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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amongst 108 surgical patients receiving massive transfusions, 60 died. Study of the aetiology of the haemorrhage, the circumstances of the transfusion, and the role of massive transfusions in the transmission of infectious diseases, disturbances in haemostasis, immunological, respiratory and metabolic complications led to the determination of certain simple criteria of gravity which may restrict their use:age over 60 years; the number of units used, if it exceeds 30; the existence of cirrhosis, of an acute lesion as the source of bleeding, or of peroperative haemorrhage. By contrast, the transmission of hepatitis, coagulation disturbances, immediate or delayed incompatibility accidents and variations in pH, blood potassium and calcium levels and arterial pO2 had little influence on mortality.
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PMID:[Clinical study of massive transfusions (108 cases)]. 4 89

Liver biopsies from 18 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and from 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were stained by orcein after oxidation of the tissue sections with potassium permanganate. In 15 out of the 18 cases which could be classified on clinical, biochemical and immunological basis as PBC, the hepatocytes, usually periportally, contained cytoplasmic stainable material. 5 out of the 25 CAH patients contained the same material, but four of these patients were clinically atypical and showed features of cholestatic form of CAH and features crosslinking with PBC. All patients in both groups were serologically hepatitis-B antigen negative. The orcein staining method seems to be a reliable addition to differentiating histologically between PBC and CAH.
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PMID:Orcein positive hepatocellular material in histological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. 5 54

Data collected from 50 saline washed units of red blood cells shows that units washed with one liter of 0.9 per cent NaCl on an IBM cell processor have an average hematocrit of 72.2 per cent, with 84.7 per cent of the white blood cells removed, and only 0.6 per cent of the original total protein remaining. The red blood cell recovery is 85.5 per cent. Other advantages include low extracellular potassium and reduction in supernatant hemoglobin, metabolic waste products, debris, and nonviable cells. Over 1500 washed units have been transfused, with an average of 150 per month. The clinical response has been very favorable with only one suspected reaction reported since the use of washed cells, and no reported cases of hepatitis.
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PMID:Use and analysis of saline washed red blood cells. 98 40

Orthotopic allogenic liver transplantations were carried out on 39 pigs. The length of survival time ranged from a few hours until 179 days. The clinical and biochemical laboratory findings as well as the macroscopical, light microscopical and electron microscopical findings established by biopsy and autopsy in the period after the transplantation are described and discussed with regard to their diagnostic significance and pathogenesis. The causes of death are generalized haemorrhages (15 cases), post-operatively bleeding gastric ulcers (12 cases), infections (7 cases), and early or late complications connected with the surgical interventions (5 cases). Observations of liver homografts over a long period after healing-in without complications and during sufficient function of the transplant show (without immunosuppressive treatment) the development of alterations in accordance with the features of chronic aggressive hepatitis and subsequent liver cirrhosis. Complications resulting from this account for some of the established causes of death. According to the results of experiments in animals surviving for a longer time after transplantation there are a general adaptive activation of metabolism and focal alterations in the outer cell membrane of the parenchymal cells in the transplanted liver. This alteration in the cell membrane of the liver epithelial cells causes an abnormal permeability and may lead to partial peripheral lysis and to total lytic necrosis (colliquation necrosis) of these cells. The main cause of these changes is ischaemia or hypoxia brought about by a variety of factors and the cytolytic effect of specifically sensitized lymphocytes ("killer", lymphocytes, immunocytes, effector cells) of the host organism which is the basis of the actual immunologic rejection process. The observed increase of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as potassium in the blood serum may be regarded as a sign of a progressive (developing) rejection or a chronic insufficience of blood circulation of the transplant. Long-term observations show the tendency for a slow continuous reduction in number of the erythrocytes and leucocytes in the host animals. The behaviour of the macrophages (Kupffer cells) in the liver transplant in relation to erythrocytes, thrombocytes and also lymphocytes of the host organism requires particular attention.
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PMID:[Light microscopical, electron microscopical and clinical findings in orthotopic allogenic porcine liver homografts (author's transl)]. 110 5

The risks of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion are so great that no transfusion should be given until it is decided that it is absolutely necessary and then only with the utmost care. The unfavorable effects of transfusion reviewed are: hemolytic reaction; bacterial contamination; febrile reaction due to leukoagglutinins; urticaria; anaphylaxis; problems associated with the transfusion of excess potassium, ammonia, and acid; transmission of hepatitis, cytomegalic inclusion disease, toxoplasmosis, and malaria; pulmonary insufficiency; air embolism; and circulatory overload.
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PMID:Adverse effects of transfusions. 126 10

Experiments on cats with dichloroethane affection of the liver showed that changes in the electrolyte balance in the wall of blood vessels differing in structure and function occurred in phases in different periods of the examination. The course of hepatitis was characterized by gradual exhaustion of epinephrine and norepinephrine stores in the vascular wall. Aevit causes increase of the calcium content, riboflavin--a decrease of the calcium level and increase of the sodium concentration, and legalon causes an increase of the potassium, calcium, and magnesium content.
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PMID:[Balance of electrolytes and catecholamines in tissue of blood vessels in experimental toxic hepatitis and its pharmacotherapy]. 180 87

As a result of the experimental investigation of the liver damaged with CCL4, its essential structural changes have been revealed. They resemble those specific for a chronic toxic hepatitis. Administration of potassium orothate (100 mg/kg) increases proliferative activity of hepatocytes without any essential influence on intracellular regeneration. Under conditions of a delayed differentiation and lack of resorption of an abundantly outgrowing connective tissue, this results in a more profound pathological process in the liver. Benzonal administration (50 mg/kg) facilitates structural normalization of the chronically damaged liver, owing to activation of both cellular and intracellular regeneration.
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PMID:[Structure of the liver after correction of experimental chronic hepatitis with benzonal and potassium orotate]. 235 91

A decrease in sodium, potassium and anion (HCO3)-activated erythrocyte ATPases is noted in patients with acute viral hepatitides A and B, chronic persisting hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, chronic cholecystitis and in HBs-antigen carriers, the reduction of HCO8-ATPase being more noticeable. A degree of expression of the above changes depends on the severity of a pathological process in the liver. The most serious changes are noted in liver cirrhosis. In this disease calcium ATPase activity is also on a decrease. Erythrocyte ATPase activity is lowered in chronic cholecystitis to a lesser degree. In patients with chronic persisting hepatitis and liver cirrhosis erythrocyte ATPase activity slightly increases, however it remains significantly lowered as compared to the control level. The determination of erythrocyte ATPase activity can be used for assessment of the status of patients with acute and chronic liver diseases.
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PMID:[Comparative characteristics of adenosine triphosphatase activity in the erythrocytes of patients with acute and chronic liver diseases, chronic cholecystitis and in HBs antigen carriers]. 295 84

The extent of association between woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen and host hepatocyte plasma membrane in chronic hepatitis was studied. Purified membranes containing the antigen were treated with various agents which perturb plasma membrane constituents to elute woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen. The products from disrupted membranes were analyzed by sedimentation in sucrose gradients and tested to identify the antigen reactivity. The results indicated that membrane-bound woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen was partially released by 4 M potassium chloride, potassium thiocyanate and guanidine, 6 M urea or 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (pH 13.5), but not in the presence of low concentrations of these reagents or by 10% 2-mercaptoethanol and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. No more than 15% of the total membrane-associated woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen was eluted by 0.1 N NaOH, which was found to be the most effective eluent among tested agents at the antigen removal. The remaining woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen was resistant to further extraction with sodium hydroxide, as expected for an integral membrane protein. Treatment of the infected membranes with 1% Triton X-100 or 50 mM deoxycholic acid, that solubilize the membrane lipid bilayer releasing most of the integral membrane proteins, resulted in the sedimentation of almost all detectable woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen reactivity with the detergent-insoluble membrane residues, suggesting a firm interaction of the antigen with the plasma membrane matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interaction of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen with hepatocyte plasma membrane in woodchuck chronic hepatitis. 328 58

Homologous blood transfusions carry risks--febrile reactions, isoimmunization incompatibility reactions and transmission of infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis. Although autotransfusion techniques will reduce the need for banked homologous blood, autologous shed blood does contain various cellular fragments that may act directly as myocardial depressants. Accordingly, the myocardial muscle mechanical properties of isolated human right atrial trabeculae contracting in vitro were measured in a bath containing either blood collected in the Sorensen ATS Autotransfusion Receptal unit or arterial autologous blood. Muscles were tested randomly in each solution by measuring their isometric resting and developed forces and the mean rate of developed force at different stimulation rates (force-frequency relation). In addition, biochemical, hematologic and immunologic assays were performed on each blood specimen. Significant increases (p less than 0.05) in potassium and plasma-free hemoglobin indicated that cell disruption had occurred in blood collected in the autotransfusion apparatus; however, there was no statistically significant difference in mechanical performance between muscles contracting in either solution. From these results, the authors conclude that autotransfused blood does not directly affect human heart-muscle mechanics.
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PMID:Direct effects of autotransfused blood on myocardial muscle mechanics in man. 382 18


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