Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amongst 108 surgical patients receiving massive transfusions, 60 died. Study of the aetiology of the haemorrhage, the circumstances of the transfusion, and the role of massive transfusions in the transmission of infectious diseases, disturbances in haemostasis, immunological, respiratory and metabolic complications led to the determination of certain simple criteria of gravity which may restrict their use:age over 60 years; the number of units used, if it exceeds 30; the existence of cirrhosis, of an acute lesion as the source of bleeding, or of peroperative haemorrhage. By contrast, the transmission of hepatitis, coagulation disturbances, immediate or delayed incompatibility accidents and variations in pH, blood potassium and calcium levels and arterial pO2 had little influence on mortality.
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PMID:[Clinical study of massive transfusions (108 cases)]. 4 89

Re/coagulan was compared to the standard calcium chloride (CaCl2) method for effectiveness of recalcification of plasma and whole blood. The time required for clot formation was determined. The effect of Re/coagulan on the specificity of hepatitis tests, direct antiglobulin tests, indirect antiglobulin tests, and agglutination tests were investigated. Hepatitis testing was performed on untreated serum and Re/coagulan-treated ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasmas by radioimmunoassay, reversed passive latex agglutination, and reversed passive hemagglutination methods. Direct antiglobulin tests were performed on untreated, CaCl2 treated, and Re/coagulan treated EDTA, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), and citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) samples of whole blood. Red cell antibody specificity and titer were determined before and after clot formation by both the CaCl2 and Re/coagulan methods. Examples of agglutinating and sensitizing antibodies were tested. Antibodies directed against antigens in the Rh, Kell, MNS, Lewis, P, Kidd, Duffy, and Lutheran blood groups systems were investigated. Re/coaglulan didnot have a detrimental effect on the tests performed and compared favorably to the standard recalcification method.
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PMID:An evaluation of Re/coagulan for blood center tests. 51 59

Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in rats. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol was found to be more potent and rapidly active than vitamin D in stimulating intestinal calcium transport and calcium mobilization from bone both in normal and vitamin D deficient rats. 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol was also active in nephrectomized and/or thyroparathyroidectomized rats both in intestine and bone. Although it is well known that 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol is metabolized to 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the liver, there is the possibility that the former is active without further metabolism. In rats in which hepatitis was induced by CCl4, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was active both in the intestine and in the bone, while it was inactive in hepatectomized rats. These data clearly demonstrate that 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol is not active by itself and must be metabolized in the liver. This idea also shows the lag time in response of rats to 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol has more potent antirachitic activity than vitamin D and does not lose its activity with chronic oral administration. In view of these findings, 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol appears to have a good potential for clinical application in cases of renal failure and metabolic bone diseases.
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PMID:[Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1). Effect on intestine and bone in rats (author's transl)]. 65 40

Metabolism of calcium and magnesium may be disturbed in hepatobiliary disease because of deficient or absent bile flow into the gut, since bile is important for the intestinal absorption of these elements. In the present paper the tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), calcium (TRCa), and magnesium (TRMg) were determined in an attempt to evaluate the parathyroid function of infants and children with hepatobiliary disease. In unrepaired biliary atresia TRP was conspicuously reduced (mean 49.8%, SD 15.1). In successfully repaired biliary atresia the value was increased near the normal range (mean 80.7%, SD 8.1). In neonatal hepatitis the value was variable in individual cases, but significantly lower than the normal (mean 47.6%, SD 19.9). TRCa was reduced in one third of the patients with unrepaired biliary atresia and in one fifth of the cases of neonatal hepatitis. The value was within the normal range in repaired biliary atresia. TRMg was decreased in both unrepaired and repaired biliary atresia and in neonatal hepatitis. The effect of intravenous calcium infusion on TRP, TRCa and TRMg was evaluated in 3 patients with unrepaired biliary atresia. TRP was conspicuously enhanced after infusion. TRCa was decreased in 3 to a variable extent. TRMg was moderately increased in 2 and greatly decreased in 1. These results indicate that infants with hepatobiliary disease are in a state of secondary hyperparathyroidism because of deficient or absent bile flow into the intestines.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism in hepatobiliary disease in infancy. 81 5

42 episodes of verified or clinically suspected cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in 40 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were treated with foscarnet (trisodium phosphonophormate hexahydrate). CMV infection was verified in 31/42 treatment episodes. Symptoms treated were pneumonia (n = 17), pancytopenia with or without fever (n = 12), enteritis (n = 5), fever (n = 4), encephalitis (n = 2), retinitis (n = 1) and hepatitis (n = 1). Foscarnet was given as a continuous intravenous infusion. Side-effects observed were increase in serum creatinine (38%), decrease in serum calcium (19%), increase in serum bilirubin (12%), decrease in hemoglobin concentration (7%), increase in serum calcium (5%), increase in serum transaminase (5%), hypophosphatemia (2%) and tremor (2%). CMV was eradicated from blood and/or urine in 11/25 (44%) of assessable treatment episodes with infection verified by isolation. Overall clinical improvements including eradication of CMV, afebrility and/or improvements in laboratory abnormalities were seen in 14/31 (45%) episodes of verified infection. All 15 patients with CMV interstitial pneumonia (CMV IP) died. We conclude that foscarnet is nephrotoxic but otherwise well tolerated with moderate clinical and virostatic effects on CMV infection. The effect on CMV IP is discouraging.
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PMID:Foscarnet for treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. 132 57

The results of the study have shown that the nutrition of rural population is characterized by excessive consumption of bread and baked products, by high content of phosphorus, magnesium and iron, low content of animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, vitamins A, ascorbic acid and riboflavin. The incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and alimentary diseases in this group of population was rather high. The nutrition of students is characterized by excessive consumption of polysaccharides, vegetable oils, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid (in winter-spring period), and calcium. Diseases associated with nutrition disorders (obesity, hepatitis, cholecystitis, colitis) are most often recorded in this group of population.
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PMID:[Actual nutrition and health of several groups of rural and urban population of the Republic of Georgia]. 138 91

During the past 10 years, liver transplantation has developed into an established form of treatment. In 1991 alone, almost 450 liver transplants were performed in Germany with a mean 1-year survival of 70%. Consistent progress in the fields of organ preservation, surgical techniques, and prevention of disease recurrence has made a more than 90% 1-year survival rate achievable during the last 3 years in Berlin. Progress in organ preservation is based on the use of colloidal solutions, pharmacological improvement of microcirculation, and probably prevention of reperfusion injury by the use of calcium antagonists and free oxygen radical scavengers. Improvements in surgical techniques have led to a reduction in blood loss and vascular complications, and to a drastic reduction of biliary leaks and stenosis. The introduction of cyclosporin, FK-506, and monoclonal antibodies into immunosuppressive therapy has contributed to the improvement of results in a major way. Furthermore, progress in intensive care in the areas of fluid therapy and blood component substitution, respiratory care and prophylaxis of infection as well as postoperative nutrition has led to a reduction in early postoperative morbidity and mortality. Efficient prophylaxis of the recurrence of hepatitis-B-virus-related disease by using hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin after liver transplantation has prevented this lethal recurrence, which was previously frequent, in a large group of patients.
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PMID:[Progress in the field of liver transplantation in the last 10 years]. 149 68

An experimental model of toxic liver injury in rats was employed to assay the effect of Nifedipine (a calcium antagonist blocker) and S-Adenosylmethionine (a precursor of glutathione). An important decrease in both perivenular fibrosis and cirrhosis was found. Furthermore, a significant decrease in lactic acid levels was found in the group of animals treated with pharmacologic therapy, although no correlation was seen between lactic acid levels and the different degrees of perivenular fibrosis. No significant variations in ALT and AST enzymes were observed between both groups, as opposed to a significant decrease in LDH enzyme in the Nifedipine+S-Adenosylmethionine group. The results indicate an improvement in the histologic picture of the liver in rats treated by means of pharmacological association, without any change in inflammatory infiltrate and with a slight decrease in necrosis, indicating an action mechanism via creeping fibrosis (instead of a hepatitis pathway).
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PMID:Effect of nifedipine and S-adenosylmethionine in the liver of rats treated with CCl4 and ethanol for one month. 151 99

Experiments on cats with dichloroethane affection of the liver showed that changes in the electrolyte balance in the wall of blood vessels differing in structure and function occurred in phases in different periods of the examination. The course of hepatitis was characterized by gradual exhaustion of epinephrine and norepinephrine stores in the vascular wall. Aevit causes increase of the calcium content, riboflavin--a decrease of the calcium level and increase of the sodium concentration, and legalon causes an increase of the potassium, calcium, and magnesium content.
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PMID:[Balance of electrolytes and catecholamines in tissue of blood vessels in experimental toxic hepatitis and its pharmacotherapy]. 180 87

The historical background, clinical features, morphology, epidemiology and aetiology of halothane hepatitis have been presented. Animal models of halothane hepatotoxicity have been described, although their application to humans is of doubtful significance. Two, probably distinct, forms of liver damage associated with halothane have been identified. The much more common mild form may result from reductive biotransformation of halothane, possibly influenced by genetic factors, or reduced liver oxygenation, whereas the rare fulminant form is most likely to be immune-mediated. The role of altered calcium homeostasis has not yet been established. In addition, a common mechanism for liver dysfunction associated with halogenated volatile anaesthetic agents has been proposed. The hepatotoxicity of enflurane cannot be excluded; while hepatic dysfunction after isoflurane or nitrous oxide is considered unlikely, further attention is necessary. It is too soon to comment on the hepatotoxic potential of sevoflurane or desflurane.
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PMID:Halothane hepatitis. 185 66


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