Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of patients with clinically diagnosed drug hypersensitivity the in vitro lymphocyte response to the suspected drug was assessed by the lymphocyte transformation test. The test gave positive results in all 15 patients with penicillin-induced immediate or accelerated allergic reactions and positive immediate skin-test reactivity to the major or the minor antigenic determinant of penicillin, or both, but in only 3 of the 12 patients with delayed-onset maculopapular rashes induced by penicillin, despite positive immediate reactivity to the skin-test reagents.Lymphocyte stimulation greater than five times the control level was demonstrated for five patients with penicillin-induced erythroderma, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or a serum-sickness-like illness, or with methicillin-induced interstitial nephritis, all of whom had negative reactions to the appropriate skin-test reagents. A low level of stimulation was seen in eight other skin-test-negative patients with possible allergic reactions induced by penicillins. However, in all subjects tested the stimulation was significantly greater than the mean for control subjects.For 9 of 11 patients with isoniazid-induced hepatitis or maculopapular rashes, but for only 8 of 31 patients with eruptions induced by a variety of drugs other than penicillins and isoniazid, significant stimulation occurred in the lymphocyte transformation test.It is concluded that the lymphocyte transformation test is useful in the detection of hypersensitivity to the penicillins (although in IgE-mediated reactions skin testing is clearly preferable) and isoniazid but is of limited value in the demonstration of hypersensitivity to other drugs.
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PMID:Lymphocyte transformation studies in drug hypersensitivity. 44 3

PRIST was used to examine the time course of changes in the content of total blood IgE in 128 children aged 3 to 15 years suffering from chronic virus hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. A well-defined relationship was discovered between the above parameter and allergic background as well as the process activity in the liver, pointing to the capacity of that class immunoglobulins to reflect the intensity of not only allergic reactions but also of immunopathological processes lying at the basis of chronic active hepatic diseases.
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PMID:[Blood IgE level in children with chronic viral diseases of the liver]. 204 87

Each immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass has unique physicochemical properties and, probably, unique functions. Each heavy chain is coded by a separate gene on chromosome 14. Deficient synthesis of a subclass may be associated with recurrent or chronic infections, the deficiency not being detected by measurements of levels of total serum IgG. Measurement of levels of IgG subclasses should be part of the work-up of patients who have frequent infections but have normal levels of major immunoglobulin classes. Deficiencies of IgA or IgE frequently coexist with deficiencies of IgG2 or IgG4. Patients with a subclass deficiency often benefit from replacement therapy with intramuscular or intravenous IgG or plasma from a donor free of hepatitis and HTLV-III viruses. It may be critical to provide IgG or plasma that is a good source of the missing immunoglobulin class or subclass. Sometimes it is necessary to administer a product with antibodies to the virus or bacteria responsible for a particular infection.
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PMID:IgG subclass composition of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: clinical relevance. 309 5

We studied the responses to antigen in animals selected from a colony of inbred dogs sensitized to specific allergens to determine if they had characteristics similar to those of human asthmatics. They were immunized with ragweed and grass pollen extracts (10 micrograms in alum) immediately after routine vaccination with attenuated live virus (distemper and hepatitis) and killed bacteria (Leptospira) at 4, 8, and 12 wk of age. Subsequently, ragweed and grass injections were repeated every 2 months. Immunized dogs made specific IgE-antibodies in serum averaging 3 to 4 times that of control animals (no immunization with pollen or vaccine). They showed positive skin responses to the injection of ragweed pollen extract, whereas control dogs did not respond to ragweed pollen by quantitative skin test or inhalation challenge. In immunized dogs under barbiturate anesthesia, air-flow resistance of the total respiratory system increased from 0.60 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SEM) before to 12.6 +/- 3.4 cm H2O/lps 5 min after the start of antigen aerosol; respiratory resistance remained increased for 20 min and was associated with 0 hypoxemia and increased arterial plasma histamine. In addition, airway responsiveness to both inhaled histamine and methacholine was greater in immunized dogs than in nonimmunized dogs of comparable age. Airway responses to each agonist were highly reproducible on repeated testing. These results indicate that physiologic responses to antigen by inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs resemble human asthma closely and that these dogs appear suitable for a variety of experimental studies of asthma with respect to pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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PMID:Airway responsiveness to inhaled antigen, histamine, and methacholine in inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs. 389 78

Liver function tests and immunoglobulin features of apparently 'healthy' blood donors were studied. Twenty-one (9.5%) subjects with HBsAg were observed. These subjects were found to have significantly higher mean and standard deviation of total serum bilirubin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels than those of a randomly selected HBsAg-negative group. Serum urea was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the HBsAg-positive cases. Total serum IgE (IU/ml) was significantly higher in the HBsAg-positive cases (p less than 0.01). Comparison of laboratory findings of these cases and active hepatitis HBsAg-positive subjects showed that there were more elevated abnormalities in the latter.
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PMID:Biochemical studies of apparently 'healthy' blood donors with reference to liver function tests and immunoglobulins. 408 21

A 38 years old male homosexual with active secondary syphilis presented with pure nephrotic syndrome while HBs and HBe tests were positive without clinical hepatitis. He had circulating immune complexes, IgG--IgM cryoglobulinemia and high IgA, IgM and IgE levels; the C3 and C4 complement constituents were normal. Examination of renal biopsy sections under light, fluorescent and electronic microscopy showed stage I membranous glomerulonephritis the syphilitic origin of which was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and by rapid cure under penicillin treatment. This case calls for the following comments: (1) glomerular deposits are extramembranous rather than subendothelial in syphilitic nephrosis, a disease now classified among circulating immune complexes diseases; (2) in the kidney, the treponema antigen can be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and the anti-treponema antibody, by elution; (3) the outcome of the nephrotic syndrome is always favourable, either spontaneously or after penicillin treatment; (4) syphilis and HBs antigens are frequently associated, particularly in homosexual patients; one should be looked for when the other is discovered.
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PMID:[Extramembranous glomerulonephritis of acquired syphilis in a patient recently infected by the hepatitis B virus. Demonstration of the treponemal antigen in the kidney by indirect immunofluorescence]. 622 Mar 54

An inbred "atopic dog colony" was established to study the effect of viruses on immunoregulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies. Dogs were selected for high skin reactivity to grass and weed pollens. Their offspring were inoculated with pollen extracts in alum immediately after routine vaccinations (attenuated live-virus vaccines for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis, and a killed bacterin for Leptospira). Heat labile antipollen IgE antibodies were measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Pups vaccinated for canine distemper before being given pollen extracts had many more IgE antibodies than did their control littermates who were not vaccinated until after the last pollen extract injection. This may be a natural example of the "allergic break-through phenomenon."
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PMID:Immunoglobulin E antibodies to pollens augmented in dogs by virus vaccines. 630 17

As virus-associated autoimmune hepatitis a frequently chronic HBsAg-seronegative hepatitis was defined, in which in the liver tissue virus-markers and in the serum high titre (titre more than 1:320) autoantibodies are to be proved. The immunohistological findings of the liver of 11 patients with such a disease suggest a hepatitis B-virus, a hepatitis non-A/non-B-virus and combination forms. The solitary occurrence of virus-markers seems to be typical. In the hepatitis B-associated form furthermore a diffuse IgG-deposition at the liver cell membrane was characteristic as well as focal cytoplasmatic deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM and of C 3. In the hepatitis non-A/non-B-associated form solitarily above all nuclearly a non-A/non-B-associated-antigen, focally nuclearly a non-A/non-B-associated-antigen, focally nuclearly and cytoplasmatically IgE and diffusely cytoplasmatically IgG (with lobule-central accent) was found. The immunohistological findings, particularly the solitary occurrence of virus-markers, might be an expression of a genetically determined, no doubt, increased but incomplete immune attack of the host to the virus-infected liver cells.
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PMID:[Immuno-histological findings of the liver in virus-related autoimmune hepatitis--preliminary findings]. 641 May 99

Carbamazepine is one of the drugs most widely prescribed for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and psychomotor seizures. Coincidentally with its use, hypersensitivity reactions to this agent have ben reported with increasing frequency. This report documents our recent encounter with 2 patients who developed hepatitis within one month of beginning carbamazepine therapy for temporal-lobe epilepsy. The occurrence of fever, skin rash and arthralgias suggest immunologic hypersensitivity as does eosinophilia and raised level of IgE, as seen in our patients. After withdrawal of the drug, symptoms and signs disappeared rapidly. We also describe a patient with psychomotor seizures who had ingested carbamazepine for less than 2 months before presenting with a febrile illness characterized by rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, epatosplenomegaly and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. The reaction cleared on cessation of the drug. Besides showing antinuclear antibody without DNA-precipitating antibody, this patient had an increased helper-T-cell count as well as a decreased number of T lymphocytes with suppressor activity. Taken together, these observations make it reasonable to speculate that carbamazepine may have interfered with lymphocyte triggering, thereby favouring the emergence of B cells with autoimmune propensities.
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PMID:[Immuno-allergic side effects induced by the administration of carbamazepine. Case contribution]. 646 8

The serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE and of the third complement component (C 3) were determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method in 69 serum samples of 34 female patients during (2nd and 4th week) acute non-A/non-B hepatitis and 2 years after infection. The levels were compared with those of circulating immune complexes measured by polyethylene glycol precipitation method. The levels of immunoglobulins and C 3 were similar to those of healthy persons. During the course of disease there were no significant relations with exception of an increase of IgD levels in patients with chronic course. The positive correlation of the levels of IgM and immune complexes at the first and second serum sample (r = 0,5914, r = 0,6366 respectively, p less than 0,001) could not be verified in patients with noncomplicated course (r = 0,203 8, n. s.) but it was highly significant in patients with chronic course (r = 0,9429, p less than 0,001). Determinations of immunoglobulins and immune complexes may therefore be prognostically helpful in patients with non-A/non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:[Serum immunoglobulins and third complement component in and after acute non-A/non-B hepatitis (author's transl)]. 680 3


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