Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 h in solution (pasteurization) was introduced into the manufacturing process of factor VIII concentrate (Haemate P) in order to considerably reduce the risk of transmission of human pathogenic viruses to haemophiliacs. The results of experimental and clinical studies with regard to hepatitis B, non-A, non-B hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and herpes virus infections are reviewed. From this data it is concluded that pasteurization of factor VIII results in a product which is safe with regard to these viral infections. Furthermore, it was shown that pasteurization does not form new antigenic determinants on the factor VIII molecule and compared with the native product does not alter the physiological properties of this protein in patients. In comparison to these advantageous properties of the pasteurized product a slight loss of coagulant activity seems to be acceptable. This loss of yield, however, does not influence the quality or the amount of factor VIII in the final container used for the therapy of haemophilia A patients.
 ...
PMID:Pasteurization as an efficient method to inactivate blood borne viruses in factor VIII concentrates. 301 13

Heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 h in solution (pasteurization) was introduced into the manufacturing process of antihemophilic cryoprecipitate (AHC) and factor VIII concentrates (F VIII) to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis to hemophiliacs. Since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may also be transmitted to hemophiliacs by antihemophilic plasma protein preparations, we have investigated inactivation of the AIDS virus HTLV III by pasteurization in AHC or F VIII and included in this study cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), poliovirus and vaccinia virus. Each of these viruses was efficiently inactivated by pasteurization although considerable differences were observed between the different viruses HTLV III was rapidly inactivated, becoming nondetectable within 30-60 min. Our findings indicate that pasteurized AHC or F VIII should have a high margin of safety regarding the transmission of AIDS or any other infectious disease caused by viruses such as those tested.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of the AIDS-causing retrovirus and other human viruses in antihemophilic plasma protein preparations by pasteurization. 301 43

Three patients who have been given intermediate purity NHS heat-treated factor VIII concentrate have been followed prospectively for 7-10 months. None had previously received more than six donor units of blood products containing factor VIII. There were no clinical side effects from concentrate administration, haemostasis was satisfactory and no patient developed clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatitis or HTLV III/LAV infection. Heat treatment resulted in the loss of slightly more than 20% of factor VIII activity but in vivo recovery of factor VIII and half disappearance times were within the expected range.
 ...
PMID:Heat-treated NHS factor VIII concentrate in the United Kingdom--a preliminary study. 301 81

Post-transfusion hepatitis is frequent among patients with hemophilia who are treated with concentrated factor VIII prepared from pooled plasma, especially if it is obtained from paid donors. In 26 patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrand's disease who had not been treated with blood or any blood product and hence were highly susceptible to the development of post-transfusion hepatitis, we infused 32 batches of a factor VIII concentrate that had been produced from large pools of human plasma (collected from paid plasmapheresis donors) and then heated in solution at 60 degrees C for 10 hours before final lyophilization. Patients were examined clinically and serologically over a period of 12 months after the first infusion of the pasteurized concentrate. Neither hepatitis nor serologic signs of other viral infections were observed. The hemostatic effectiveness of the concentrate appeared to be satisfactory relative to untreated concentrates.
 ...
PMID:Absence of hepatitis after treatment with a pasteurized factor VIII concentrate in patients with hemophilia and no previous transfusions. 310 63

19 (51%) of 37 hemophiliac children and adolescents regularly treated with factor VIII and IX concentrates were positive for HTLV III antibodies. The prevalence of HTLV III antibodies was higher in patients with severe hemophilia (64%) requiring frequent administration of concentrates than in patients with mild hemophilia (17%). No patient showed signs of AIDS or AIDS related complex. Immunologic alterations (inverse ratio of helper- and suppressor lymphocytes, elevated immunoglobulins, and elevated total serum proteins) were more often observed in patients requiring frequent administration of concentrates than in patients requiring relatively infrequent administration of concentrates. Since in patients frequently treated with concentrates the prevalence of HTLV III antibodies was also higher, it was not possible to draw any conclusions whether the observed immunologic alterations are due to the HTLV III infection alone or are also induced by the frequent administration of coagulation factor concentrates. No HTLV III positive person was detected in 45 relatives of 18 HTLV III positive hemophiliac children living together in 16 households and actively participating in the care of those children. In contrast, 6 (11%) of 55 relatives living in 21 households with 23 hepatitis-B-positive hemophiliac children were positive for hepatitis B. Our results support the general impression, that the risk to contract hepatitis B seems to be greater than to contract HTLV III from seropositive patients, and should help to facilitate the social integration of HTLV III positive hemophiliac children.
 ...
PMID:[HTLV-III antibodies and immunologic changes in hemophilic children. Prevalence of HTLV-III antibodies in hemophilic children and their relatives living in the same household]. 310 27

The risk of post-infusion non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) in patients receiving a first exposure to unheated or conventionally 'dry heated' factor VIII concentrates approaches 100%, implying invariable contamination of these products. Amongst 18 patients who received a first treatment with a 'wet heated' commercial concentrate, five (28%) developed asymptomatic NANBH, suggesting a more efficient inactivation of NANB agent(s) by this process. 2/9 (22%) of the batches of concentrate used in the study were implicated in NANBH transmission. One of those two batches, responsible for NANBH in four patients, had been prepared from a plasma pool containing an unusually large proportion of donations with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. A resulting high level of viral contamination in this batch may have been sufficient to override the effects of the sterilization process. All patients remained anti-HIV seronegative at 17-28 months of follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Reduced risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis after a first exposure to 'wet heated' factor VIII concentrate. 311 32

A factor VIII concentrate prepared from large plasma pools and then exposed to hot vapour to inactivate blood-borne viruses was evaluated in 28 factor-VIII deficient patients (14 vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus, HBV) who had not been treated with any blood product and hence were highly susceptible to the development of post-transfusion hepatitis. Tests for aminotransferases and HBV markers were made every 2 weeks in the first 4 months and at 5, 6 and 12 months. Twenty-four patients were considered not to have developed hepatitis, either because they had no elevations of aminotransferases or did not become seropositive for HBV markers. The four remaining unvaccinated patients (three treated with the same batch and the fourth with a different one) developed HBV infection 8-24 weeks after the first concentrate infusion. Hence, this method of viral inactivation did not afford complete protection from hepatitis B.
 ...
PMID:Prospective study of hepatitis after factor VIII concentrate exposed to hot vapour. 313 99

Short presentation of the common procedures to avoid transmission of human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) by hemoderivates especially clotting-factor-preparations. The stepwise seroconversion (ELISA, IFT, Western-blot) of HIV is shown in a 7 5/12 ys old boy with hemophilia A after administration of a dry-heated factor VIII-preparation. Seven similar observations were reported in the literature. On the other hand HIV-seroconversion could not be observed during treatment with wet-heated factor VIII-preparations. In consequence only wet-heated factor VIII-preparations and factor IX-preparations respectively should be administered to hemophiliacs without HIV-antibodies. By this precaution transmission of non-A, non-B-hepatitis may be avoided simultaneously.
 ...
PMID:[Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus by a dry heat-treated Factor VIII concentrate?]. 314 70

The efficiency of heat treatment procedures of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates, prepared from voluntary, non-paid donors by three French Blood Transfusion Centres, on the inactivation of HIV and non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) viruses was assessed. Some 43 patients (26 haemophilia A, 17 haemophilia B) were followed for at least 1 year by testing for HIV antibodies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). No HIV seroconversion was observed indicating that heat treatment was completely efficient. Among 26 haemophiliacs, 6 (4 haemophilia A, 2 haemophilia B) presented an elevation in ALT, indicating only a 75% reduction of NANB viral contamination.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and biological survey of haemophilia A and B patients infused with French heat-treated concentrates. 314 99

The risk of hepatitis B infections has been reduced by screening of blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, recipients remain at significant risk of developing post-transfusion hepatitis. Studies have shown that non-A, non-B hepatitis virus(es) are responsible for the majority of post-transfusion hepatitis infections. In spite of many efforts, these non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses have not yet been identified. Epidemiological studies, however, suggest that non-A, non-B hepatitis shares many features with hepatitis B. Recently, Wands et al [1982] showed, in chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis agents, the presence of antigenemia or viremia by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies directed toward distinct determinants of HBsAg and by molecular hybridization analysis. They suggested that non-A, non-B hepatitis agents may be related, but distinct variant(s) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this study, five chimpanzees were inoculated with three different agents that have been shown to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis. The following inocula were used (I) a factor VIII preparation kindly provided by D.W. Bradley, (II) acute phase serum from a chimpanzee infected with the F strain kindly provided by A.J. Zuckerman, and (III) a DS-antigen serum previously shown by us to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis [Duermeyer et al, 1983]. All chimpanzees developed a rise in transaminase levels between 8 and 10 weeks after inoculation. None of the chimpanzees was positive for any markers of HBV infection. No evidence was obtained of infection with hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. One chimpanzee developed chronic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Absence of detectable hepatitis B virus DNA in sera and liver of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis. 392 Mar 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>