Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma levels of different amino acids were observed in 10 patients with severe hepatitis, 9 viral in origin and 1 toxic, over the course of the disease. There would appear to be a close relationship between the onset of encephalopathy and the appearance of a particular pattern in plasma amino acid equilibrium, characterised by a significant fall in the molar ratio existing between ramified amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine). The role of these disturbances in the physiopathology of the encephalopathy and their effects on the synthesis of normal neurotransmitters and the intracerebral accumulation of false neurotransmitters is discussed.
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PMID:[Variation of plasma amino acids in severe hepatitis with encephalopathy 10 cases]. 1 44

A mixture with essential and nonessential amino acids high in branched chain amino acids and low in aromatic amino acids (Fischer solution), and another synthetic mixture of branched chain amino acids containing 3 amino acids associated with the urea cycle (Hep-OU) were infused to control subjects and patients with severe hepatic disease. Alterations in serum aminograms, blood ammonia levels and electroencephalograms following the infusion were studied and compared with those obtained by a commercially available amino acid mixture. Short-term or continuous infusion of a commercially available amino acid solution to cirrhotic patients caused an increase in methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine and a decrease in branched chain amino acids. These post-infusion results were similar to the patterns seen in hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhotic patients, infusion of Fischer solution which contains small quantities of methionine and phenylalanine produced an increase in the concentrations of these 2 amino acids, probably because of impaired utilization by the injured liver. No marked alterations in serum aminograms, however, were observed in cirrhotic patients either immediately after, or 3 h after, the end of the Hep-OU infusion. Reduction of methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels and elevation of the molar ratio of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were significant. The infusion of Hep-OU to patients with liver cirrhosis or subacute hepatitis resulted in clinical and neurological improvements and the restoration of the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids.
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PMID:An approach to nutritional therapy of hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of deranged amino acid patterns in serum. 15 28

Encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis of the liver consistently showed elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and free tryptophan as well as methionine in serum, whereas levels of the branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, were depressed. Comatose patients with fulminant hepatitis had markedly elevated levels of all amino acids, the results being greatly different from those of cirrhotic patients. Molar ratios of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) decreased both in cirrhotics with and without encephalopathy and in cases with fulminant hepatitis. Infusion of a commercially available L-amino acid solution in a cirrhotic patient induced a strikingly abnormal aminogram documented in hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on the deranged amino acid pattern were primarily studied for the purpose of improvement in hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of serum amino acid patterns. Elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids and methionine could be apparently depressed in a cirrhotic patient by this type of infusion but not in a case of fulminant hepatitis probably because of the poor utilization of these amino acids in severely impaired liver.
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PMID:Serum amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy--effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on serum aminogram. 52 13

Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that the plasma amino acid pattern, known to be deranged in hepatic encephalopathy, may be related causally. In order to test this hypothesis, 23% dextrose and a special amino acid solution whose components were calculated to normalize the plasma amino acid pattern were infused in 11 patients, eight with chronic cirrhosis and acute exacerbation (Group 1) and three patients with fulminant hepatitis (Group 2), in amounts of up to 120 Gm. of protein equivalent per 24 hours. Plasma amino acids were abnormal but different in both groups. In Group 1 (cirrhosis) changes in plasma amino acid pattern including elevated phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate, aspartate, and methionine and decreased valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In Group 2 all amino acids were elevated, with the exception of the branched chains which were normal. Hepatic encephalopathy improved in all patients in Group 1 and in one of three patients in Group 2 following the infusion. The ratio (see article) showed an excellent correlation with a grade of encephalopathy. When this ratio, previously 1.0 in the presence of encephalopathy, returned to the normal value near 3.0 to 3.5, encephalopathy improved. An excellent correlation was obtained between the ratio and the grade of encephalopathy and was dose related as well. The results suggest that different amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiologies require treatment modalities which may differ for the two types of encephalopathy. Whereas amino acid infusion appears to be a valuable, efficacious way of providing nutrition in treating hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and acute deterioration and coma, other means of therapy such as plasms "laundering" appear to be necessary in patients with fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. 81 29

Plasma amino acids were measured in 18 patients with hepatic encephalopathy on a protein-restricted diet of 20 g or less daily. Plasma aminograms tended to group into two distinct patterns depending on the etiology of the patients' hepatic pathology. Patients with chronic liver disease with superimposed acute insults, i.e., gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, alcoholic hepatitis, had elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as methionine, glutamate, and aspartate, whereas levels of the branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, were consistently depressed. Those patients with previously normal livers and acute hepatic necrosis, i.e., "fulminant hepatitis," had grossly elevated levels of all amino acids except the branched chain amino acids, which were normal. Elevations of amino acid levels in this patient group tended to correlate with extent of hepatic necrosis and hence had prognostic significance. Additionally, the different patterns seen in these two groups tend to suggest the indicated therapy as well as predict its efficacy.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiology. 83 96

Twenty-nine patients with fulminant hepatic failure and at least grade III encephalopathy were treated by haemodialysis with a polyacrylonitrile membrane. Aetiology was toxic in five patients, viral in eleven (2 due to hepatitis A virus and 9 presumed due to hepatitis B virus), not found in thirteen. Each patient was dialysed for 4 h every day, until he regained consciousness or died. Conscious level was improved after dialysis in 59% of patients. Thirteen patients survived (44.8%) :4 toxic hepatitis, 4 viral hepatitis B, 1 viral hepatitis A, 4 hepatitis of unknown aetiology. A comparison of plasma concentrations of amino acids measured by chromatography before and after 113 periods of haemodialysis in 23 patients showed significant decrease in aromatic amino acids (p less than 0.001), a significant increase in two branched-chain amino acids :leucine (p less than 0.001) and isoleucine (p less than 0.001), and a significant increase in Fischer's ratio (p less than 0.001). In survivors, factor V concentration on admission and Fischer's ratio on admission were significantly higher than in those who died (p less than 0.02 for both), but there was no significant difference in the difference between Fischer's ratio before and after haemodialysis. Haemodialysis was well tolerated, except for short periods of hypotension and a small but significant fall in platelet counts. Improvement in cerebral function during haemodialysis was previously demonstrated by various authors, but the effect on survival rate remained controversial. The survival rate obtained in this controlled study is clearly higher than those obtained by conservative management alone.
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PMID:[Hemodialysis with a high permeability membrane in the treatment of encephalopathy of fulminant hepatitis]. 343 87

A 10 year old boy, in grade IV hepatic coma, was treated by combination of XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion (HP), activated charcoal HP (Adsorba 300C, Gambro), exchange transfusion by up to 12.0 liters of fresh whole blood, and regular dialysis. Serum free amino acids' values were consecutively assessed during 4 days of treatment. The liver was 490 gr in weight at autopsy and histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis compatible with fulminant hepatitis. Pre-treatment values of alanine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, arginine, threonine, tyrosine and methionine were increased by 2 to 38 times of normal control, while those of cystine, glutamic acid, serine and glycine were minimally increased up to 1.7 times. Histidine, isoleucine, leucine and valine, on the other hand, were decreased by 20 to 30% and aspartic acid was the lowest at 14% of normal control. The effect of XAD-4 resin HP and exchange transfusion was rather non-specific by decreasing the total amount of amino acids. The molar ratios of branched chain amino acids vs. aromatic amino acids or essential amino were elevated by activated charcoal HP, but, did not reach to normal range.
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PMID:[Variation of serum free amino acids in fulminant hepatitis treated with hepatic assists (author's transl)]. 740 29

The coronavirus spike glycoprotein (S) mediates both the attachment of virus to the host cell receptor and membrane fusion. We describe here the characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV-A59) having multiple S protein-related defects. The most remarkable of these was that the mutant, designated Albany 18 (Alb18), assembled virions devoid of the S glycoprotein at the nonpermissive temperature. Alb18 also failed to bring about syncytia formation in cells infected at the nonpermissive temperature. Virions of the mutant assembled at the permissive temperature were much more thermolabile than wild type. Moreover, mutant S protein that was incorporated into virions at the permissive temperature showed enhanced pH-dependent thermolability in its ability to bind to the MHV receptor. Alb18 was found to have a single point mutation in S resulting in a change of serine 287 to isoleucine, and it was shown by revertant analysis that this was the lesion responsible for the phenotype of the mutant.
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PMID:A conditional-lethal murine coronavirus mutant that fails to incorporate the spike glycoprotein into assembled virions. 883 89

The gene coding for the small (S) envelope protein of hepatitis B virus was mutated to identify sequences important for the envelopment of the nucleocapsid during morphogenesis of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) virions. This study was focused on a domain of the S protein that is exposed in the cytoplasm during synthesis and thereby represented a good candidate for interaction with the viral nucleocapsid during virion assembly. The mutations consisted of deletion/insertions spanning the entire cytosolic domain of S between amino acid residues 24 and 80. Although the expression of mutants clustered between residues 59 and 80 could not be obtained, we demonstrated that a large part of the cytosolic loop, from residues 29-47 and 49-59, does not contain motifs essential for production of hepatitis B virus subviral particles or HDV virions. However, deletion of residues 24-28 led to the synthesis of S protein mutant, which was competent for secretion of subviral particles but deficient for production of HDV. We concluded that the sequence between Arg-24 and Ile-28 located at the carboxyl boundary of the transmembrane signal I for S contains residue or residues important for HDV particle assembly.
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PMID:Effect of mutations in the small envelope protein of hepatitis B virus on assembly and secretion of hepatitis delta virus. 981 13

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is a tumour with a dismal prognosis. In recent times, however, great advances have been made in its management. This 13-year prospective study done at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, was an attempt to appraise the outlook of the disease in Nigeria at the turn of the 21st century. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma affected mainly middle-aged Nigerians (peak age-group = 40-59 years), predominantly males (M:F = 2:1) and, in a sizeable proportion (78%), it co-existed with cirrhosis. Significant risk factors found were scarification marks (87%), anicteric hepatitis (71.3%), abuse of medicinal herbs and analgesics (68.6%) and injection from quack doctors (51%). Blood test for HBsAg was positive in 61% of patients. The mean duration of symptoms. before diagnosis was 12.64 weeks (SD 13.77) while, on the average, patients died within 14.0 weeks (SD 13.0) of illness, usually of liver failure (67.7%). Only symptomatic treatment could be offered in 148 patients (96.1%) while chemotherapy was merely attempted in 5 (3.25%). Majority of the patients (59.8%) were either discharged against medical advice or lost to follow-up. This study shows that Nigerian patients presenting with primary hepatocellular carcinoma already have advanced disease and this makes treatment and survival hopeless. Universal immunisation with HB vaccine should be implemented in Nigeria without further delay and health education should be directed against socio-cultural practices which are aetiological risk factors for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a prospective study of 154 cases. 1170 59


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