Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists metiamide and cimetidine were used in the treatment of severe peptic ulceration in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The ulcerations were completely healed in all four patients after treatment lasting from six weeks to four-and-a-half-months. Two patients developed recurrent ulcer after the treatment had stopped, but responded to a second course. One patient developed hepatitis B during cimetidine treatment and it is possible that the course of the hepatitis was unfavourable affected by cimetidine. But no other side effects were noted nor was there a significant change in basal serum-gastrin concentration or an increase in H+ secretion. Total gastrectomy remains the treatment of choice in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, but cimetidine should be considered if the patient refuses operation or operation is not feasible because of a poor general state.
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PMID:[Treatment of peptic ulcer in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with histamine H2-receptor antagonists (author's transl)]. 2 85

The adaptive response of the gastrointestinal tract to gastric stapling was studied in a Zucker (fafa) genetically obese rat model. The effects of gastric stapling in rats with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy were compared to Roux-en-Y and intact controls. Rats (225 to 275 g) were divided into three groups: group I (GI), Roux-en-Y, stapled, ad libitum fed; group II, Roux-en-Y, unstapled; and group III, intact (laparotomy only). Groups II and III were further subdivided into group IIA (GIIA) and group IIIA (GIIIA), pair-fed to GI; and group IIB (GIIB) and Group IIIB (GIIIB), fed ad libitum. All rats were fed a diet of liquid rat formula and rat food (50:50 cal ratio). After 2 wk rats were killed and the liver, pancreas, and stomach removed, weighed, and tissue taken for histology. The intestine was divided into three segments corresponding to the excluded segment (1, duodenum), transposed segment (2, jejunum), and ileal segment (3), with tissue taken for histology. Liver lipid, pancreatic amylase, serum amylase and gastrin, and intestinal mucosal protein and DNA were measured. Weight gain, g/14 days, was: GI, 24.1 +/- 7.8; GIIA, 17.0 +/- 2.0; GIIB, 42.6 +/- 4.8; GIIIA, 17.6 +/- 4.7; GIIIB, 54.6 +/- 8.9. All rats were in positive N balance. Liver weight and lipid were similar in all groups. Pancreatic mass was significantly increased in all Roux-en-Y animals, while amylase activity per g tissue was significantly less than in intact animals. Stapled rats had atrophy of the glandular portion of the stomach, decreased stomach mucosal weight, and lower serum gastrin concentration compared with all other rats (p less than 0.01). In stapled rats, segment weight and mucosal weight were lower in the excluded segment, and higher in the transposed segment, compared to all other rats. Tissue pathology was found only in stapled rats: gastric atrophy, focal fibrosis of gastric wall, peritonitis, minimal to mild multifocal hepatitis, and mild periductal fibrosis of the pancreas. There are significant early adaptive and pathological changes after gastric stapling in the rat.
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PMID:Gastric stapling for morbid obesity: gastrointestinal response in a rat model. 620 81

Between 1987 and 1991, 16 patients (13 females, three males; mean age 52.4 [33-73] years) with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) were treated according to a standardized surgical concept. The diagnostic work-up consisted of measuring serum gastrin levels, pre-operative localization by ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography, as well as extensive staging by laparotomy. As complete a tumour resection as possible was the aim of treatment in 15 patients, while in one patient it was to reduce the tumour mass. In six patients who had resection of a solitary tumour there was no evidence of recurrence after 6-42 months of follow-up. Exploration of the duodenum made it possible to identify and then remove a small gastrinoma of the duodenal wall in three patients. No gastrinoma was found in one patient despite extensive exploration. In a further four patients the laparotomy was purely exploratory, because diffuse metastasization was found. In four patients the primary tumour and, where present, the regional lymph nodes were removed, but the signs of ZES persisted, i.e. the intervention was merely palliative. In one female patient, reduction of tumour mass was necessary because the symptoms could not be controlled by conservative measures: she died postoperatively from toxic hepatitis. This experience indicates that standardized surgical intervention achieves potentially curative results in nearly 40% of patients. Including the duodenum in the surgical exploration allows the identification of even small gastrinomas of the duodenal wall. It is concluded that all patients with ZES but no evidence of diffuse metastases should undergo surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Standardized surgical concept for the diagnosis and therapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. 768 72

A 48-year-old woman with type II diabetes developed fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia. A few weeks later she was found to have hepatomegaly. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was raised (53/93 mm), as were liver enzyme activities (GOT 186 U/l; GPT 240 U/l; gamma-GT 199 U/l), the gamma-globulin levels (40.7%;IgG 4470 mg/dl, IgA 698 mg/dl, IgM 245 mg/dl), antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against double-strand DNA, smooth muscles and actin. Laparoscopy revealed small-nodular liver cirrhosis. The autoimmune hepatitis was treated with prednisolone (initially 60 mg daily, then reduced to 10 mg daily) and azathioprine (initially 100 mg daily, reduced to 50 mg daily). The symptoms markedly improved. But one year later, during follow-up examination, gastric polyps were found, excised and histologically found to be carcinoid. The gastrin level was raised to 765 pg/ml. Another year later the liver cirrhosis had advanced further and the type A gastritis was still present, but there was no sign of carcinoid recurrence.
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PMID:[Autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune gastritis, hypergastrinemia and stomach carcinoid]. 788 17

Liver affects the release and clearance of many hormones, but the interactions between gastrointestinal peptides and liver function are obscure. Aim of this study was to evaluate plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal peptides during acute hepatic cytonecrosis and during liver regeneration in man. The study was performed in ten patients with viral hepatitis (8 virus A, 2 virus B) in the acute phase (alanine transaminase = 3073 +/- 739 U/L; mean +/- SEM), and at days 7, 45 and 52 after the initial evaluation, during clinical and biochemical recovery (52nd day, alanine transaminase = 77 +/- 26). Plasma concentrations of the following hormones were evaluated by radioimmunoassay: glucagon, insulin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, secretin and motilin. Only serum bombesin and cholecystokinin were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the acute phase of hepatitis (bombesin: 138 +/- 21 pg/ml; cholecystokinin: 57 +/- 7 pg/ml); they returned to normal values during convalescence (bombesin: 60 +/- 8; cholecystokinin: 31 +/- 4). During hepatocellular necrosis, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and bombesin, which are both cellular growth factors and regulatory signals of food introduction and satiety state, were increased by 83% and 130%, respectively. Increase of these hormones may cause the dyspepsia and lack of appetite that characterizes the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal peptide hormones in acute viral hepatitis. 878

The incidence of various forms of stomach ulcer, their combination with liver diseases and pathogenetic relationships of these two pathological types have been studied on the material of 6456 autopsy cases for 1983-1992. High incidence of nonspecific reactive hepatitis in both gastric and duodenal ulcer and that of liver cirrhosis and cirrhosis-carcinoma in the pyloro-duodenal ulcer is established. A role of gastrin as a promoter in the development of liver cirrhosis and carcinoma in pyloroduodenal ulcer is suggested. The role of nonspecific reactive hepatitis in chronization of the hepatic pathological process is not excluded.
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PMID:[Peptic ulcer and liver pathology (an analysis of 6456 autopsy observations during 1983-1992)]. 913 91

The mild form of hepatitis A and B with children is attended by a functional activity of pancreatic gland (tripsin), mucous coats of stomach and duodenum (gastrin) which permits to consider them as a factor of the risk of digestive organs combined pathology starting with the disease acuity. Differences in gastrin levels with children depending on hepatitis etiology were specified. Highest levels of gastrin were observed with persons suffering from hepatitis B.
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PMID:[Serological tests of functional activity of the digestive system (gastrin, pepsinogen-I, trypsin), general IgE and serum cortisol levels in children with hepatitis A and B]. 2477 60

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis in patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods A total of 33 patients with NASH and 143 patients with chronic liver disease (66, 24, 22, 10, 1, and 21 patients with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, autoimmune hepatitis/primary biliary cholangitis, non-B/non-C hepatitis, fatty liver, and alcoholic disease, respectively) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between January 2013 and August 2016 were retrospectively assessed to determine the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis. The clinical characteristics of these patients with NASH and autoimmune gastritis were examined, and the clinical characteristic and biomarkers were compared between patients with NASH with and without autoimmune gastritis. Results Six of the 33 patients with NASH (19.4%) were diagnosed with autoimmune gastritis. The prevalence of autoimmune gastritis was higher in patients with NASH than in those with other chronic liver diseases [4/143 (2.8%), p=0.002]. All six patients with NASH and autoimmune gastritis exhibited high serum gastrin levels; five of the patients were positive for anti-parietal cell antibodies, and one was negative for anti-parietal cell antibodies but positive for intrinsic factor antibody. Furthermore, 1 patient presented with iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dL), but none developed pernicious anemia. Endocrine cell micronests were found in four patients. Patients with NASH and autoimmune gastritis tended to be older with lower ferritin levels than the other patients. Conclusion The prevalence of NASH with concomitant autoimmune gastritis was high, highlighting the need for upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis and gastric malignancies.
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PMID:High Prevalence of Autoimmune Gastritis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. 3129 80