two similar episodes of improvements followed by recurrence were noted with discontinuations and reinstitution of Saw Palmetto. Simultaneous and sustained response of hepatitis and pancreatitis to Saw palmetto abstinence with reoccurrence on reinstitution strongly favors drug effect. "Natural" medicinal preparations are therefore not necessarily safe and the importance of detailed medication history (including "supplements") cannot be over emphasized.
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PMID:Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. 1680 Apr 17

Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) has been known as a first-choice drug for ulcerative colitis. However, hypersensitivity reactions, including pancreatitis, hepatitis, and skin rash, have been reported with 5-ASA. Topical formulations of 5-ASA like suppositories have been rarely reported to induce adverse reactions because of their limited absorption rate. We recently experienced a case of acute pancreatitis caused by 5-ASA suppositories in a patient with ulcerative colitis. A 26-year-old male was admitted with abdominal pain and diagnosed as ulcerative colitis. Acute pancreatitis occurred soon after 24 hours of treatment with oral mesalazine. Drug-induced pancreatitis was suspected and administration of mesalazine was discontinued. Then 5-ASA suppositories were started instead of oral mesalazine. Twenty-four hours after taking 5-ASA suppositories, he experienced severe abdominal pain, fever, and elevation of amylase levels. The suppositories were immediately stopped and symptoms resolved over next 48 hours. Herein, we suggest that, in patients treated with 5-ASA suppositories who complain of severe abdominal pain, drug-induced pancreatitis should be suspected.
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PMID:[A case of acute pancreatitis caused by 5-aminosalicylic acid suppositories in a patient with ulcerative colitis]. 1815 75

Although a wide variety of infectious agents have been implicated in the aetiology of acute pancreatitis, their true incidence is unknown because they coexist quite often with other noninfectious causes. Acute herpes simplex viral pancreatitis is a rarely encountered entity in the literature. We report a patient who developed acute pancreatitis and hepatitis in association with herpes simplex virus infection as well as cholestatic syndrome because of compression of the intrapancreatic part of the common bile duct by the oedematous pancreatic head. Herpes simplex virus infection, although a rare entity, should be included in the conditions causing acute pancreatitis, when common noninfectious factors have been excluded and hepatic inflammation coexists. Diagnostically, a combination of serum amylase or lipase elevation, more than three times over the upper normal limits, as well as serologic evidence of the infectious agent should exist. Dilatation of the biliary tree is not invariably compatible with a biliary cause of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis associated with herpes simplex virus infection: report of a case and review of the literature. 1901 79

From January 2009 to June 2010, many broiler chicks suddenly died without clinical signs. The mortality rates were from 1.2% to 17.0% in affected flocks. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was detected in 13 prefectures (northern, eastern, western, and southern areas) in Japan. The livers were enlarged and pale. The bursa of Fabricius and thymus had not atrophied. Multifocal necroses of hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the liver. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes were rare. Focal necrosis of acinar cells with basophilic intranuclear inclusions was found in the pancreas. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in intact surface epithelial cells of gizzard and epithelial cells of the small intestine. The intranuclear inclusions of liver, pancreas, gizzard, and small intestine were stained positively for immunohistochemistry of fowl adenovirus (FAV) antigen. Ultrastructurally, basophilic intranuclear inclusions consisted of viral particles approximately 70 nm in diameter and arranged in a crystalline array. FAV was isolated from the liver of chickens affected with IBH. The serotype of most isolates was 2. This study suggests that IBH produced by FAV is epidemic in broiler chicks in Japan and that the present cases occurred as the primary disease without the association of infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anemia virus.
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PMID:Inclusion body hepatitis caused by fowl adenovirus in broiler chickens in Japan, 2009-2010. 2231

A 70-year-old man with prostatic adenocarcinoma received cyproterone acetate 200 mg per day. Three months later, mild fatigue and anorexia with elevation of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level to 1311 U/L, total bilirubin level to 14 mg/dL and prothrombin time of 15/11.9 seconds developed. At that time the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was only 82 U/L. Viral hepatitis and autoimmune markers were all negative. This hepatitis resolved quickly after cyproterone therapy was discontinued. One and a half years later, the patient was prescribed cyproterone 100 mg daily at another hospital where staff were unaware of his previous history. General malaise, upper abdominal pain and jaundice developed two months later. Laboratory studies at emergency room revealed an AST of 245 U/L, ALT of 255 U/L, total bilirubin of 8.2 mg/dL, amylase of 6055 U/L, prothrombin time of 15.2/11.1 seconds and platelet count of 68000 cells/mL. Although cyproterone was discontinued, the patient died of multiple organ failure 20 days after admission. This case report presents a rare situation with marked elevation of the ALT level without AST level elevation. This finding suggests that cyproterone may induce specific damage to the plasma membrane, and the mitochondria are not involved in the initial stage.
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PMID:Unusually high alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio in a patient with cyproterone-induced icteric hepatitis. 2249 Apr 56

Acute pancreatitis complicating fulminant viral hepatitis has been well recognized; however, acute pancreatitis occurring in nonfulminant hepatitis is very rare. The case presented describes moderate pancreatitis in a young male, manifesting during the course of nonfulminant acute hepatitis E infection. The diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis E was confirmed by serology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to demonstrate Hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA in both stool and serum. Patients with acute viral hepatitis presenting with severe abdominal pain should have a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis suspected and appropriate investigations including serum amylase, lipase, biliary ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen should be undertaken. The identification of this unusual complication of Hepatitis E is important; however, the prognosis for patients with Acute Pancreatitis Complicating Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection is good, and uncomplicated recovery with conservative treatment is expected.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis complicating acute hepatitis e virus infection: a case report and review. 2537 21


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