Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sensitive method for demonstrating the site of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in fixed tissues embedded in either paraffin or araldite is described. The method employs the peroxidase-rabbit antiperoxidase linkage through goat antirabbit to rabbit anti-HBsAg. In staining hepatitis antigen in agar, comparison of fixation (using three common fixatives) with unfixed precipitation arcs revealed no recognizable differences in antigenicity induced by fixation. The method allows confirmation of positive reaction by appropriate blocking controls. The technic is compared with the orcein stain of Shikata and found to be somewhat more sensitive but slightly more time-consuming.
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PMID:An immunoperoxidase technic for the demonstration of the hepatitis B surface antigen in human livers. 5 16

A recent outbreak of hepatitis in mice at the Laboratory Animals Centre (Surrey, England) is described. The only strains of mice that showed clinical symptoms and typical liver lesions were the nude (nu/nu) and obese mice. Although other inbred strains showed no clinical symptoms, all strains seroconverted. Neutralization typing of the mouse hepatitis virus showed it to be type 1, a hepatotropic strain of low virulence, a finding that was consistent with the pathology of the disease. Because of recurring outbreaks of disease caused by this strain and other strains of MHV in the United Kingdom, a rapid method for diagnosis in tissue culture was devised, employing the peroxidase enzyme-labeled antibody technique for detection of mouse hepatitis virus in L-929 cells.
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PMID:Peroxidase-labeled antibody technique for rapid detection of mouse hepatitis virus in cases of natural outbreaks. 21 90

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay is described for measuring hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum or plasma. Immunologically purified antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase was used as the indicator. In the assay system, antibody-coated controlled-pore glass is used as a solid support and there are three sequential incubations, totaling 2 h, at room temperature. Results for serially diluted positive and reference sera compare favorably to radioimmunoassay in sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen. 32 92

The effect of protease pretreatment on the demonstration of hepatitis-B-surface antigen by immunofluorescence (IF) and the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (PAP) in conventionally processed (formalin-fixed, paraffin-emmbedded) liver biopsy material was quantitatively assessed by microphotometry. Protease digestion significantly enhances the intensity of specific staining by both methods, and, in addition, suppresses non-specific background fluorescence. The sensitivity of the immunomorphologic test is significantly enhanced, and antigen in low amounts, for example hepatitis-B-surface antigen associated with liver cell membrane ('membrane' staining), is easily detected.
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PMID:Effect of protease pretreatment on immunomorphologic demonstration of hepatitis-B-surface antigen in conventional paraffin-embedded liver biopsy material: quantitative evaluation. 38 83

To measure human serum ferritin and rat plasma ferritin a non-competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay has been developed using horseradish peroxidase as the enzyme. In this assay it proved necessary to use heated rat plasma to obtain reproducible ferritin values. The heating procedure caused a loss of 38% of the plasma ferritin. Rat plasma ferritin values have been corrected for this loss. The standard deviation, from duplicate normal human and rat samples is 10 ng ferritin/ml serum and 69 ng/ml plasma, respectively. (The mean ferritin concentrations are: in human sera, 82 ng/ml and in rat plasma 762 ng/ml.) Mean recovery of added liver ferritin in the human serum is 104% +/- 4% (+/-S.E.M') and in the rat plasma 101% +/- 3% (+/- S.E.M.). Normal ferritin concentrations varied in the human material between 30 ng/ml and 300 ng/ml serum, and in the rat plasma between 500 ng/ml and 1300 ng/ml. During increased body iron and acute hepatitis the ferritin concentrations, in patients as well as in rats, exceeded the upper limit of the normal values in most cases. During human hepatitis high serum ferritin levels combined with high serum iron levels were measured. The high serum iron concentrations could not be explained by the high serum ferritin concentrations, even if the iron content of the ferritin is supposed to be high.
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PMID:An enzyme-linked immunoassay for ferritin in human serum and rat plasma and the influence of the iron in serum ferritin on serum iron measurement, during acute hepatitis. 67 92

Electron microscopic findings made on microsomal fractions of rat liver after treatment with microsomal antibodies obtained from the blood of patients diagnosed as having chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and after incubation with peroxidase-labelled antihuman IgG are described and presented in this paper. Interpretation of these findings as the substrate of an antibody reaction directed against membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes is discussed.
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PMID:The immunoelectron-microscopical demonstration of antibodies against endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) in chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. 88 90

There have been many reports on renal lesions of alcoholic cirrhosis, but not on those of post-hepatitis cirrhosis (PHC) up to present. A clinical and pathological observation on PHC was carried out prospectively in 18 and retrospectively in 34 cases. Renal specimens were examined with light and electron microscopy and immunopathological methods (immunofluorescence and peroxidase anti-peroxidase). Clinically, recurrent gross hematuria was observed in 2 and wild urinary abnormality in 17 cases. One case developed renal failure and the remaining 32 cases had no clinical evidence of renal involvement. Light microscopy showed wild mesangial lesions in 44 cases and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening with segmental splitting in 29 and diffuse splitting in 2 cases. Massive protein deposition was found in the GBM, mesangium (Ms) and tubular basement membrane as well as the epithelium and endothelium. Immunopathological examination showed massive deposition of various immunoglobulins and complements in GBM and Ms, with IgG dominant in 8, IgM dominant in 7, IgA dominant in 6 and "full house" in 11 cases. HBsAg was detectable in GBM and Ms in 5 cases (9.6%) and HBcAg in one. Focal interstitial fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration were found in 15 (28.3%). Our data revealed that renal lesions of post-hepatitis cirrhosis are different from those of the so-called "cirrhotic glomerulonephritis" in certain aspects. They are characterized by definite GBM involvement and massive deposition of immunoglobulins and complements. Its pathogenesis may be more complicated than that of other types of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Renal lesions of post-hepatitis cirrhosis]. 142 1

An immunocytochemical technique utilizing an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex was developed to detect viral antigens in various tissues following oral administration of a locally isolated serotype 8 avian adenovirus (AAV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. A strong color reaction was obtained with tissues from infected birds that contained a minimal amount of AAV antigens as determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No reaction was detected in sections of tissues obtained from SPF chickens, and the reactivity with infected tissues could be removed by prior absorption of the primary antibody with purified AAV. A group-specific antigen common to the 12 serotypes of AAV was demonstrated by this technique. Because of the high sensitivity and broad-spectrum reactivity, this technique could be useful for studying the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of inclusion body hepatitis caused by several serotypes of AAV.
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PMID:Development of an immunocytochemical procedure to detect adenoviral antigens in chicken tissues. 166 80

An instrument for the automation of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry has been developed. This machine is capable of analyzing 20 microscope glass slides via all of the steps required for colorimetric in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. The slides are placed specimen-side down on a specialized Teflon slide-holder set in the reaction chamber of the machine. The system uses a unique type of capillary action between the slide and the holder. The holder has two small holes and is designed to apply, incubate and sequentially add and remove reagents from the slide surface. The system performs the complete processes of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry from dewaxing to colorization. Some applications were carried out using this instrument. Cultured cells infected with cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, or herpes simplex virus were hybridized with homologous biotinylated probes, and showed strong purple signals with alkaline phosphatase in the presence of nitroblue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. Automatic in situ hybridization using other colorimetric detection systems (e.g., peroxidase-labeled probes/diaminobenzidine/H2O2) was also examined in cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and in paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue sections from patients with hepatitis. For conventional immunohistochemical staining, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were used. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and gamma-immunoglobulins were detected automatically in human brain white matter and tonsillar tissues, respectively, as peroxidase-based reddish signals. The intensity of staining was equal to that achieved by manual methods.
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PMID:Development of an automatic machine for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. 177 90

Adenovirus type 7 vaccine strain was engineered to express foreign antigens from both the E3 early promoter in the E3 region and the major late promoter inserted between the E4 region and the right inverted terminal repeat. This multiple expression vector was used to express hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The gene inserted in the E3 region was derived from the core gene of the hepatitis B virus genome. When the precore region was present, an immunoreactive group of proteins with molecular weights ranging from 15,000 to 19,000 was secreted into the media. Velocity sedimentation centrifugation of media and lysates from cells infected with recombinants containing the core gene with the precore region resulted in peaks of HBeAg at the top of the gradient where authentic HBeAg should be found. In addition to the core gene in the E3 region, the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus was inserted behind the major late promoter in the E4 region resulting in an adeno-hepatitis recombinant virus capable of expressing both the core gene and the HBsAg cells. Cells infected with the adeno-hepatitis recombinants could also be stained with peroxidase-conjugates after reacting to antibody against HBcAg. Inoculation of dogs with the recombinant viruses which contained the core gene, with and without the precore sequence, resulted in a significant antibody response to HBcAg/HBeAg. The dogs also produced a significant antibody response to HBsAg as well as neutralizing antibody to adenovirus.
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PMID:Co-expression of hepatitis B virus antigens by a non-defective adenovirus vaccine vector. 182 60


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