Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied anti-Pre S2 by ELISA incorporating a synthetic peptide corresponding to the pre S2 (120-150) sequence and a monoclonal anti-human IgG, conjugated with peroxidase in 139 patients with hepatitis B and HBsAg carriers. The positive rate was 90% inpatients with acute-hepatitis 6.7% in chronic active hepatitis and 2.5% in persistent hepatitis. No positive case was seen in the HBsAg carriers. These findings indicate that anti-pre S2 may contribute to virus clearance and early diagnosis. The coexistence of anti-pre S2 with pre-S2 antigen was found only in patients with acute hepatitis, and anti-pre S2 may be coexistent with HBeAg in acute hepatitis, whereas all HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis and HBsAg carriers lacked anti-pre S2. Comparing with anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBs and anti-HBe, anti-pre S2 is an earlier antibody in humoral immune response to HBV infection during the acute phase of hepatitis.
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PMID:[Detection and significance of anti-pre S2 in patients with hepatitis B and HBsAg carriers]. 196 50

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the determination of antibodies against the putative capsid protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A 36-mer oligopeptide with a sequence of RRGPRLGVRATRKTSERSQPRGRRQPIPKVRRPEGR (CP9) was synthesized; it was selected on the translation product of the presumptive HCV core gene, because of a high local hydrophilicity and excellent conservation by different HCV strains. The synthetic peptide was immobilized on a solid-support to capture antibodies directed to CP9 (anti-CP9) in test sera, which were detected by Fab' fragments of monoclonal anti-human IgG/gamma labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The specificity of anti-CP9 was confirmed by absorption tests. Anti-CP9 was detected in 13 (68%) of 19 patients with sporadic acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and in 15 (83%) of 18 patients with post-transfusion acute NANB hepatitis. In 7 cases of acute NANB hepatitis who were followed, anti-CP9 developed earlier than antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV) detectable by a commercial assay kit. Among patients with chronic NANB liver diseases, anti-CP9 was detected in 103 (77%) of 133 with chronic hepatitis, 70 (62%) of 113 with liver cirrhosis and 31 (76%) of 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-CP9 and anti-HCV overlapped in 175 (54%) among 324 cases of acute or chronic NANB liver diseases; 58 (18%) were positive only for anti-CP9 while 49 (15%) were positive only for anti-HCV. HCV RNA was detected, by amplifying HCV cDNA with polymerase chain reaction, in 10 of 11 sera positive only for anti-CP9. Among sera from 606 blood donors, 21 were positive only for anti-CP9. HCV RNA was detected in 5 (24%) of them, all of which had A492 values greater than 0.600 in ELISA for anti-CP9. Based on these results, anti-CP9 would complement anti-HCV for the diagnosis of HCV infection and contribute toward further decreasing posttransfusion NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the capsid protein of hepatitis C virus with a synthetic oligopeptide. 196 54

In 353 sera (from healthy donors as well as patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, malignant melanoma) circulating immune complexes were determined by C1q-binding test and a C1q solid-phase ELISA. Using peroxidase-labelled antibodies (from rabbit) against human mu-, gamma-, and alpha-heavy chains, the immunoglobulin classes in the complexes were determined. In rheumatoid arthritis, immune complexes contain IgM more frequently (41.5%) than in systemic lupus erythematosus (10%). Immune complexes containing only IgA as immunoglobulin were found in 24 cases. Our results including binding experiments with chemically aggregated IgA suggest, that the binding of C1q to IgA is not necessarily followed by classical complement activation.
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PMID:[Determination of circulating immune complexes and of their component immunoglobulin classes M, G, and A with a C1q-ELISA]. 206 29

The anti-pre-S antibody in the samples of sera from normal healthy persons and patients with different clinical types of liver diseases due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was detected by a newly established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. This test is a blocking assay where anti-pre-S antibody in the patient's serum blocks subsequent addition of horse radish peroxidase-labelled polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) to the pHSA-receptor site of HBsAg molecules fixed on a solid surface. Anti-pre-S activity was not detected in any from 95 healthy persons who were negative for all HBV-markers or from 105 healthy HBV carriers. In 12 sera from HBV vaccine recipients, anti-pre-S activity was noted in higher proportions compared with anti-HBs, after both the second and third doses of vaccine. Anti-pre-S activity was detected in small proportions of HBsAg positive sera from acute viral hepatitis (4.2%) and chronic active hepatitis (10%). In subacute viral hepatitis patients, the anti-pre-S antibody was totally absent. However, anti-pre-S activity was recorded in high proportions of HBsAg-positive sera from patients with cirrhosis of liver (57.2%) and fulminant hepatitis (41.6%). The anti-pre-S antibodies were assumed to be implicated in the clearance of HBV particles from circulation without causing tissue damage.
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PMID:Anti-pre-S antibodies in different groups of patients with hepatitis B virus infection. 249 Sep 40

A deceased 59-year-old woman with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis was autopsied. She had had diabetes mellitus since she was 30 years old, and insulin therapy was started at 34 years. Laboratory findings were as follows: s-GOT 85, s-GPT 31, gamma-globulin 2.45 g/dl. Immunological tests were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-ENA antibody with high titers of antithyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies. HLA analysis revealed the presence of DR-4. The thyroid biopsy specimen showed microscopic features characteristic of chronic thyroiditis at 52 years of age. She had been repeatedly admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus. She was admitted for the 9th time in June, 1987 following complaints of abdominal pain. After admission, her general condition became gradually worse, and she died of peritonitis in September, 1987. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an expansion of fibrous tissue on Glisson's capsule accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and was diagnosed to be chronic inactive hepatitis. As for the thyroid gland, fibrous tissue replaced an extensive area of the thyroid gland, and normal thyroid tissue was not observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was less in comparison with that in the previous biopsy. As for the pancreas, atrophy of exocrine pancreatic tissue and fibrous change in interstitial tissue was observed. Lymphocytic infiltration was also seen in the interstitial exocrine tissue but not in the islet. Immunohistochemical examination of the islets using anti-insulin, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies by ABC peroxidase method showed the selective disappearance of B cells in the islets. The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and pancreas suggest that autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic thyroiditis, chronic hepatitis and IDDM with exocrine pancreatic impairment in this case.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis]. 259 7

The intrahepatic expression of hepatitis-B core antigen (HBcAg) was investigated in 54 liver biopsy specimens from 24 chronic type-B hepatitis patients, by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. The HBcAg localization pattern in the hepatocyte correlated with the evolution of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) values. The clinical course were classified into three phases, as follows: pre-exacerbation phase (A phase), with minimal abnormal range of ALAT (40-100 KU) for 6 to 12 months; exacerbation phase (B phase) with elevated ALAT (more than 100 KU) for 3 to 6 months; and post-exacerbation and subsiding phase (C phase) for 3 months after phase B, showing decreased ALAT values. Nineteen of the 54 biopsied specimens belonged to the A phase, 21 to the B phase, and 14 to the C phase. In the A phase the hepatocytic HBcAg was variably expressed as nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membranous in location in the same specimens. In the B phase, HBcAg expression decreased in the nucleus, but increased in the cytoplasmic-membranous pattern. The intrahepatic HBcAg expression in the C phase decreased in all patterns. The mean level of ALAT in cases of cytoplasmic-membranous HBcAg expression was higher than that in cases of nuclear HBcAg expression. Four of six patients who underwent liver biopsies in the A, B, and C phases showed remarkable decreases of cytoplasmic and membranous HBcAg expression in the C phase. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic and membranous localization of HBcAg can be related to both liver cell injury and active inflammatory processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Change of intrahepatic expression of hepatitis-B core antigen during the clinical course of type-B chronic hepatitis. 267 3

The metabolism of chemical carcinogens was investigated in liver preparations from 28 captive woodchucks (Marmota monax). Of these, 23 were naturally infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), and eight also had primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Twenty-nine parameters were investigated in liver subcellular fractions, including cross-reactivity with HBsAg, and biochemical parameters, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cytochrome P-450 and microsomal monooxygenases (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin deethylases, aminopyrine and dimethylnitrosamine demethylases, and testosterone 7 alpha-, 16 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylases), uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase, GSH and related enzymes (peroxidase, reductase and S-transferase), as well as other cytosolic enzyme activities (glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, NADPH- and NADH-dependent diaphorases, and DT diaphorase). In addition, liver preparations were used in order to quantify the metabolic activation into bacterial mutagens of five procarcinogens (aflatoxin B1, the pyrolysis products Trp-P-2 and MeIQ, 2-aminofluorene and dimethylnitrosamine) and the decrease of potency of three direct-acting mutagens (sodium dichromate, ICR 191 and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide). WHV infection produced a significant stimulation of carcinogen metabolism, as shown by the simultaneous change in detoxification parameters (GSH depletion) and activation indices (enhancement of microsomal monooxygenases and of procarcinogen activation into mutagenic metabolites). There were no significant differences between WHV-positive samples from animals without PHC and the noncancerous tissue of PHC-bearing animals, whereas a decrease of both activation and detoxification indices was recorded in the tumorous tissue. There was a considerable interindividual variability among WHV carriers, which was tentatively ascribed to genetic factors. Pregnancy was the only known factor influencing the results in WHV carriers. However, even by excluding pregnant animals, the effects on carcinogen metabolism produced by WHV infection were still statistically significant. These results, together with previous data obtained in humans, revealed that metabolic factors may play a role in the synergism between viral hepatitis and chemical hepatocarcinogens in the etiopathogenesis of PHC.
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PMID:Enhanced metabolic activation of chemical hepatocarcinogens in woodchucks infected with hepatitis B virus. 272 Sep 3

Implications of P-450 in human hepatic disorders were immunohistochemically examined. We first confirmed that an antibody against P-450-HM1, an isozyme of cytochrome P-450 which was purified from human livers at autopsy, detects only P-450 on immunoblots. In a study of 79 consecutive autopsied livers using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, the antibody reacted strongly with fetal hepatocytes, the reaction being more intense in the left lobe than in the right lobe. In normal livers, immunoreactivity was confined to centrilobular hepatocytes, decreasing in the periportal zone. Enhanced expression was occasionally found in scattered hepatocytes and in hepatocytes surrounding sublobular veins; this enhancement was related to longterm steroid therapy. No specific induction was observed in patients with toxic hepatitis. In patients with fibrosis, cirrhosis, or regenerative nodules, however, P-450-positive hepatocytes were observed in the periportal and middle zones as well as in the central zone. In contrast, hepatocellular carcinomas were devoid of P-450 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that P-450-HM1, which is abundant in the fetal liver, is reexpressed in regenerating hepatocytes but not in cancers.
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PMID:Distributional variation of P-450 immunoreactive hepatocytes in human liver disorders. 279 57

Anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) screening is now used in some countries as a surrogate test to reduce the incidence of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize an alternate assay, for the detection of anti-HBc, based on a direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (db-ELISA). Microtiter plates were coated with recombinant DNA hepatitis B core antigen. Patient antibody was detected spectrophotometrically using a goat, anti-human immunoglobulin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The db-ELISA was compared to a standard competitive-binding ELISA (cb-ELISA). A competitive-binding radioimmunoassay (cb-RIA) was used as the reference assay for this study. The specificity of the cb-ELISA was 50% and the positive predictive value was 64% when compared to the cb-RIA. The specificity and positive predictive value of the db-ELISA were both 97% when compared to the cb-RIA. Based on titration studies, the sensitivity of the db-ELISA is at least equal to the cb-RIA. Based on the data generated in this study, the db-ELISA appears to be an acceptable screening test for anti-HBc.
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PMID:Development of a direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as an alternate assay for anti-hepatitis B core. 280 Apr 66

Reactivity of monoclonal antibody (48-1), produced by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) transformation method using lymphocytes from a chimpanzee infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis, on human liver biopsy specimens from 240 cases was studied. By means of indirect immunoperoxidase study (Secondary Antibody: Horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-human IgM.F(ab')2), the cases with non-A, non-B acute hepatitis showed a high positive reaction (15/24), while those cases with A-type and B-type hepatitis showed almost no reaction, suggesting that this 48-1 antibody strongly related to human non-A, non-B hepatitis. As for staining pattern, cytoplasms of some hepatocytes and large-size histiocytes were stained diffusely in pellet form, and were found scattered in each lobule. In addition, an EM study was made on positive cases using an immunoperoxidase method. However, a definite finding on peroxidase-reactive products was not obtained. We believe that this antibody (48-1) obtained by the EBV method would be useful in investigations of antigen-antibody systems related to non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:[Reactivity of 48-1 antibody with human liver tissue]. 283 Jun 52


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