Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood and hepatic tissue T- and B-lymphocyte distributions, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, and hepatic AFP were studied in 46 patients undergoing diagnostic percutaneous liver biopsy. The patients included 26 with alcoholic liver disease, 13 with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, and 7 with either normal histology or minor nonspecific changes. Serum AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and hepatic tissue AFP by indirect immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were identified by the sheep red-cell rosette technique; and B lymphocytes by fluoresceinated anti-immunoglobulin antisera and IgG aggregates. Tissue identification of T lymphocytes was accomplished using an extensively absorbed rabbit antihuman thymocyte antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence; tissue B lymphocytes were identified using pepsin F (ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG antibodies to human immunoglobulins. T lymphocytes predominanted in hepatic lymphoid infiltrates from patients with alcoholic liver disease (91+/-4%), whereas in patients with chronic active or chronic persistant hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or cryoptogenic cirrhosis proportions of T and B lymphocytic infiltrates were similar (50+/-15%). Hepatic tissue AFP was detected in 9 of 18 patients with alcoholic hepatitis; serum AFP concentration was increased in only 1 of these 9 patients. Tissue AFP was not observed in the remaining biopsy material nor were serum AFP concentrations increased. Peripheral blood T-cell numbers were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.01) and in nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.025). A close relationship between peripheral blood T-lymphocytopenia and hepatic T-cell infiltrates was observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease; this relationship was less apparent in patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
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PMID:Localization of T and B cells and alpha fetoprotein in hepatic biopsies from patients with liver disease. 5 55

The frequency distribution of HBs Ag in different parts of the world reveals a relatively high frequency among healthy members of population groups inhabiting areas of high incidence of liver cell carcinoma. Similar high frequencies of HBs Ag are also found in those areas where macronodular cirrhosis is relatively common and is usually complicated by liver cell carcinoma. In geographic areas with low incidence of liver cell carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis, a relatively low frequency of HBs Ag is usually encountered in the population. The frequency of HBs Ag is relatively higher in patients with liver cell carcinoma with or without cirrhosis than in comparable controls. The subtypes of the antigen do not correlate with the incidence of liver cell carcinoma and there is also no correlation between alpha fetoprotein and HBs Ag in the presence of liver cell carcinoma. HBs Ag is very rarely detected in patients with micronodular cirrhosis or in liver cell carcinoma which may be its complication. It would appear that HBs Ag is necrogenic in the liver and is capable of producing hepatic necroses or hepatitis which may progress to macronodular cirrhosis. The areas of hepatic necroses may either progress to liver cell carcinoma or the resultant macronodular cirrhosis may be complicated by carcinoma. The oncogenic potential of HBs Ag requires further studies.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cell carcinoma. 5 11

A total of 306 individuals from South Vietnam were studied: 61 had a diagnosis of primary liver cancer (38 had a tissue diagnosis, and 23 had a clinical diagnosis and a positive alpha-fetoprotein); 9 had viral hepatitis; 101 were hospitalized patients (60 with various other forms of liver disease and 41 without liver disease); 94 were blood donors; 29 were drug users, and 12 were medical students. Alpha-fetoprotein was present in 45 of 61 (74%) of those with a diagnois of primary liver cancer (PLC) and in none of the other patients. Using immunoelectroosmophoresis, hepatitis BS antigen (HBSAg) was found no more frequently in those with PLC than in the other groups studied. In contrast, using a radioimmunoassay technique HBSAg was present 3 to 8 times as frequently in the PLC patients as in other subjects without viral hepatitis. There was a close relationship between the presence of alpha-fetoprotein and HBSAg in the patients with PLC. Malaria seropositivity rates were no different in the PLC groups than the other groups. It appears that in South Vietnam PLC is associated with an increased frequency of HBSAg.
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PMID:Hepatitis BS antigen, malaria titers, and primary liver cancer in South Vietnam. 5 72

Alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 40 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 5 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, 15 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis and 5 cases of hepatic coma from fulminant viral hepatitis. Serum concentrations were increased in 55% of patients with acute viral hepatitis and in about 33% of patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis. Levels resulted markedly raised among the patients with coma from fulminant viral hepatitis who survived. The high aplha-fetoprotein values may reflect liver cell regeneration after necrosis of a critical mass of hepatic tissue.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein in viral hepatitis and its complications. 6 58

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1-glycoprotein (M.W. about 65000) appearing in the fetal serum of most mammals including man during the early stages of pregnancy; 4 weeks after birth it disappears altogether or exists at very low concentrations as in the normal adult. AFP is formed in the yolk sac, the fetal liver and the gastro-intestinal tract. One of its physiological functions in fetal life is supposed to be the protection of the fetus from maternal oestrogens (oestrophilic property). The clinical significance of AFP is based on the regular and increasing production in primary liver cell carcinoma, less frequently in teratogenetic tumors where it serves as a control of therapy and course of the disease. Less frequent, minor and temporary increases in the AFP serum level occur in several primary tumors with secondary liver involvement, and in inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases, e.g. of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis). AFP has an increasing importance in gynecology (gestational age, fetal distress syndrom, malformations, hydatidiform mole/chorion carcinoma). The physico-chemical properties of AFP are widely known. Both fetal and tumor AFP appear to be immunologically and biochemically identical, as are that of tissue and biological fluids. The differences observed (variants, microheterogeneity) depend mainly on the different content of sialic acid. An antigenetic relationship exists, between the AFP of most species. The immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) is the most frequently used but relatively insensitive test (1-5 mug/ml) in finding AFP, whereas the radioimmunoassay is the most sensitive one (up to 0,25 ng/ml) and permits the determination of normal serum levels in adults (below 20 ng/ml). The serum concentration in healthy pregnant women lies up to 500 ng/ml, in patients with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other liver diseases mostly under 3 mug/ml, whereas in those with primary liver cell carcinoma levels up to and above 600 mg-percent have been found.
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PMID:[Carcinofetal antigens. I. alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)]. 16 80

A clinical, biochemical, and pathological study was performed in 38 chronic HBsAg carriers. The study group is a part of 393 carriers found among 117 705 voluntary blood donors at the National Blood Bank, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile. None of the 38 carriers had a past history of illicit drug abuse, hepatitis, or work involving a high risk of hepatitis B virus infection. Ten individuals had a normal liver biopsy, 17 reactive non-specific hepatitis, one fatty changes, four chr onic persistent hepatitis, one aggressive hepatitis, two post-necrotic cirrhosis, and three alcoholic cirrhosis. There was not a close correlation between liver function test and liver histology. The most significant laboratory finding was the postivity of alpha fetoprotein in two cases. During the follow-up the two alpha fetoprotein patients presented a hepatocarcinoma 12 and 14 months after admission to the study.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological study of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers in Chile. 68 May 91

A case/control study has been carried out to determine by radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination techniques the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) and age/sex-matched hospital controls with cancers of other sites (OCC) and similarly matched controls without cancer (NCC). HBsAg was found in 61.2% of 165 cases of PLC as compared to 11.7% of 328 NCC. The frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients was significantly higher (72.2%) in those with detectable alpha fetoprotein as compared to those without (40.3%). There was no difference in the frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients with and without accompanying cirrhosis. No significant difference in potential hepatitis exposure history was found in the three study groups.
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PMID:A case/control study of the association between primary liver cancer and hepatitis B infection in Senegal. 117 99

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a specific glycoprotein which is synthesised in the fetal liver and released into the blood stream together with the closely related protein, albumin. It has been proposed that AFP functions as a carrier of essential fatty acids to certain developing cells and as a possible immunosuppressor. In man its synthesis is under the strict and complicated control of transcription of a single gene on chromosome 4. The concentration of AFP in fetal serum is greatest at about 13 weeks gestation and then decreases up to birth. During pregnancy AFP passes into the amniotic fluid and also across the placenta, so that the concentration of AFP in maternal serum increases during pregnancy in a characteristic way. Greater than normal increases may indicate certain pathological states in the fetus. Serum concentrations of AFP in the newborn infant decrease rapidly to reach levels typical for adults (< 10 micrograms/L) usually by the end of the first year. Raised concentrations of serum AFP appear in a large proportion of patients with primary hepatoma and in a smaller percentage of patients with other malignant diseases (tumours of the testis, ovary, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract). In addition, increases in serum AFP are found in other illnesses accompanied by damage to hepatocytes in the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis etc.). Certain differences in the structure of the oligosaccharide portion of the molecule have been shown between AFP synthesized by benign or by malignant cells and between AFP synthesised by hepatocytes or by cells of endodermal origin. These differences have been used as an aid in the diagnosis of liver diseases where serum AFP is elevated. Since AFP is not strictly specific for a certain type of carcinoma, its determination is primarily used in medicine for monitoring the effects of therapy and surgery on the course of malignant conditions which initially showed increased levels of serum AFP.
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PMID:[Synthesis, structure and function of alpha-fetoproteins and their importance in medicine]. 128 28

To evaluate the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) were detected by enzyme immunoassay in 41 (12.6%) of the 326 patients with HCC. However, none of 35 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the liver had detectable anti-HCV. The prevalence of anti-HCV was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative HCC than those with HBsAg-positive HCC (37.3% versus 4.1%, P less than 0.0001). However, the prevalence of anti-HCV was much higher in patients with HCC with negative results for HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (54.5%). The mean age of patients with HCC with positive results for anti-HCV was significantly greater than that of patients with HBsAg-positive HCC (65.1 versus 55.5 years, P less than 0.0001). Alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 20 ng/ml were found in 70.7% of patients with HCC with positive results for anti-HCV and in 73.3% of patients with HBsAg-positive HCC. Of the Chinese patients with HCC, 74.5% had HBsAg-positive results and 96.6% had positive results for antibody to hepatitis core antigen. These data indicate that, although HCV may play an etiologic role in HCC, hepatitis B virus is still the most important causal agent among most Chinese patients with HCC.
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PMID:The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus among Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 130 28

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were studied in 51 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma that presented to the Surgical Hepatobiliary Unit at Westmead Hospital over 12 years. Twenty-three were hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 13 of those patients were Asian. Thirteen patients drank more than 60 g of alcohol each day. A significantly raised level of AFP was defined as more than 20 ng/mL, and 31 of the 51 patients had AFP levels exceeding this at some stage during surveillance. Twenty-five demonstrated levels above 200 ng/mL. Univariate statistical methods suggested that men were more likely to express raised AFP than women, Asians more likely than other races, patients with chronic active hepatitis more likely than those without and those with chronic hepatitis B infection more likely than those who were HBsAg negative. Those who drank more than 60 g alcohol each day were less likely to demonstrate a raised serum AFP than those who drank less. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that HBsAg carriage was the only statistically significant independent determinant of a raised AFP. Age 65 years or more was associated with a chance of a raised AFP.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study. 138 Dec 28


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