Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In November 1989, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centres started screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for the C100-3 viral peptide as the first such nationwide programme in the world. Thereafter post-transfusion non-A non-B hepatitis (PTNANBH) was reduced by 61-80%, but this was not as complete a success as our programme to prevent post-transfusion hepatitis B by screening for high titer hepatitis B core antibody, which we began in the same period. In order to acquire more effective control of PTNANBH, the HCV core-related antigen (GOR, N14) and second-generation Elisa (Ortho2, Abbott2) and second-generation antigen agglutination (PA, PHA) tests have been employed. Among 16,500 donors in 11 blood centers, 365 were serologically positive by at least one of these tests. Among these, HCV RNA was detected in 138 units and the remaining 227 were HCV RNA negatives. The effectiveness of these serological tests to detect HCV RNA-positive status were analyzed. Passive haemagglutination and particle agglutination (PHA and PA) tests were highly effective to predict HCV viraemia among blood donors. Also, these tests can easily determine antibody titre. By either PHA or PA, all units with > or = 2(12) agglutination titre (120 and 122 units) were HCV RNA positive and all agglutination-positive units with serum alanine aminotransferase level higher than 35 Karmen units were HCV RNA positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Predictive value of screening tests for persistent hepatitis C virus infection evidenced by viraemia. Japanese experience. 750 73

Fifty-five clones encoding epitopes of HCV were isolated from Japanese patients. Their amino acid homology (AAH) to the sequence of prototype (HCV-1) ranged from 47% to 94%. These sequences cover 60% of the HCV genome lacking M/E and NS2 regions suggesting a very low or lacking immunogenicity for these regions. Two test kits for detection of anti-HCV antibody were developed using a combination of a synthetic peptide (AR142) containing the epitope of N14 (QRKTKRSTNRR) having a homology to the core of HCV of 8/11AA and a non-fusion recombinant protein Y19 starting from amino acid number (AAN) 1380 to 1507 in the NS3 region showing a AAH to the HCV-1 of 90%, and a combination of a mixture of three synthetic peptides of S29 AAN of 1-30, 38-65 and 47-74 of the core and a non-fused recombinant protein S4 AAN of 1287-1506 having a 93% AAH of the NS3 region. They showed almost the same order of sensitivity and specificity of the second-generation kits when tested with serum from blood donors and patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. It should also be stressed that in all of the complete responders of a recombinant alpha-interferon therapy, the antibody levels against AR142 gradually decreased during and after the treatment. In 1992, studies performed for 125 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in our clinic shows that of these 16 patients might developed from either chronic non-B, non-C liver diseases or chronic liver diseases caused by mutant(s) of HCV as their serum were negative for HBsAg and second-generation of anti-HCV.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of HCV and clinical application. 752 19

An ELISA using N14E plus #19-#40, a synthetic peptide of the HCV core for the purpose of improving diagnosis of the HCV infection was studied to evaluate its usefulness in comparison with the tests of C100-3 antibody, N14 antibody and HCV EIA II. N14E plus #19-#40 is made up of 34 amino acids, containing the first two hydrophilic regions of HCV core forming epitopes. By using N14E plus #19-#40 antibody, HCV-antibody was detected in 94.4% of chronic hepatitis, 80.6% of liver cirrhosis and 87.5% of hepatocellular carcinoma of non-A non-B chronic liver diseases. This assay seems to be more sensitive than the assays of C100-3 antibody and N14 as far as tested for our patients in this district. In chronic liver diseases, 5.6% (5/90) of patients negative for HCV EIA II were positive to anti-N14E plus #19-#40; one of these 5 patients was HCV RNA positive. Anti-N14E plus #19-#40 was detected in 57.5% out of 40 paid blood donors with elevated ALT higher than 50IU and negative for HBsAg, C100-3 and N14, but positive for HCV RNA. The results suggest that anti-N14E plus #19-#40 as well as HCV EIA II seems to be useful for the detection of patients with the HCV infection and that an improvement for the diagnosis of type C hepatitis and a decrease in the incidence of type C post-transfusion hepatitis can be achieved by using anti-N14E plus #19-#40.
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PMID:[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against core protein of hepatitis C virus with a synthetic oligopeptide]. 768 27

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of anti-HCV antibody. We assayed for antibodies against either oligopeptide (S29-1) deduced from the nucleocapsid gene or the product of nonstructural region (NS3) synthesized in a recombinant Escherichia coli (S4). To reduce false-positive results induced by non-specific binding of antibodies with a carrier protein and to increase the sensitivity of an immunoassay, non-fused S4 peptide was prepared by the recombinant DNA technique and site-specific proteolysis (by factor Xa). In 71 non-A, non-B hepatitis patients with chronic liver disease, 70 (98.5%) were positive by S29-1/S4 ELISA as well as by a second-generation test (Abbott II). On the other hand, of 40 serum samples from blood donors, in which anti-N14 (core) and C100-3 antibodies were not detected but hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 24 (60%) were positive by S29-1/S4 ELISA, whereas only 18 (45%) were diagnosed by Abbott II. In addition, based on results in a small group of 92 blood donors, detection of anti-S29-1/S4 antibody correlated well with HCV viremia as confirmed by PCR. These results indicated that the preparation of nonfused protein (S4) by recombinant DNA technique and a combination of S29-1 and S4 as immobilized antigens in an ELISA provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis for HCV infection with good correlation with the presence of viral RNA as confirmed by PCR.
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PMID:A sensitive serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with two non-fused peptides: comparison of antibody responses detected with a newly developed assay and a commercial second-generation test. 768 47