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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the oxygen-carrying, so-called "artificial blood", Fluosol-DA, developed by us, we successfully performed a radical resection for esophageal cancer and a one-stage reconstruction, without any blood transfusion. The operation was performed quite safely despite a large blood loss, a stable condition was performed quite safely despite a large blood loss, a stable condition being maintained during and after the operation. Fluosol-DA has no relation to blood type and is stable in a frozen state for one year or more and can, therefore, be used conveniently and safely for treating severe and intraoperative hemorrhages. Furthermore, this preparation may well have at wide application because it greatly reduces the risk of postoperative hepatitis.
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PMID:Success in the radical resection of esophageal cancer with artificial blood infusion: case report. 734 51

Infection by bacteria, parasites or viruses and tissue inflammation such as gastritis, hepatitis and colitis are recognized risk factors for human cancers at various sites. Nitric oxide (NO) and other oxygen radicals produced in infected and inflamed tissues could contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by different mechanisms, which are discussed on the basis of authors' studies on liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma development. A similar mechanism could apply to other suspected and known cancer-causing agents including Helicobacter pylori infection (stomach cancer) or asbestos exposure (lung mesothelioma). Studies on the type of tissue and DNA damage produced by NO and by other reactive oxygen species are shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammatory processes may initiate or enhance carcinogenesis in humans.
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PMID:Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis. 751 36

1. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective efficacy of CuPu(Py)2 ((N,N'-bis(2-pyridyl-methylene)-1,4-butanediamine) (N,N',N",N")-Cu2+), a serum-stable, copper-di-Schiffbase active centre analogue of Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase was tested in male NMNR mice suffering from endotoxin/galactosamine-induced hepatitis. 2. Parameters including the activities of serum transaminases and sorbitol-dehydrogenase as well as the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates which were used to quantify the disease activity. 3. A dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic enzyme release was noted in the presence of 0.1-10 mg/kg of CuPu(Py)2. 4. The release of transaminases from damaged liver cells was reduced by 68% and paralleled the reduction of serum levels of nitric oxides. 5. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species were normalized to those healthy controls. 6. The copper-free apochelate Pu(Py)2, which is unable to dismutate superoxide, did not display any anti-inflammatory reactivity.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective reactivity of a copper-di-Schiffbase active centre analogue of Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase. 759 Jan 16

Oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen intermediate formation, may represent a common mechanism by which liver injury is induced by diverse etiologies. Oxidative stress enhances nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity, and NF-kappa B activity has been shown to enhance the expression of cytotoxic cytokines. Acute hepatic injury caused by reactive oxygen intermediate production was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in mice. This injury was significantly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of the mice with a water-soluble emulsion of alpha-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol treatment of the mice given the CCl4 also reduced the NF-kappa B binding to levels approaching those found in normal mice. In vitro treatment of a monocyte/macrophage cell line with CCl4 led to enhanced NF-kappa B binding and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) messenger RNA levels. Liver specimens taken from patients with acute fulminant hepatitis had markedly increased NF-kappa B binding activity in comparison with the binding of normal livers. These data demonstrate that abolishing acute hepatic injury with alpha-tocopherol, a free radical scavenger, also eliminated increased NF-kappa B binding. It is tempting to speculate that enhanced NF-kappa B expression caused by free radical production/oxidative stress may modulate liver injury, perhaps through an effect on cytotoxic cytokine synthesis.
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PMID:Vitamin E therapy of acute CCl4-induced hepatic injury in mice is associated with inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B binding. 759 Jun 66

Military and civilian medical organisations have long recognised that an oxygen-carrying volume expander which is easy to store, transport and administer could be life-saving for trauma victims. Concern over fatal blood-borne pathogens including hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as a shrinking donor pool further highlight the need for such a product. A variety of substances that transport oxygen and augment intravascular volume in the absence of red cells are emerging as possible "blood substitutes" for use in humans. These include haemoglobin solutions, liposome encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH) and perfluorocarbons. The purpose of this review is to discuss issues related to the various oxygen-carrying volume-expanding solutions by addressing the following questions: 1) What are the ideal properties of an oxygen-carrying volume expander? 2) What types of oxygen-carrying solutions are under development? 3) How does the efficacy of these compounds compare to their limitations and side effects? and 4) What are the potential clinical applications of these products?
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PMID:Haemoglobin-based blood substitutes: what's on the horizon? 771 Feb 40

A 25 year-old woman diagnosed as acute myelocytic leukemia (M0) suffered a fourth relapse in February 1992 at which time she already had anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction. Although remission was induced by low dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide combined with pirarubicin, she developed acute heart failure followed by extreme elevation of transaminases level and DIC. Abdominal echography and CT revealed small round lesions in the liver. We diagnosed this episode as ischemic hepatitis because of the following clinical findings; serological markers of virus hepatitis were negative, hypotension and reduced blood flow to the liver were seen, and both transaminases and LDH were markedly elevated. Dobutamin and oxygen inhalation were started, her liver function returned to almost normal levels 8 days later.
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PMID:[Ischemic hepatitis due to anthracycline-induced cardiac insufficiency in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia (M0)]. 771 77

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) used in 170 white rats with chronic CCL4-hepatitis after resection of the liver was conducive to repair of the reversible (glutamine synthesis) and irreversible (urea synthesis) routes of ammonium binding in hepatocytes which are disordered in chronic hepatitis. Hyperbaric oxygen regulates the effect of resection of the liver on the glutamine- and urea-synthesizing function of the hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis. Therapeutic effect of HBO persists for 4 days of the posthypoxic period under conditions of posthyperoxic hypoxia.
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PMID:[Role of hyperbaric oxygenation in the mechanism of ammonium detoxication in resection of the liver in the presence of chronic hepatitis]. 773 76

Between February and April 1991, six adults were admitted to the New York Hospital because of measles pneumonitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology and/or viral culture. Uncommon clinical features among patients with this diagnosis included thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, myositis, and hypocalcemia. All patients were markedly hypoxic (initial alveolar--arterial oxygen gradients while the patients were breathing room air, 40-61 mm Hg); four required support with mechanical ventilation. All patients received therapy with intravenous ribavirin (20-35 mg/[kg.d]) for 1 week. The respiratory status of five patients (one of whom was positive for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) who were treated early (days 2-5 of illness) promptly improved; all abnormal parameters eventually returned to baseline. Treatment of the sixth patient, who was presumed to be HIV-infected, was initiated on hospital day 22; this patient died of progressive oxygenation failure on day 38. We conclude that life-threatening measles pneumonitis in adults may be more common that previously appreciated, regardless of the patient's immune status. Therapy with intravenous ribavirin was well tolerated by our patients and was associated with reversal of respiratory compromise.
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PMID:Severe measles pneumonitis in adults: evaluation of clinical characteristics and therapy with intravenous ribavirin. 864 18

Knowledge continues to grow on the biology of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO), its effects on red blood cell physiology, and the use of the recombinant form of the hormone. In addition to oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption may be important in stimulating EPO production. This production is likely mediated by an intracellular messenger system other than cAMP. Once released, EPO prevents programmed cell death of BFU-E and CFU-E cells. Recent evidence suggests that lack of EPO, rather than the presence of EPO inhibitors, is the cause of the anemia seen in renal patients. Recombinant EPO has been available clinically since mid 1989. Nearly two thirds of dialysis patients are receiving this agent, although low doses are the rule, with the average hematocrit achieved of only 31%. EPO dosing has been subjected to kinetic modeling that has revealed a wide range in RBC half-life from patient to patient. This accounts in part for the varying maintenance dosing requirements. An additional modulating factor in the response to EPO is severe, secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone marrow fibrosis which may be reversible with medical or surgical parathyroidectomy. Hypertension continues to occur in 20-35% of patients given EPO. This effect may be mediated by endothelin which appears to be stimulated by EPO administration. Treatment of the anemia of renal failure leads to many organ system benefits including improved muscle metabolism, decreased left ventricular hypertrophy, enhanced immune responses to hepatitis vaccine, and improved brain electrophysiology. he optimal target hematocrit to achieve the greatest benefits for the patient at an acceptable cost remains to be determined.
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PMID:Erythropoietin overview--1993. 798 77

To evaluate whether neutrophil bactericidal function, the ability to produce oxygen-derived free radicals, is altered in patients with chronic liver disease, we measured chemiluminescence amplified by a luciferin analog (Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence) and luminol (luminol-dependent chemiluminescence) in response to N-formyl-Met-Lue-Phe by neutrophils from patients with chronic liver diseases due to C and/or B type hepatitis: chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence were significantly decreased in neutrophils from patients with chronic liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma < cirrhosis < chronic active hepatitis) when they were compared with normal healthy subjects. The reduction of Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence in chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis was more sensitive than Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence; however, in hepatocellular carcinoma, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was more reduced than luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Although there were not significant correlations between glutamic pyruvic transaminase and Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence/luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, there were significant negative correlations between total bilirubin and Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence/luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between albumin/prothrombin time and Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence/luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. These data suggest that an impaired ability to produce oxygen-derived free radicals may contribute to the susceptibility to infection in patients with chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Impaired ability of neutrophils to produce oxygen-derived free radicals in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. 804 92


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