Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trace elements were examined spectrophotometrically in 45 patients with chronic hepatitis (persisting--31; chronic--14). Lead and cadmium showed a significant increase both in the healthy and hepatitis patients. A reduction of zinc and increase of copper was found in patients with chronic hepatitis. Changes in the content of microelements depended on the severity of the disease.
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PMID:[Changes in the trace element content of the blood in chronic hepatitis]. 148 45

The effect of Silymarin (Legalon) upon liver lesions was investigated using four experimental models: In acute galactosamine-hepatitis, Silymarin administration achieved protection of the liver structure (electron-microscopy included), liver cell glycogen, RNA and enzymatic activity, Galactosamine-depressed gluconeogenesis in the isolated perfused rat liver was significantly preserved by Silymarin treatment. In lead and cadmium poisoning the structural damage and histochemical and histoenzymatic changes were partly but significantly prevented. The complex noxious effects of Imuran overdoses were favourably influenced by Silymarin, without diminishing the cytostatic-immunosuppressive action of Imuran.
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PMID:Effect of silymarin on experimental liver lesions. 733 95

Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats are characterized by the sudden onset of hepatitis around 4 months after birth and the gross accumulation of hepatic copper (Cu) accompanied by metallothionein (MT). The biliary excretion of manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd) injected intravenously was studied in 3-month-old LEC rats without signs of hepatitis. Injected Mn was excreted into the bile in LEC and Fischer rats used for comparison. However, increased biliary excretion of Cd was found not in the LEC rat but in the Fischer rat. Excretion of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected along with the metal mixture was significantly lower in the LEC group than in the Fischer group. Our results suggest that Mn excretion is not related to the existence of a gross amount of Cu-MT. Reduced excretion of Cd may be partly due to binding to Cu-MT in the liver. Decreased excretion of HRP implies the existence of an inherent defect in the bile excretion route for endo- and exogenous substances.
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PMID:Biliary excretion of exogenous cadmium and manganese in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats characterized by an inherently gross amount of copper-metallothionein in the liver. 780 94

The concentration of biliary Cu was 0.12 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml in male LEC rats aged 14 weeks and 0.43 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml in Fischer rats of the same age. When copper chloride (170 micrograms/kg b.w. as Cu) was infused intravenously (i.v.), the concentration of biliary Cu increased to only 0.21 +/- 0.06 microgram/ml 30 min after the infusion in LEC rats. In contrast, Fischer rats showed a concentration about 10 times higher (4.02 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml) than that before the infusion. In Fischer rats pretreated with cadmium chloride, the biliary Cu concentration was 1.04 + 0.43 micrograms/ml 30 min after infusion of copper. Horseradish peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7) infused iv along with copper chloride was excreted into bile at a low level in LEC rats compared to Fischer rats. Our results suggest that the gross accumulation of hepatic Cu in the new, mutant LEC rats is due to a low excretion of Cu into bile and that the hepatobiliary dysfunction is related to spontaneous hepatitis.
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PMID:Decrease in biliary excretion of copper in Long-Evans cinnamon (LEC) rats causing spontaneous hepatitis due to a gross accumulation of hepatic copper. 821 Jun 89

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid compound that has been shown to protect against some hepatotoxicants and is used in China to treat hepatitis. This study was conducted to examine the protective effects of OA against cadmium (Cd)-induced liver injury in mice and the mechanism of protection. OA (100 mg/kg x 3 days) pretreatment dramatically decreased Cd (3.7 mg/kg i.v.)-induced liver injury as indicated by decreased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, as well as by histopathological observation. To examine the mechanism of protection, the distribution of Cd to major organs and the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd were determined 2 hr after 109Cd injection (3.5 mg/kg of Cd and 10 microCi/mg of Cd i.v.). OA did not reduce the amount of Cd in liver, but significantly altered the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd, with more Cd in hepatic cytosol bound to metallothionein (MT), and with less Cd in other organelles and proteins. OA produced an approximately 30-fold increase in hepatic MT, but had no appreciable effects on MT levels of five other organs. Furthermore, OA increased both hepatic MT-I and MT-II levels, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Northern blot analysis revealed that OA increases MT mRNA expression. In summary, OA pretreatment protects against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing MT. MT bound Cd in the cytosol, and thus decreased the amount of Cd in other critical organelles and proteins. OA is a hepatic MT inducer for both MT-I and MT-II isoforms, and this effect is due, at least in part, to an increased MT mRNA accumulation.
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PMID:Oleanolic acid protects against cadmium hepatotoxicity by inducing metallothionein. 833 68

To identify the divalent metal ions that can support the self-cleavage activity of the genomic ribozyme of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV), we tested the activity of various divalent metal ions in the ribozyme reactions catalyzed by HDV88 (683-770 nt) and 88DI3 (HDV88 with the sequence from 740-752 nt deleted). Among various metal ions tested, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ efficiently supported the self-cleavage reactions of the HDV88 and 88DI3 ribozymes. In the case of the 88DI3 ribozyme, other divalent metal ions, such as Cd2+, Ba2+, Co2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, were also able to support the self-cleavage reaction to some extent (< 10%). In the presence of spermidine (0.5 mM), the cleavage reaction was promoted at lower concentrations of effective divalent metal ions. The HDV ribozyme represents the only example of ribozyme to date of a ribozyme that catalyzes the self-cleavage reaction in the presence of Ca2+ ions as efficiently as it does in the presence of Mg2+ ions.
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PMID:Self-cleavage activity of the genomic HDV ribozyme in the presence of various divalent metal ions. 834 2

Complete clinical examination covered 37 patients in various stages after acute occupational poisonings with pesticides (8 examinees), with explosive gases (9 subjects), with carbon oxide (3 examinees), with cadmium oxides (1 examinee), with nitrogen compounds (4 ones), with sulfurous gases (2 examinees), with organic solvents (10 subjects) including chlorinated hydrocarbons (2 subjects). Post-intoxication period appeared to include syndromes characteristic for each poison and corresponding to severity of acute state (from cephalgia to parkinsonism and thyrotoxicosis after acute poisoning with carbon oxide, organic neurologic signs and toxic hepatitis after acute poisoning with phosphorus organic compounds, cerebral asthenia after acute exposure to organic solvents, severe encephalopathy and toxic auditory and optic neuropathy after hydrogen sulfide). Inadequate medical rehabilitation and continuous occupational exposure induced deterioration in clinical signs and advanced post-intoxication syndromes.
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PMID:[Diagnostic problems of post-intoxication states]. 1150 30

Cadmium is known to be a potent carcinogenic and mutagenic metal. However, we demonstrated that dietary supplementation with 50 ppm cadmium inhibits spontaneous carcinogenesis in C3H/HeN and spontaneous hepatitis in A/J mice. We found that the frequencies of spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in C3H/HeN mice and of spontaneous hepatitis in A/J mice fed low-dose cadmium for 54 weeks were significantly lower than those in the respective control groups. A cadmium-induced increase in metallothionein production itself and/or metallothionein-associated increases in hepatic zinc concentrations may be involved in the observed preventive effects of cadmium. Our results suggest that low doses of cadmium in the diet or environment may play a beneficial role in the prevention of hepatic disease in humans and animals.
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PMID:Dietary cadmium inhibits spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in C3H/HeN mice and hepatitis in A/J mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. 1258 87

Chronic liver diseases are disastrous to health. Many factors are associated with their prevalence, hence endemicity. These are mainly infectious, parasitic and toxic. A survey was conducted in a village south to Cairo. Large industries concerned with iron and steel industry, metals smelting, cement manufacturing and electric station were located north to the village. A systematic random sample of houses was selected. All individuals inside the houses were invited to share in the study. Sample size was 84 individuals. Hepatitis markers were done (HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies). The levels of some heavy metals were assessed; which were lead, mercury, arsenic, aluminum, manganese, nickel, chromium and cadmium. Levels of some trace elements were assessed. These were copper, iron, selenium and zinc. Aflatoxin B1 was assessed in serum. Assessment of schistosomal circulating antigen and antibodies was carried out. Abdominal ultrasonograghy was done to assess liver condition. Univariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between studied variables and HBsAg or anti-HCV sero-positive subjects. The association between studied variables and bilharzial or fatty liver, diagnosed by ultrasonography, were also assessed. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed odds ratios at the following results. For HBsAg seropositive subjects, aflatoxin B1, lead, chromium and schistosomal antigen and antibodies were higher than negative ones where odds ratios were; 6.2, 1.6, 1.6, 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. None of the variables showed statistically significant difference. For anti-HCV antibodies sero-positive subjects, aflatoxin B1 and chromium had the highest odds ratios among the studied variables, (odds ratios were 2.5 and 2.4, respectively). Bilharzial liver showed higher significant positivity of anti-HCV antibodies and insignificant decreased level of zinc than negative ones (odds ratios were 7.2 and 4.5, respectively). Fatty liver cases showed higher statistically significant positivity of anti-HCV antibodies and chromium than negative ones. Odds ratios were 8.0 and 7.1, respectively. Statistically significant lower level of aflatoxin B1 was shown in fatty liver than normal liver subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for fatty liver showed that only anti-HCV antibodies sero-positivity had statistically significant odds ratio in comparison to chromium level and aflatoxin B1. It is concluded that some heavy metals, and Aflatoxin B1 had a definite association with liver diseases in the area under study. Having anti-HCV antibodies had a relation with fatty liver and with bilharzial liver more than having HBsAg. It is recommended that environmental management to factories nearby the village is urgently needed to decrease exposure to heavy metals. Prevention of hepatitis infection and aflatoxin exposure through different means is also recommended, other wise health care authorities would be confronted with unusual cases of HCC in the nearby future.
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PMID:A cross sectional study of hepatitis B, C, some trace elements, heavy metals, aflatoxin B1 and schistosomiasis in a rural population, Egypt. 1690 Jun 14

Hepatic metallothionein (MT) expression, with various isoforms, and varying cellular localizations is a useful marker for clinico-pathogenesis of liver diseases. In acute liver toxicity caused by cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, or acetaminophen, MT plays a protective role, via the scavenging of radical species. In chronic hepatitis C patients, hepatic MT levels appear to be a biological factor associated with the severity of HCV infection, and are associated with a better response to IFN therapy. Transgenic mice that express HBsAg in the liver show hepatocellular damage, inflammation, regeneration, hyperplasia, and, eventually, neoplasia. The MT isoform, MT-1 help mitigate HBV-induced hepatitis. Analysis of MT gene expression in the livers of chronic hepatitis B patients is useful for understanding the features of distinct liver diseases and for judging disease progression. A profound down-regulation of isoform MT-1G in hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in 63% of tumors relative to the adjacent nonmalignant liver. MT has been implicated in the control of p53 folding with zinc exchange. Therefore, it appears MT may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall MT is linked to a variety of liver diseases.
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PMID:Significance of metallothionein expression in liver disease. 2359 Jan 40


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