Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Callitrichid hepatitis (CH) is an acute, often fatal viral infection of New World primates from the family Callitrichidae. The etiologic agent of CH is unknown. We report here the isolation of an arenavirus from a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with CH by using in vitro cultures of marmoset hepatocytes and Vero-E6 cells. Enveloped virions 67 to 133 nm in diameter with ribosomelike internal structures were seen in infected cultures. Immunofluorescence and Western immunoblot analysis using CH-specific antisera (principally from animals exposed to CH during zoo outbreaks) revealed three antigens in cells infected with this CH-associated virus (CHV). These antigens had the same electrophoretic mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as did the nucleocapsid, GP2, and GPC proteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Monoclonal antibodies specific for these arenavirus proteins also reacted with the three CHV antigens. Conversely, the CH-specific antisera reacted with the nucleocapsid, GP2, and GPC proteins of LCMV. CHV thus appears to be a close antigenic relative of LCMV. The serologic association of CHV with several CH outbreaks implicate it as the etiologic agent of this disease.
 ...
PMID:Isolation of an arenavirus from a marmoset with callitrichid hepatitis and its serologic association with disease. 171 56

Experiments on cats with dichloroethane affection of the liver showed that changes in the electrolyte balance in the wall of blood vessels differing in structure and function occurred in phases in different periods of the examination. The course of hepatitis was characterized by gradual exhaustion of epinephrine and norepinephrine stores in the vascular wall. Aevit causes increase of the calcium content, riboflavin--a decrease of the calcium level and increase of the sodium concentration, and legalon causes an increase of the potassium, calcium, and magnesium content.
 ...
PMID:[Balance of electrolytes and catecholamines in tissue of blood vessels in experimental toxic hepatitis and its pharmacotherapy]. 180 87

Human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) was purified from the plasma of six patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to hepatitis B in two and non-A, non-B hepatitis in four. The purified hHGF from each patient contained two major protein bands having molecular weights of 79,000 and 86,000 and several minor bands having molecular weights between 76,000 and 92,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed under nonreduced conditions. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, three major bands having molecular weights of 58,000, 34,500, and 31,500 were evident. In addition, a band having a molecular weight of 21,000 was detected. hHGF activity was destroyed by its reduction. The hHGF purified from patients demonstrated a dose response in terms of an increase in DNA synthesis using cultured hepatocytes. The hHGF concentration in the plasma of the patients with grade III-IV hepatic coma was calculated to be in the range of 1.8-3.0 nM. Finally the heavy chain of hHGF was not recognized by an anti-human albumin antibody, indicating that hHGF is not biliprotein, an albumin-bilirubin complex, that has been reported to be a putative liver growth factor.
 ...
PMID:Human hepatocyte growth factor in blood of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Basic aspects. 182 62

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp160 was produced in large-scale microcarrier cultures of Vero cells, using a system involving coinfection with two recombinant vaccinia viruses. The immunogenicity of this material was studied in conjunction with a number of different adjuvant formulations, and chimpanzees were then immunized with gp160 in conjunction with Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3 and sodium deoxycholate, and a lipid-based adjuvant. The Al(OH)3-gp160 vaccine formulation elicited very poor immune responses in two chimpanzees, and these animals were further immunized with gp160 in conjunction with a lipid-based adjuvant. Immunization with the latter formulation lead to induction of high-titer neutralizing antibodies, and, following challenge with HIV-1, one chimpanzee demonstrated no evidence of virus infection over a period of 3 years. The second chimpanzee, which had previously been infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis, and two animals immunized with gp160 with Al(OH)3 and deoxycholate were not protected against challenge.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a vaccinia-derived recombinant HIV-1 gp160 candidate vaccine and its immunogenicity in chimpanzees. 184 26

The receptor for mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) is a 110- to 120-kilodalton (kDa) glycoprotein which is expressed in MHV-susceptible mouse strains on the membranes of hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, and macrophages. SJL/J mice, which are highly resistant to MHV-A59, were previously shown to lack detectable levels of receptor by using either solid-phase virus receptor assays or binding of a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody (MAb) which blocks infection of MHV-susceptible mouse cells. This MAb was used for affinity purification of the receptor glycoprotein from livers of MHV-susceptible Swiss Webster mice. The MHV receptor and an antigenically related protein of 48 to 58 kDa were copurified and then separated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The first 15 amino acids of the receptor were sequenced, and a synthetic peptide of this amino acid sequence was prepared. Rabbit antiserum made against this peptide bound to the MHV receptor glycoprotein and the 48- to 58-kDa protein from livers of MHV-susceptible BALB/c mice and Swiss Webster mice and from the intestinal brush border of BALB/c mice. In immunoblots of intestinal brush border and hepatocyte membranes of MHV-resistant SJL/J mice, the antibody against the amino terminus of the receptor identified proteins that are 5 to 10 kDa smaller than the MHV receptor and the 48- to 58-kDa related protein from Swiss Webster or BALB/c mice. Thus, SJL/J mice express a protein which shares some sequence homology with the MHV receptor but which lacks virus-binding activity and is not recognized by the blocking anti-receptor MAb. These results suggest that resistance of SJL/J mice to MHV-A59 may be due to absence or mutation of the virus-binding domain in the nonfunctional receptor homolog in SJL/J mice.
 ...
PMID:Purification of the 110-kilodalton glycoprotein receptor for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-A59 from mouse liver and identification of a nonfunctional, homologous protein in MHV-resistant SJL/J mice. 216 99

It has previously been shown that human hepatitis virus delta antigen has an RNA-binding activity (Chang et al., J. Virol. 62:2403-2410, 1988). In the present study, the specificity of such an RNA-protein interaction was demonstrated by expressing various domains of the delta antigen in Escherichia coli as TrpE fusion proteins and testing their RNA-binding activities in a Northwestern protein-RNA immunoblot assay and RNA gel mobility shift assay. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA bound specifically to the delta antigen in the presence of an excess amount of unrelated RNAs and a relatively high salt concentration. Both genome- and antigenome-sense HDV RNAs and at least two different regions of HDV genomic RNA bound to the delta antigen. Surprisingly, these two different regions of HDV genomic RNA could compete with each other for delta antigen binding, although they do not have common nucleotide sequences. In contrast, this binding could not be competed with by other viral or cellular RNA. Since both the genomic and antigenomic HDV RNAs had strong intramolecular complementary sequences, these results suggest that the binding of delta antigen is probably specific for a secondary structure unique to the HDV RNA. By expressing different subdomains of the delta antigen, we found that the middle one-third of delta antigen was responsible for binding HDV RNA. Neither the N-terminal nor the C-terminal domain bound HDV RNA. Binding between the delta antigen and HDV RNA was also demonstrated within the HDV particles isolated from the plasma of a human delta hepatitis patient. This in vivo binding resisted treatment with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.5% Nonidet P-40. In addition, we showed that the antiserum from a human patient with delta hepatitis reacted with all three subdomains of the delta antigen, indicating that all of the domains are immunogenic in vivo. These studies demonstrated the specific interaction between delta antigen and HDV RNA.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of hepatitis delta antigen: specific binding to hepatitis delta virus RNA. 220 Aug 84

The effect of cholagogic drugs on blood plasma content of natriuretic hormone (NH) in 41 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis was studied. The drugs were found to exert no effect on NH content and the kidney function in this pathology. The use of essentiale in patients with persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver was shown to increase sodium excretion due to an increase of NH content.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of cholagogic preparations and Essentiale on the natriuretic hormone content of the blood plasma and on kidney function in patients with liver pathology]. 222 57

Quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide are antiarrhythmic drugs in the class 1A category. These drugs have a low toxic to therapeutic ratio, and their use is associated with a number of serious adverse effects during long term therapy and life-threatening sequelae following acute overdose. Class 1A agents inhibit the fast inward sodium current and decrease the maximum rate of rise and amplitude of the cardiac action potential. Prolonged Q-T interval and, to a lesser extent, QRS duration may be observed at therapeutic concentrations of quinidine. With increasing plasma concentrations, progressive depression of automaticity and conduction velocity occur. 'Quinidine syncope' (a transient loss of consciousness due to paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, frequently of the torsade de pointes type) occurs with therapeutic dosing, often in the first few days of therapy. Extracardiac adverse effects of quinidine include potentially intolerable gastrointestinal effects and hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, rash, blood dyscrasias and hepatitis. Procainamide produces electrophysiological changes that are similar to those of quinidine, although Q-T interval prolongation with the former is less pronounced at therapeutic concentrations. Hypersensitivity reactions including fever, rash and (more seriously) agranulocytosis are associated with procainamide, and a frequent adverse effect requiring cessation of therapy is the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Of the 3 drugs, disopyramide has the most pronounced negative inotropic effects, which are especially significant in patients with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. As with quinidine, unexpected 'disopyramide syncope' at therapeutic concentrations has been described. Anticholinergic side effects are common with this drug and may require cessation of therapy. Disopyramide therapy may unpredictably induce severe hypoglycaemia. Severe intoxication with the class 1A agents may result from acute accidental or intentional overdose, or from accumulation of the drugs during long term therapy. Acute overdose can result in severe disturbances of cardiac conduction and hypotension, frequently accompanied by central nervous system toxicity. Decreased renal function can cause significant accumulation of procainamide and its active metabolite acecainide (N-acetyl-procainamide), resulting in severe intoxication. Mild to moderate renal dysfunction is less likely to lead to quinidine or disopyramide intoxication, unless renal failure is severe or concurrent hepatic dysfunction is present. Management of acute intoxication with class 1A drugs includes gut decontamination with provision of respiratory support and treatment of seizures as needed. Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate, by antagonising the inhibitory effect of quinidine on sodium conductance, may reverse many or all manifestations of cardiovascular toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Poisoning due to class IA antiarrhythmic drugs. Quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide. 228 95

A Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) developed clinical signs, serum biochemical values, and serologic viral markers consistent with chronic persistent hepatitis caused by a hepatitis B-like virus. The hepatitis had a sporadic cyclical pattern of lethargy, inappetance, and icterus, with leukocytosis and increased serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The serum from this dolphin contained hepatitis B virus core antibodies, hepatitis B surface antibodies, and hepatitis B viral DNA. Supportive treatment consisted of administration of antibiotics, cimetidine, menadiol sodium diphosphate, and vitamin/dextrose supplementation. A clinically normal killer whale (Orcinus orca) housed in the same pool had serum hepatitis B surface antibodies, suggesting immunologic responsiveness and that this disease was not species-specific.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B-like infection in a Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). 229 47

A three-year study has been conducted for prevention of infectious hepatitis with supplementation of table salt fortified with 15 ppm anhydrous sodium selenite to the general population of 20,847 persons in a township M.Z. at Qidong County, Jiangsu Province, China. The results showed that the incidence of virus hepatitis infection in the test township was significantly lower than that of controls provided with normal table salt. The incidence rate of infectious hepatitis in the treated township M.Z. was 1.20 and 4.52 per 1,000, whereas the average incidence in the 6 surrounding control townships was 2.96 and 10.48 per 1,000 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg+) was 13.2% vs 19.23% for males and 10.42% vs 12.24% for females in the supplemented vs nonsupplemented neighboring township, respectively. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a low grain Se content is associated with a high regional incidence of hepatitis B virus infections.
 ...
PMID:Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China. 248 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>