Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on 28 histologically well-established cases of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis, clinico-pathological aspects of differential diagnosis and staging are reported. In only half of the cases could the diagnosis be made on the first liver biopsy. In 14 cases, two or more liver biopsy specimens were necessary for diagnosis. The most frequent and most difficult differential diagnostic issue was to distinguish between chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis of viral or autoimmune origin. The histochemical demonstration of copper by the rhodanine method was of particular value for differentiating between chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis as well as for diagnosis of mixed types. In two cases of mixed type, the HBs-Antigen in ground glass hepatocytes and copper-associated protein in periportal hepatocytes could be demonstrated simultaneously with Shikata's Orcein-staining. Compared with the previously used system (Scheuer 1967) the staging concept proposed by Ludwig et al. (1978) has proved to be more useful and easier to apply. This system permits recognition of the stage on routinely obtained specimens regardless of specific differential diagnostic features. Most liver biopsy specimens were assigned to stage III. Features considered characteristic of the earlier phases (inflammatory bile duct destruction and granulomas) frequently coexist with more advanced lesions in late stage.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis and staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in liver biopsies]. 378 15

Histologic, histochemical and atomic absorption studies on liver tissue from 71 West Highland white terriers are reported. Twenty-seven dogs had histologically normal liver and copper concentration comparable to mongrel control dogs. Forty-four dogs had hepatic copper concentrations up to 22 times the mean copper concentration found in clinically normal mongrel dogs. Hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis were associated with the increased copper concentration in some dogs. Matings between dogs with high liver copper concentration produced pups with high liver concentration. The copper storage defect is inherited.
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PMID:Hereditary copper toxicosis in West Highland white terriers. 396 81

Serum enzymes are sensitive tools for demonstration of injury to different organs of the body, including lesions that are side effects of drugs or the application of certain compounds for diagnostic purposes. It has been reported that tuberculosis therapy can cause liver damage of the unpredictable drug-induced liver lesion-type. The liver lesions due to tuberculostatics resemble an unspecific or viral hepatitis. Oral contraceptives can also cause hepatic lesions, some of them being quite serious. They have been known to cause hepatosis with or without cholestasis, drug-induced hepatitis, circulatory disturbances such as hepatic peliosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome, and benign and malignant tumors. Therapy control should be instituted in these cases. Enzymes can be used as indicators. A considerable increase of coeruloplasmin (or serum copper) is a useful marker for monitoring contraceptive medication; the aminotransferases initially show a slight increase while later, they may be decreasing to subnormal values. The appearance of serious morphological findings may necessitate delineation of normal ranges and alarm ranges. Serial enzyme determinations are suggested in: 1) high risk patients who have been suffering from hepatitis or intrahepatic cholestasis due to pregnancy or drugs, and 2) in persons complaining of signs or symptoms suggestive of liver involvement. The kidney is another organ which might be influenced by certain drugs leaving the organism via the urinary tract. The presence of enzymes in urine can serve as sensitive indicators of a proximal tubular lesion. The effects of certain hormones on the kidneys are discussed.
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PMID:A review of enzyme changes in serum and urine due to treatment with drugs (tuberculostatics, contraceptive medication, diagnostics and drugs in real diseases). 626 69

Many hepatic lesions, ranging from subcellular alterations to malignant tumors, have been attributed to the use of anabolic steroids (AS) and contraceptive steroids (CS). These lesions that have been attributed to AS and CS are discussed with focus on the following: biochemical changes; subcellular alterations; intrahepatic cholestasis; vascular complications (sinusoidal dilatation, peliosis hepatitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome); hyperplasia and neoplasia (diffuse hyperplasia, nodular transformation, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and miscellaneous malignant tumors); and miscellaneous effects (effects of preexisting liver disease, cholelithiasis, and pancreatitis). OCs have a number of physiologic effects on the liver. These include decreased bile flow, diminished secretion of organic anions, and decreased synthesis and secretion of bile acids. Retention of bromosulfophthalein has been noted with AS during late pregnancy and in the puerperium. It is well established that the CS can lead to elevations of serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels. Subcellular alterations have been reported in both humans and rats on AS or women on CS and involve multiple organelles of the several systems of the liver. Both AS and CS have been implicated in intrahepatic cholestasis. Jaundice usually develops after 2-5 months of therapy with AS or after 3 months of OC use. The lesions attributed to CS and AS can involve any of the systems of the liver. At times more than 1 system is affected simultaneously. Most of the steroid related lesions resemble similar ones caused by other etiologies. Some, such as peliosis hepatitis, are rarely related to other etiologies, but others can be termed steroid specific. A number of diseases associated with the CS or AS also occur in pregnancy. Acute fatty metamorphosis of pregnancy and the periportal hemorrhagic necrosis characteristic of eclampsia have not been reported in patients on CS. Spontaneous rupture of the liver during pregnancy has not been attributed to the CS.
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PMID:Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids. 628 45

Parameters of oxidative phosphorylation, the rate of respiration in various metabolic states of rat liver mitochondria as well as activity of lactate-and malate dehydrogenases in blood serum were altered in rats with chronic heliotrine hepatitis. Cupir (copper containing complex substance) normalized the enzymatic activity and improved all the energy reactions studied in mitochondria.
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PMID:[State of oxidizing processes in rat liver in chronic heliotrine hepatitis]. 683 64

A 41/2-year-old asymptomatic girl with persistent elevated serum transaminase levels for eight months was found to have Wilson's disease. The diagnosis was suspected by the presence of fatty liver and nonspecific chronic hepatitis on liver biopsy and was proved by studies of copper metabolism, including determinations of serum ceruloplasmin and hepatic copper concentrations. Unexplained persistent transaminase elevation in children demand investigation by needle liver biopsy. Th presence of fatty liver and hepatitis should raise the possibility of Wilson's disease, which may then be confirmed by more specific tests. Advantages to early diagnosis include the institution of specific therapy and prevention of progressive liver disease.
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PMID:Persistent transaminasemia and fatty liver. Their use in the diagnosis of presymptomatic Wilson's disease. 706 50

One hundred and twenty-five children with chronic liver disease were seen in Pune in 13 months. Fifty-nine of them, aged 8-39 months, had Indian childhood cirrhosis histologically diagnosed. Their characteristics included an insidious onset of symptoms, a geographical clustering of cases in rural areas north-east of Pune, a high rate of parental consanguinity and affected siblings, and a very high hepatic copper concentration (790-6654 micrograms/g dry weight). Only 8 survived for 6 months, adverse prognostic features being jaundice, ascites, enlargement of the gall bladder, and severe anaemia at presentation. Clinical differentiation from other liver disorders in the same age group was clear in advanced cases but unreliable in earlier cases. Four asymptomatic siblings with hepatomegaly had a benign course. The need for non-invasive methods to diagnose early cases in the community is demonstrated. The other major diagnostic categories were: unresolved hepatitis (12); chronic active hepatitis (7); cryptogenic cirrhosis (6); neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia (8).
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PMID:Liver disease in India. 718 21

Studies on 42 patients (38 women, 4 men) with chronic-destructive non-purulent cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis demonstrated that the duration of symptoms does not correlate with the histological stages. The shortest duration of symptoms was found in patients in the cirrhotic stage. Enzyme levels measured at the time of diagnosis indicated that--contrary to serum bilirubin and serum copper levels--they did not correlate with the stage of the disease. There was an increased frequency of allergic signs in the past history of this group of patients. Furthermore, in all the women (average age 45) there was a 29% abortion rate. Among the three control groups (no liver disease, chronic-aggressive hepatitis, other forms of liver disease), the one with chronic-aggressive hepatitis also showed a high abortion rate (19.5%).
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PMID:[New aspects of the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, a study of 42 patients (author's transl)]. 719 20

A case report is presented of a young woman in whom symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) developed during copper chelation therapy for Wilson's disease. The 22 year old white woman was seen in the summer of 1978 because of development of blisters on the dorsa of the hands associated with focal atrophic hypopigmentation, generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin, and hpertrichosis of the lateral forehead and face. A sibling had died in childhood with Wilson's disease. When the patient developed hepatomegaly, ascites, and an acute hepatitis syndrome at the age of 11, penicillamine therapy was empirically started, with gradual symptomatic improvement. When evaluated at the age of 22, abnormal laboratory values included a total bilirubin of 1.2 mg%; alkaline phosphatase, 96 U; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), 175 U; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), 122 U; gamma glutamyl trans peptidase (GGTP), 64 U; and Bromsulphalein (BSP) retention, 21% at 45 minutes. Skin biopsy from the hand revealed a noninflammatory subepidermal bulla with prominently PAS positive vessel walls in the festooned dermal papillae at the base of the blister. A fragmented liver biopsy failed to reveal evidence of active hepatitis or cirrhosis, but considerable stainable iron was present in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. A rubeanic acid stain for copper was negative. The patient was diagnosed as having Wilson's disease, hepatic hemosiderosis, and PCT. Cessation of all ethanol consumption and discontinuation of the oral contraceptives which she had been taking for 6 years, was recommended. On examination 9 and 22 months after these modifications were instituted, the patient felt asymptomatic and was without evidence of any new blisters or scars of her skin. The hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis persisted, but she rigidly adhered to a program of penicillamine, topical sunscreen application, and abnegation of alcohol. Liver function studies were normal, and urinary porphyrin levels returned toward normal values. The clinical onset of this patient's blistering disease was temporally associated with ethanol and exogenous estrogen medication.
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PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda complicating Wilson's disease. 720 91

Urinary copper excretion was found to be increased in patients with cholestasis, hepatitis and cirrhosis, but the penicillamine-induced increment was normal. Wilson's disease patients had increased copper excretion before and after penicillamine, especially in untreated cases. Hepatic copper concentrations correlated with urinary copper excretion in cholestasis and treated Wilson's disease, but not in hepatitis or cirrhosis. In treated Wilson's disease, measurement of urinary copper excretion should be valuable in estimating the degree of removal of copper from the body during therapy. Urinary copper clearances were raised in various liver conditions, maximally in untreated Wilson's disease. It is suggested that only part of the serum non-caeruloplasmin copper is available for excretion into urine.
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PMID:Urinary copper excretion and hepatic copper concentrations in liver disease. 721 19


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