Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to clone hepatitis C (blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis) virus, lambda gt11-cDNA library was constructed from RNA extracted from 100 liters serum collected from 1,047 donors with elevated ALT levels and negative for hepatitis B virus-DNA. The library was immunoscreened on Y1090 cells with pooled serum obtained from patients with acute hepatitis C or chronic hepatitis C. By screening 29 clones specific for Japanese hepatitis C infection were isolated. The specificity of these clones for hepatitis C infection was determined by panels constructed in 3 laboratories. Of these, 12 clones were specific for American hepatitis C infection as well. The nucleotide sequence (201 bp) of one of them was determined to be unique compared to known human viruses including hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus. Southern blot analysis showed the absence of the sequence of the human genome in the clone. The predicted amino acid sequence is rich in residues of lysine, arginine, glutamic acid and asparagine, while lacking leucine, cysteine and methionine.
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PMID:Cloning of a cDNA associated with acute and chronic hepatitis C infection generated from patients serum RNA. 250 78

Sequences encoding the surface projection glycoprotein of the coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus (MHV), strain JHM, have been cloned into pAT153 using cDNA produced by priming with specific oligonucleotides on infected cell RNA. The regions of three clones pJMS1010, pJS112 and pJS92, which together encompass the surface protein gene have been sequenced by the chain termination method. The sequence of the primary translation product, deduced from the DNA sequence, predicts a polypeptide of 1,235 amino acids with a molecular weight of 136,600. This polypeptide displays the features characteristic of a group 1 membrane protein; an amino-terminal signal sequence and carboxy-terminal membrane and cytoplasmic domains. There are 21 potential glycosylation sites in the polypeptide and a cysteine-rich region in the vicinity of the transmembrane domain. During maturation proteolytic processing of the polypeptide occurs and at positions 624 to 628 the sequence Arg-Arg-Ala-Arg-Arg is found, which is similar to a number of basic sequences involved in the cleavage of enveloped RNA virus glycoproteins. The fusogenic properties of the MHV surface protein do not appear to correlate with a strongly hydrophobic region at the putative amino terminus of the carboxy-terminal cleavage product.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the surface projection glycoprotein of coronavirus MHV-JHM. 302 48

The presentation and 2 year treatment of a patient with argininosuccinic aciduria is reported. Erythrocyte argininosuccinate lyase activity was less than 2% of normal. Long-term management included protein restriction and arginine dietary supplementation. The child experienced three episodes of hyperammonaemia (greater than 100 microns), the first at birth, the second at 6.5 months and the third at 16 months. Neurological development deteriorated between 14 and 24 months. Hepatomegaly and biochemical hepatitis, a feature of this condition, was accompanied by enlarged mitochondria with tubular paracrystalline inclusions not previously recognized in this disorder.
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PMID:Argininosuccinic aciduria: long-term treatment with arginine. 311 34

An immunofluorescence technique using antibodies against the Fc and Fab fragments of human IgG (IgGH) was used to study the absorption of proteins by the intestinal epithelial cells of rainbow trout after oral or anal administration. Cellular absorption of a high molecular weight protein, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), was also studied by using two monoclonal antibodies, one specific for the confirmation of the antigen (implying disulfide bridges), and the other that reacts with the constituent polypeptides. Both absorbed IgGH and HBsAg were seen to be segregated in the apical vacuolar system, a characteristic feature of intestinal epithelial cells. The same antibodies were used with an everted sac technique in conjunction with immunofluorescence, to show the intravacuolar degradation of IgGH and HBsAg following absorption. By using an antibody against cathepsin D, it was possible to demonstrate, by immunofluorescence, the localization of this enzyme in the same vacuolar system. After coupling the antibody to peroxidase or to the protein A/colloidalgold complex, the ultrastructural antigenic sites of cathepsin D could be seen to be localized in the interior of the vacuoles. The vacuolar localization of a cathepsin B activity was determined by incubating sections of intestinal mucosa, or isolated epithelial cells, with a specific synthetic substrate (Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-methoxynaphthylamide). The supranuclear hyaloplasmic vacuoles of intestinal epithelial cells may be considered to be phagolysosomes that assure the degradation of absorbed proteins. This function may be of fundamental importance in the in the nutritional processes of this species.
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PMID:Immunological demonstration of intestinal absorption and digestion of protein macromolecules in the trout (Salmo gairdneri). 352 26

Changes in biochemical and electroencephalographic parameters were followed over time during the development of acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in two different experimental models. In the rat, (sub)acute liver failure was obtained either by ligation of the hepatic artery in previously portacaval-shunted animals or by intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of galactosamine (GALN). The EEG changes were characterized in both models by a significant increase in low-frequency activity of the EEG power density spectra: the so-called 'left shift'. This 'left shift' was significant in liver ischemia after 4-5 h and in GALN hepatitis after about 30 h. The changes in plasma biochemical indices also showed a great similarity in both models. The concentration of all measured plasma amino acids (except histidine and arginine in GALN hepatitis and arginine in liver ischemia), NH3 and ALAT were significantly increased during the development of (sub)acute HE. Correlation of the combined data of electroencephalographic and biochemical indices showed a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between the 'left shift' and NH3, taurine, threonine, proline, alanine, methionine, cystathionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine and histidine. It is concluded that EEG spectral analysis is a useful parameter for following the development of (sub)acute hepatic encephalopathy in relation to biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Correlation between electroencephalographic and biochemical indices in acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 359 63

Extracts of canine liver inhibited growth of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus, a canine adenovirus. Purified extracts from mammalian, but not avian, liver tissue contained the inhibitor, and evidence is presented that the inhibitory factor is the enzyme arginase (arginine ureohydrolase). This study further emphasized the need for arginine in adenovirus growth and may explain some of the difficulties in isolating small amounts of ICH virus from suspensions of liver.
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PMID:Identification of a canine adenovirus (infectious canine hepatitis virus) inhibitor in dog liver extracts as arginase. 434 96

Permeability of the blood brain barrier in relation to the development of hepatic encephalopathy was investigated in two animal models of acute hepatic failure, in one of which there was the potential for recovery (D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis). In both this and the hepatic devascularization model, there was an approximate 3-fold increase in the passive permeability of the blood brain barrier to inulin and sucrose. Transport of amino acids was also significantly affected, with approximate 30% increases in the brain uptake of phenylalanine, tyrosine and arginine and a 65% increase in uptake of leucine. These changes are attributed to the action of circulating toxic substances, some of which increase blood brain barrier permeability in normal animals.
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PMID:Experimental studies of blood brain barrier permeability in acute hepatic failure. 637 48

Serum amino acid patterns in patients with different types of hepatic encephalopathy were investigated. Marked elevations in most of serum amino acids observed in untreated patients with acute type of fulminant hepatitis were not remarkable in the patients who have already treated; particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAA), phenylalanine and tyrosine were much lower in the latter group. However, elevation of serum methionine levels and lower ratio of BCAA/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were similarly observed in both groups. In encephalopathic patients with decompensated cirrhosis, many amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were elevated with a slight depressed levels of serum BCAA. Highly significant decrease in serum BCAA levels and no elevation of phenylalanine and methionine with a minimal increase of tyrosine were observed in patients with chronic type of hepatic encephalopathy; other amino acids except for glutamine and arginine were much lower as compared to those in decompensated cirrhotics and even to the control values.
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PMID:Characteristics change in serum amino acid levels in different types of hepatic encephalopathy. 711 80

Distinguishing between obstructive (surgical) and hepatocellular (medical) jaundice is sometimes impossible using the relatively simple diagnostic means of history, physical examination and liver function tests. In an attempt to reduce the number of jaundiced patients in need of complex and expensive diagnostic procedures, we investigated the use of the plasma amino acid pattern in the diagnosis of jaundice. Jaundiced rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis and seven patients with acute onset hepatitis presented a plasma amino acid pattern in which most all amino acid levels were elevated except for arginine in the rat and branched chain amino acids in the patients. Rats jaundiced due to common bile duct ligation and seven patients with obstructive jaundice proved at surgery exhibited a near-normal amino acid pattern. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate very clear qualitative and quantitative differences in plasma amino acid patterns of hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice, with the latter exhibiting an almost-normal pattern. We suggest the use of the plasma amino acid pattern as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of medical and surgical jaundice.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid analysis in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. 735 Aug 38

A 10 year old boy, in grade IV hepatic coma, was treated by combination of XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion (HP), activated charcoal HP (Adsorba 300C, Gambro), exchange transfusion by up to 12.0 liters of fresh whole blood, and regular dialysis. Serum free amino acids' values were consecutively assessed during 4 days of treatment. The liver was 490 gr in weight at autopsy and histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis compatible with fulminant hepatitis. Pre-treatment values of alanine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, arginine, threonine, tyrosine and methionine were increased by 2 to 38 times of normal control, while those of cystine, glutamic acid, serine and glycine were minimally increased up to 1.7 times. Histidine, isoleucine, leucine and valine, on the other hand, were decreased by 20 to 30% and aspartic acid was the lowest at 14% of normal control. The effect of XAD-4 resin HP and exchange transfusion was rather non-specific by decreasing the total amount of amino acids. The molar ratios of branched chain amino acids vs. aromatic amino acids or essential amino were elevated by activated charcoal HP, but, did not reach to normal range.
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PMID:[Variation of serum free amino acids in fulminant hepatitis treated with hepatic assists (author's transl)]. 740 29


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