Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a prisoner of war the writer was working for nearly three years in different POW camps, and outside them, along the Burma railway from Thanbyuyzat in southern Burma up to Kanchanabury in Thiland. In the army of the Netherlands-Indian archipelago (KNIL) he had the military rank of reserve horse-doctor. In civilian life he was attached to the Veterinary Institute in Buitenzorg(now Bogor) as a veterinary bacteriologist. His task as a POW became that of meathygienist and supervisor of the living animals in the camps. In this function he diagnosed swine fever in growing pigs which had mainly been fed on the offal of the Japanese kitchen. The acute course and the pathological alterations observed during the post-mortem examinations were identical with those of the Southern-African type of the disease. In slaughter cattle the author diagnosed some cases of lung tuberculosis, one of anthrax, several of rinderpest, some of rhinal granulomatosis and one of foot and mouth disease. In chickens he found NCD (pseudo-fowlpest) and in ducklings a mortal disease which the author then called 'keeling disease' but which he many years later, recognized as virus hepatitis. As assistant bacteriologist and ex-POW he joined the British regimental hospital in Bangkok. Here he had the apportunity to assist the bacteriologist pathologist, Maj. C. R. Peck IMS/IAMC in diagnosing the first case of melioidosis in an ex-POW of the KNIL who died from the sub-acute infection, notwithstanding treatment in the hospital with sulfa-drugs and penicillin.
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PMID:Veterinary experiences as a Japanese prisoner of war and ex-POW along the Burma railroad from 1942 to January 1946. 15 50

Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg has recently raised important questions concerning the bioethics of prevention and cure of hepatitis. This paper extends his inquiry with a view toward examining the full range of the complexity of such issues as the restriction of the use of blood infected with hepatitis B antigen, the screening and possible isolation of health care personnel found to be carriers, and the like. It pointed out that for issues like these, there is not only a conflict between personal liberties and the public interest but also a potential conflict of individual rights, a theme not treated fully by Blumberg. The complex issues that emerge when these two themes are considered together are examined in light of the work of the contemporary American philosopher, John Rawls. His theory permits one to consider these two ethical themes together in analyzing moral problems. In this light, a new strategy is proposed for addressing bioethical questions concerning hepatitis B antigen.
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PMID:Some additional bioethical questions related to hepatitis B antigen. 90 69

Fifty-one patients with autoimmune hepatitis have been studied for HLA association by conventional serology and also by modified polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping. HLA-DR4 was significantly associated with autoimmune hepatitis (46 of 51 patients, 90.2%). DNA typing of the DRB1 gene for 43 DR4-positive patients by using the PCR-RFLP technique revealed that of 43 patients, 33 had DRB1*0405 (Dw15), five had DRB1*0406 (DwKT2), four had DRB1*0403 (Dw13a), two had DRB1*0401 (Dw4), two of 43 had DRB1*0407 (Dw13b) and one had DRB1*0408 (Dw14b). Thus, there was no significant difference in Dw frequencies between DR4-positive patients and DR4-positive healthy subjects. These findings suggest that the DR4-specific sequence (Val 11 and His 13 at amino acid positions 11 and 13, respectively), but not particular Dw-associated DR4 sequence, in the first domain of the DRB1 chain contributes to susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among Japanese. Interestingly, all five of the DR4-negative patients had the DR2 specificity (DRB1*1502 or 1601). Taken together, these results imply that the basic amino acids at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), are most important for determining the predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis.
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PMID:A possible association between basic amino acids of position 13 of DRB1 chains and autoimmune hepatitis. 135 Feb 67

To investigate the association between autoimmune hepatitis and HLA alleles in Japanese patients, serological typing and class II genotyping were performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Serological typing showed that HLA-B54, -DR4, -DR53, and -DQ4 were significantly more frequent in patients with autoimmune hepatitis than in controls. HLA-DR4 was most frequently associated with autoimmune hepatitis (88.7%). In PCR-RFLP typing, the frequency of DRB1*0405 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis than in controls. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of Dw between the patients and the controls who were DR4-positive. The significant increase observed in DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0401 was explained by a linkage disequilibrium with DR4. Six DR4-negative patients had DR2, but there was no significant difference in the frequency of the DR2-associated Dw-alleles compared with the DR2-positive controls. No DPB1 allele was significantly associated with autoimmune hepatitis. These findings suggest that the basic amino acid at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), contributes to the susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among the Japanese.
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PMID:HLA class II molecules and autoimmune hepatitis susceptibility in Japanese patients. 135 93

A 63 year old man underwent MCA aneurysmal neck clipping under O2-N2O-enflurane anesthesia. On the 46th postoperative day after the first operation, he had cranioplasty under O2-N2O-sevoflurane anesthesia. Hepatic injury occurred after the operation, and GOT, GPT and bilirubin increased above 700 IU.l-1, 800 IU.l-1 and 15.0 mg.dl-1 respectively but consciousness disturbance, hyperammonemia and DIC did not appear. His hepatic injury improved on conservative therapy. It seems that his hepatic injury was not caused by hepatitis viruses or hepatotoxicity of any drugs, but caused by cross sensitization between halogenated inhalation anesthetics, especially enflurane and sevoflurane, judging from drug induced lymphocyte stimulating test (DLST). We have to select an anesthetic method considering potential hepatic injury by halogenated anesthetics in a case of repeated anesthesia and operations during a short-term.
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PMID:[A case of postoperative hepatic injury after sevoflurane anesthesia]. 146 Jul 59

A 73-year-old man presented with acute hepatitis, judged to be a reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection. His serum samples during a follow-up time of 16 months showed an unusual pattern of serological markers. He was consistently HBeAg positive, HBsAg fluctuated just under the cut-off value and he had a low level of circulating anti-HBs. By electron microscopy numerous aggregates of surface antigen particles, but not complete virions were seen. He was HBV DNA positive by hybridization. The complete precore and core genes and a region of the surface gene were amplified from his serum by PCR. These findings emphasize the need for expanded serological testing in some patients with acute clinical hepatitis.
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PMID:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with an unusual pattern of serological markers. 146 85

The case of a 68-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C who developed worsening of liver disease with jaundice when he was treated with alpha interferon is described. His disease activity appeared to improve when interferon was stopped but flared again with reinstitution of treatment. Subsequent treatment with prednisone resulted in partial resolution of disease. The patient had antibody to hepatitis C virus and hepatitis C virus RNA detectable in serum; titers of these viral markers did not change with treatment. In addition, he had insulin-dependent diabetes and antinuclear antibodies, suggesting that he had a pre-existing autoimmune diathesis that may have predisposed him to developing an autoimmune hepatitis with interferon therapy.
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PMID:Acute exacerbation of liver disease during interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. 155 49

It is not always easy to evaluate the preoperative liver functions exactly. In this paper we report a patient who died of fulminant hepatitis postoperatively in spite of careful examination of preoperative liver functions. A 60-year-old male had severe bleeding following total cystectomy, resulting in cardiac arrest. He was resuscitated successfully but developed multiple organ failure. He came through it but thereafter he had repeated infectious episodes from uretero-cutaneous fistula and fluctuation of liver functions. Seven months later he had repair of postoperative ventral hernia. His liver functions were within normal limits except for positive HBs antigen. But eventually the patient died of acute fulminant transfusion hepatitis B 30 days after the operation. A cause of his death was, we presume, loading stress of surgical operation on the acute stage of hepatitis B. Other possible causes or deteriorating factors were drug liver injury, alcoholic chronic hepatitis, and coincidence of non A-non B hepatitis. When HBs antigen is positive in spite of normal liver function test, differential diagnosis between asymptomatic carrier and the first stage of acute hepatitis B should be made carefully.
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PMID:[A death caused by fulminant B-hepatitis which was latent preoperatively]. 160 64

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

To see whether the introduction of screening tests for post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) in the UK would be worth while, the incidence of such hepatitis was assessed among patients receiving blood during operations at five hospitals served by the North London Blood Transfusion Centre. 387 patients, who each received blood or blood components from an average of 3 donors were followed up prospectively and blood samples were taken every 2 weeks for 3 months and then each month for a further 3 months. 229 patients also provided a sample at 12 months. All available patient and donor samples were tested for alanine aminotransferase concentrations and for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by ELISA. Repeatedly anti-HCV positive samples were submitted to supplementary HCV assays. 1 of the 387 patients showed biochemical evidence of acute post-transfusion NANBH after exclusion of non-viral causes. Anti-HCV developed in this patient and the seroconversion was confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay and polymerase chain reaction. Serum from 1 of the 8 donors whose blood he received was positive for anti-HCV by all three methods. In another patient HCV seroconversion was shown by ELISA but alanine aminotransferase concentrations remained normal throughout follow-up. His samples and those of his 2 donors were negative for HCV by the polymerase chain reaction. A third patient showed rises in alanine aminotransferase compatible with post-transfusion NANBH, but serology and polymerase chain reaction assays for HCV were negative for her samples and those of her donors. Anti-HCV reactivity likely to be false positive (negative by both confirmatory tests and no adverse effects in recipients) was seen in 6 of 1283 donors. This study, despite its being carried out in the part of the UK with the highest frequency of infectious markers in blood donations, has shown a very low incidence of post-transfusion NANBH.
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PMID:Low incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in London confirmed by hepatitis C virus serology. 170 35


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